Affiliations 

  • 1 Department of Computer System and Technology, Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, University of Malaya (UM), Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
  • 2 College of Computing and Informatics, Department of Computer Science, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, UAE
Sensors (Basel), 2020 Sep 21;20(18).
PMID: 32967124 DOI: 10.3390/s20185393

Abstract

The domain of underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs) had received a lot of attention recently due to its significant advanced capabilities in the ocean surveillance, marine monitoring and application deployment for detecting underwater targets. However, the literature have not compiled the state-of-the-art along its direction to discover the recent advancements which were fuelled by the underwater sensor technologies. Hence, this paper offers the newest analysis on the available evidences by reviewing studies in the past five years on various aspects that support network activities and applications in UWSN environments. This work was motivated by the need for robust and flexible solutions that can satisfy the requirements for the rapid development of the underwater wireless sensor networks. This paper identifies the key requirements for achieving essential services as well as common platforms for UWSN. It also contributes a taxonomy of the critical elements in UWSNs by devising a classification on architectural elements, communications, routing protocol and standards, security, and applications of UWSNs. Finally, the major challenges that remain open are presented as a guide for future research directions.

* Title and MeSH Headings from MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.