Affiliations 

  • 1 Faculty of Management Sciences, Hamdard University, Islamabad, Pakistan
  • 2 Faculty of Management Sciences, MY University, Islamabad, Pakistan
  • 3 Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia. d.ekowati@feb.unair.ac.id
  • 4 Faculty of Management, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia
  • 5 Head of the Postgraduate (PSDM Doctoral Study Program), Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
Integr Psychol Behav Sci, 2025 Jul 12;59(3):55.
PMID: 40650782 DOI: 10.1007/s12124-025-09923-6

Abstract

Human development is a dynamic process impacted by numerous ecological systems, such as microsystems, mesosystems, ecosystems, and macrosystems. Ecological systems theory stresses several individuals in a person's environment, i.e., the researcher and the subject or the leader and individual. Leaders are significant to human development by managing values such as empathy, responsibility, participation, and democratic leaders. They should be consistent, reliable, and dependable in forming relations with unconditionally supportive followers. The Ecological Systems Model of Human Research and Development posits a combined leadership theory involving transformational and transactional models to enhance integrated human development. This methodology can create more stable, innovative, and productive organizations, eventually reflecting all stakeholders' wellness and prosperity. The theory of wholeness under Gestalt theory promotes leaders' adoption of integrative policies. Through evaluating roles, changing settings, grasping people's path of growth, and developing interventions in alignment with people's values and organizational agendas, leaders may navigate such systems and create lasting competitive advantage. The ecological systems model of human development is critical for leaders to comprehend and navigate the intricate dynamics of environmental systems and their influence on human development. Extending this research may traverse new horizons of HRD to achieve sustainable competitive advantage. Clinical trial number Not applicable.

* Title and MeSH Headings from MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.