Single-dose intranasal AdC68-vectored vaccines rapidly protect Syrian hamsters against lethal Nipah virus infection

Lu M 1 , Yao Y 2 , Liu H 3 , Peng Y 3 , Li X 4 , Gao G 3 Show all authors , Chen M 3 , Zhang X 1 , Mao L 4 , Yang P 1 , Zhang X 1 , Miao J 4 , Yuan Z 2 , Lan J 5 , Shan C 6

Affiliations 

  • 1 State Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
  • 2 State Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
  • 3 Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
  • 4 University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
  • 5 CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China. Electronic address: shanchao@wh.iov.cn
  • 6 State Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; Hubei Jiangxia Laboratory, Wuhan, 430200, China. Electronic address: shanchao@wh.iov.cn
Mol Ther, 2025 Mar 26.
PMID: 40143544 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2025.03.032

Abstract

Nipah virus (NiV) infection is highly lethal in humans, and the development of vaccines that provide rapid protection is critical for addressing NiV outbreaks. In this study, we demonstrate that a single intranasal immunization with the chimpanzee adenoviral-vectored NiV vaccine, AdC68-F, induced robust and sustained cellular and humoral responses in BALB/c mice, and provided complete protection against challenge with the NiV-Malaysia strain (NiV-M) in hamsters. Notably, AdC68-F, administered at a dose of 5 × 109 viral particles, offered a complete prophylactic protection window as short as seven days before exposure to a lethal NiV-M challenge. Furthermore, passive transfer of sera from AdC68-F or AdC68-G immunized animals conferred complete protection against NiV-M infection in naïve hamsters. These findings underscore the pivotal role of antigen-specific immunity in controlling NiV infection and highlight the potential of single-dose intranasal AdC68-based NiV vaccines for rapid protection during outbreaks. By providing rapid and effective protection, these vaccines could help reduce human-to-human transmission and aid in curbing NiV outbreaks.

* Title and MeSH Headings from MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

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