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Effect of Pharmacist-Led Intervention on Progression of Diabetic Complications at Two Tertiary Care Hospitals of Malaysia

Iqbal MZ 1 , Khan AH 1 , Sulaiman SAS 1 , Ibrahim A 2 , Azmi NSBY 3 , Iqbal MS 4 Show all authors , Al-Saikhan FI 4 , Khan SU 5 , Saad EMS 6

Affiliations 

  • 1 Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
  • 2 Physician for Endocrinology, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Hospital Sultan Abdul Halim, Sungai Petani, Kedah, Malaysia
  • 3 Physician for Endocrinology, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Hospital Sultanah Bahiyah, Alor Setar, Kedah, Malaysia
  • 4 Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-kharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia
  • 5 Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
  • 6 Department of Hospital and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Cyberjaya, Cyberjaya, Malaysia
J Pharm Bioallied Sci, 2021 05 26;13(2):193-198.
PMID: 34349479 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.JPBS_488_20

Abstract

Background and Objective: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease which can lead to different complications in patients if not treated properly. An appropriate intervention from health care providers is needed to stop and decrease the progression of diabetic complication in diabetic patients. This study aimed to measure the effect of pharmacist intervention on improvement in sign and symptoms and progression of diabetic complications in diabetic patients.

Methodology: Diabetic patients were randomly selected and divided into two groups from two tertiary care hospitals. Control group contained those 200 patients who were receiving usual treatment from hospitals. In contrast, the intervention group included those 200 patients who were receiving conventional treatment from hospitals together with separate counselling sessions with pharmacists from Diabetes Medication Therapy Adherence Clinic departments. The study continued for 1 year and two follow-up visits for both groups. A prevalidated data collection form was used to measure the improvement in sign and symptoms and progression of diabetic complication in diabetic patients. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 24 was used to analyze the data.

Results: The average hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) values decreased up to 1.43% in the control group and 2.82% in the intervention group. The intervention group showed significant improvement in HbA1c between groups (P < 0.05). The results of univariate and multivariate regression analysis showed that a statistically significant (P < 0.001) improvement was observed in all the predictors of diabetic complications among in the intervention group when compared with the control group.

Conclusion: Statistically significant reduction in the sign and symptoms of diabetic complications was observed in the intervention group at the end of 1 year. The progression of diabetic neuropathy was significantly reduced in the pharmacist intervention group.

* Title and MeSH Headings from MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

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