Affiliations 

  • 1 Department of Integrated Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Sicily Marine Centre, Lungomare Cristoforo Colombo (complesso Roosevelt), 90142 Palermo, Italy
  • 2 Laboratory of Ecology, Earth and Marine Sciences Department, University of Palermo Viale delle, Scienze Ed. 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy
  • 3 Aquaculture Laboratory, National Institute of Marine Science and Technology, 2025 Salammbo, Tunis, Tunisia
  • 4 Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas IIM-CSIC, Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208 Vigo, Spain
  • 5 Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries, Agricultural University of Tirana, Tirane, Albania
  • 6 Departamento de Ciencias, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Viña del Mar Chile & Millenium Institute for Coastal Socio-Ecology (SECOS), Chile
  • 7 Centro i-mar & CeBiB, Universidad de Los Lagos, Puerto Montt, Chile
  • 8 Institute of Marine Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP/IMar), Brazil
  • 9 The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
  • 10 Department of Applied Ecology, University of Dubrovnik, Ćira Carića 4, 20000 Dubrovnik, Croatia
  • 11 School of Natural Science, Technology and Environmental Studies, Södertörn University, Alfred Nobels allé 7, 141 89 Huddinge, Sweden
  • 12 Department of Biology, University of Patras, University Campus, Rio Achaias 26504, Greece
  • 13 Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
  • 14 Laboratory of Marine Ecology, Natural History Museum of Argentina, CONICET, Argentina
  • 15 Biological Oceanography Division, CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa 403004, India
  • 16 Department of Marine Science and Applied Biology, University of Alicante. Ap.C. 99. Spain
  • 17 Fisheries Application and Research Center & Department of Aquaculture, Eğirdir Faculty of Fisheries, Isparta University of Applied Sciences, Çünür, Isparta, Turkey
  • 18 Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Kräftriket 2B, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden and Beijer Institute of Ecological Economics, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, SE-104 05 Stockholm, Sweden
  • 19 Aquatic ecology Department, Faculty of Fish and Fisheries Technology, Aswan University, Egypt
  • 20 Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Terengganu, Malaysia
  • 21 Rhodes University, Department of Ichthyology and Fisheries Science, Grahamstown, South Africa
  • 22 Department of Biology and Friday Harbor Laboratories, University of Washington, 620 University Road, Friday Harbor, WA 98250, USA
  • 23 National Institute of Oceanography and Applied Geophysics - OGS, via A. Piccard 54, Trieste, 34151, Italy
  • 24 Northeastern University Marine Science Center, 430 Nahant Rd Nahant, MA 01908, USA
  • 25 South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, China
  • 26 MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculty of Science, University of Lisbon, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
  • 27 Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Italy
  • 28 Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Muğla Sıktı Koçman University, 48000 Muğla, Turkey
  • 29 Aquaculture Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Tigbauan, Iloilo 5021, Philippines
  • 30 Bachok Marine Research Station, Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaysia, 16310 Bachok Kelantan, Malaysia
  • 31 Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Norway
  • 32 Departamento de Ciencia Animal, Universitat Politècnica de València, Spain
  • 33 Institute of Anthropic Impact and Sustainability in Marine Environment, National Research Council (IAS-CNR), Lungomare Cristoforo Colombo 4521, 90142 Palermo, Italy
  • 34 International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED), London, United Kingdom
  • 35 Cawthron Institute, Aquaculture Group, Nelson, New Zealand
  • 36 NORCE Climate&Environment, Nygårdsgaten 112, 5008 Bergen, Norway
  • 37 Faculty of Natural Sciences and life, Department of Water and Environment, University Hassiba Benbouali of Chlef, Algeria
  • 38 Faculty of Science, Department of Oceanography, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
  • 39 Centre For Marine & Coastal Studies, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
  • 40 The Swire Institute of Marine Science and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong
Environ Sci Policy, 2022 Jan;127:98-110.
PMID: 34720746 DOI: 10.1016/j.envsci.2021.10.014

Abstract

The COVID-19 global pandemic has had severe, unpredictable and synchronous impacts on all levels of perishable food supply chains (PFSC), across multiple sectors and spatial scales. Aquaculture plays a vital and rapidly expanding role in food security, in some cases overtaking wild caught fisheries in the production of high-quality animal protein in this PFSC. We performed a rapid global assessment to evaluate the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and related emerging control measures on the aquaculture supply chain. Socio-economic effects of the pandemic were analysed by surveying the perceptions of stakeholders, who were asked to describe potential supply-side disruption, vulnerabilities and resilience patterns along the production pipeline with four main supply chain components: a) hatchery, b) production/processing, c) distribution/logistics and d) market. We also assessed different farming strategies, comparing land- vs. sea-based systems; extensive vs. intensive methods; and with and without integrated multi-trophic aquaculture, IMTA. In addition to evaluating levels and sources of economic distress, interviewees were asked to identify mitigation solutions adopted at local / internal (i.e., farm-site) scales, and to express their preference on national / external scale mitigation measures among a set of a priori options. Survey responses identified the potential causes of disruption, ripple effects, sources of food insecurity, and socio-economic conflicts. They also pointed to various levels of mitigation strategies. The collated evidence represents a first baseline useful to address future disaster-driven responses, to reinforce the resilience of the sector and to facilitate the design reconstruction plans and mitigation measures, such as financial aid strategies.

* Title and MeSH Headings from MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.