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  1. Fulltext Vivaray Hb pro non-invasive hemoglobin device: A prospective diagnostic accuracy study measuring agreement with a calibrated blood cell counter
    Kumar D, Kapoor S, Gowda A, Gupta D, Mittal H, Sood S
    PLoS One, 2026;21(11):e0353640.
    PMID: 42976121 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0353640
    BACKGROUND: Non-invasive hemoglobin measurement offers a painless and rapid alternative to conventional blood-based testing. The Vivaray Hb pro is a handheld photoplethysmography-based device designed for point-of-care hemoglobin assessment without blood sampling. We evaluated the clinical performance of the Vivaray Hb pro by comparing device-generated hemoglobin values with those obtained from a calibrated laboratory blood cell counter.

    METHODS: In this cross-sectional, non-randomized clinical performance study, participants aged ≥8 years were prospectively recruited. Hemoglobin was measured non-invasively using the Vivaray Hb pro and compared with venous blood samples analyzed on a calibrated Coulter counter. Agreement between methods was assessed using Bland-Altman analysis, including regression-based evaluation for proportional bias. Mean difference, mean absolute error (MAE) and proportions of measurements within tolerance limits were also calculated. Complete paired measurements were available for 763 individuals.

    RESULTS: Bland-Altman analysis returned a mean difference of -0.40 g/dL. The bias was hemoglobin-dependent, being higher than the true value at low hemoglobin levels and underestimation at higher levels. Regression-based analysis showed proportional bias (β1 = -0.178), indicating decreasing difference with increasing hemoglobin concentration. The MAE was 1.5 g/dL but was lower (1.2) in the clinically predominant ranges of 8.1-13 g/dL.

    CONCLUSION: The Vivaray Hb pro can function as a useful non-invsive screening and point-of-care assessment device for measuring hemoglobin, particularly in settings where rapid, painless and repeatable measurements are desirable.

  2. Fulltext The role of intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor injection in peripheral exudative hemorrhagic chorioretinopathy: A systematic review
    Gowda A, Bahrami B, Jie WWJ, Casson R, Chan WO
    Surv Ophthalmol, 2024;69(2):173-178.
    PMID: 37806565 DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2023.10.004
    Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) injections have revolutionized the field of ophthalmology, and their use in a variety of retinal diseases is growing. One target disease is peripheral exudative hemorrhagic chorioretinopathy, a disease that is uncommon and poorly understood. Despite this, there are numerous studies and case reports outlining the potential role of intravitreal injection of anti-VEGF medicines to treat it. As such, an evidence-based understanding of its risk-benefit profile is vital. We performed a comprehensive search in the PubMed, Google Scholar, and Cochrane databases for published studies and case reports relating to the use of anti-VEGF injections in peripheral exudative hemorrhagic chorioretinopathy. Anti-VEGF was first used in 2010 to aid in the management of peripheral exudative hemorrhagic chorioretinopathy. Since then, it has been increasingly used to manage this disease. Other potential management strategies, including laser photocoagulation, cryotherapy, photodynamic therapy, and vitrectomy are explored and compared with anti-VEGF where possible. Anti-VEGF appears to be an effective therapy in managing peripheral exudative hemorrhagic chorioretinopathy, especially when there is an exudative threat to the macula.
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