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Determinants of health-related quality of life among warfarin patients in Pakistan

Iqbal MS 1 , Muthanna FMS 2 , Kassab YW 3 , Hassali MA 4 , Al-Saikhan FI 1 , Iqbal MZ 5 Show all authors , Haseeb A 6 , Ahmed M 7 , Khan SU 8 , Naqvi AA 9 , Islam MA 9 , Ali M 6

Affiliations 

  • 1 Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-kharj, Saudi Arabia
  • 2 Faculty of Pharmacy, University Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
  • 3 Department of Hospital and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cyberjaya University College of Medical Sciences, Selangor, Malaysia
  • 4 Discipline of Social and Administrative Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
  • 5 Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, AIMST University, Kedah Darul Aman, Malaysia
  • 6 Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Al-Abdia Campus, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
  • 7 Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Al-Abdia Campus, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
  • 8 Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Al-Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
  • 9 Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdul Rehman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
PLoS One, 2020;15(6):e0234734.
PMID: 32555595 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234734

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: The effect of anticoagulation control on overall Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) in patients taking warfarin in Pakistan has not been explored yet. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate HRQoL among warfarin patients in Pakistan.

METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted among patients on warfarin in Pakistan. By purposive sampling, data were collected using demographic data collection form and the World Health Organization Quality of Life: Brief Version (WHOQOL-BREF). The WHOQOL-BREF is comprised of four domains; physical, psychological, social relationships, and environment. Descriptive and inferential statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 22.

RESULTS: Out of 295 warfarin patients, more females than males (<0.001) were observed (n = 184, 62.4%, and n = 111, 37.6% respectively). One hundred and eighteen (40.0%) patients were less than 30-years of age, whereas one hundred and seventy-seven (60.0%) patients were above 30-years of age. Mean scores for the physical (62.44±15.36), psychological (67.84±15.54), social (64.27±26.28) and environment domains (63.45±17.66) were observed.

CONCLUSION: Patients had overall lower to moderate but satisfactory HRQoL scores in all four domains. Age, gender, employment status, education level, the indication of use and duration of warfarin therapy was associated with one or more domains of HRQoL among warfarin patients. The findings of this study would serve as a primary database for future studies. This study highlights how non-clinical factors could impact HRQoL in studied patients.

* Title and MeSH Headings from MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

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