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  1. Evidence for the Higgs Boson Decay to a Z Boson and a Photon at the LHC
    Aad G, Abbott B, Abeling K, Abicht NJ, Abidi SH, Aboulhorma A, et al.
    Phys Rev Lett, 2024 Jan 12;132(2):021803.
    PMID: 38277607 DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.132.021803
    The first evidence for the Higgs boson decay to a Z boson and a photon is presented, with a statistical significance of 3.4 standard deviations. The result is derived from a combined analysis of the searches performed by the ATLAS and CMS Collaborations with proton-proton collision datasets collected at the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC) from 2015 to 2018. These correspond to integrated luminosities of around 140  fb^{-1} for each experiment, at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. The measured signal yield is 2.2±0.7 times the standard model prediction, and agrees with the theoretical expectation within 1.9 standard deviations.
  2. Fulltext Reliability and limitations of permanent tooth staging techniques
    Abdul Rahim AH, Davies JA, Liversidge HM
    Forensic Sci Int, 2023 May;346:111654.
    PMID: 37011430 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2023.111654
    Reliability, or repeatability, of permanent tooth staging techniques is usually expressed as Cohen's Kappa. This single value obscures information about the quantity and allocation of disagreements. In this study we assess and compare intra-observer reliability of permanent tooth staging techniques described by Nolla, Moorrees et al. and Demirjian et al. The sample was panoramic radiographs of healthy dental patients made up of 100 males and 100 females aged 6-15 years. All permanent teeth on the left side (excluding third molars) were scored twice. Weighted Kappa and percentage agreement were calculated. Results show Kappa values for all teeth combined as 0.918, 0.922 and 0.938 for Demirjian (number of teeth N = 2682), Nolla (N = 2698) and Moorrees (N = 2674) respectively. A comparison of Kappa values between upper and lower teeth showed marginally higher values for upper incisors and lower molar for all three scoring methods. Small differences in Kappa values were noted between tooth types with the upper first molar having smaller values than other teeth. Percentage agreement ranged from 81 % (Moorrees), 86 % (Nolla) to 87 % (Demirjian). Tooth stage differences between first and second assessments were not more than one stage. Our findings show that Demirjian scoring is marginally more reliable than Nolla or Moorrees. We suggest that (1) data for reliability are tabulated in full to show the quantity and allocation of disagreement between first and second readings, and (2) that the reliability sample is sufficiently large with a wide age range to include multiple different tooth stages.
  3. Comparison of prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections in school children in Kuala Lumpur
    Abdulla MA, Khairul Anuar A, Khalifa S, Salmah I, Suzainur KAR, Mohamad Nazmul HM, et al.
    JUMMEC, 2002;7:118-121.
    A comparative study was carried out to identify the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infestation among students in 3 different types of primary school localed in Ampang area, Kuala Lumpur. A survey of infection rate was done from April 10 June 2001. Stool samples were randomly collected from one·hundred and eleven schoolchildren aged 9-12 years were examined for intestinal parasites, using a light microscope (or direct smear and after concentration for formol-either method. It was found that an overall prevalence of intestinal parasite infection of schoolchildren was 51%. The infection rate of males and females was (60.3%) and (29.2%) respectively. Prevalence seems to be higher in the younger age groups. Also, the usual intestinal parasites were found more commonly in local and foreign schools than international schooL The local school had the highest prevalence (62%), followed by the foreign school (52%) and international school (38.9%). The prevalence in the international school was much lower compared to the local and foreign schools. KEYWORDS: Intestinal parasites, faecal samples, prevalence, schoolchildren
  4. Experimental larval infestation of zebu cattle and its crosses: effect of antihistamine alone or in combination with dexamethasone treatment on the engorgement and oviposition on tick feeding lesion
    Abdulla MA, Khairul Anuar A, Khalifa S, Salmah I, Mohamad Nazmul HM, Suzainur KAR, et al.
    JUMMEC, 2002;7:135-141.
    Four calves from each group of purebred Kedah kelantan (KK), halfbred KK X Friesian, and quarterbred KK X Friesian were experimentally infested with Boophilus micropills larvae. Two calves from each genotype were injected, intramuscularly with antihistamine while the remaining two animals in each genotype received the same dose of antihistamine and dexamethasone. Dexamethasone combined anti-histamine treatment suppress tick resistance as manifested by the production of higher number of engorged female ticks, higher mean weight of replete ticks, mean weight of eggs and mean number of larvae hatched from 1 g of eggs. In anti-histamine treated animals there was no reduction of resistant in all animals as manifested by a few ticks were able to feed successfully. At 1, 2, and 3 hours post-larval attachment in anti-histamine and dexamethasone treated cattle there was complete ablation of the cellular infiltration in the dermis beneath the tick mouthparts, especially eosinophil and basophils. There was little destruction of tissue. However, in anti-histamine treated cattle there were more cellular infiltration and degranulation in the dermis. The cells infiltrating the dermis were mainly eosinophils followed by neutrophs, mast cells and basophils and some of these cells showed sign of degranulation. At 24 hours postlarval attachment, animals lTeated with anti-histamine and dexamethasone showed reduction of, cellular infiltration, degranulation, size of the epidermal lesion and tissue damage. The neutrophils were the predominant cells within the epidermal lesions. However, animals in anti-histamine treatment showed edema, more cellular infiltration and degranulation, and destruction of tissues as compared to antihistamine and dexamethasone treated animals. In anti-histamine treated cattle the epidermal lesions were obviously larger and the percentage of eosinophils and basophils were higher than those of antihistamine and dexamethasone treated animals. KEYWORDS: Kedah-Kelantan cattle, KK X Friesian callie, B. micropflls, dexamethasone, antihistamine, cellular response.
  5. Fulltext Enucleation in a Cownose Ray (Rhinoptera bonasus)
    Abraham Gabriel A, Yee-Nin ST, Adamu L, Hassan HMD, Wahid AH
    Case Rep Vet Med, 2018;2018:5048948.
    PMID: 29955436 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5048948
    Trauma is a common problem in Cownose Ray during mating season in both wild and captive rays. Enucleation is indicated when there is an ocular trauma. A 5-year-old female Cownose Ray (Rhinoptera bonasus) from Aquaria of Kuala Lumpur Convention Centre (KLCC) was presented to University Veterinary Hospital (UVH), Universiti Putra Malaysia, with a complaint of protruding left eye, which resulted from crushing into artificial coral during mating season. There were a hyphema in the traumatic left eye, periorbital tissue tear, exposed left eye socket, and multiple abrasions on both pectoral fins. The Cownose was anaesthetized and maintained with isoeugenol and on-field emergency enucleation of the left eye was performed. It was managed medically with postoperative enrofloxacin, tobramycin ointment, and povidone iodine. No suture breakdown and secondary infection were observed at day 7 after enucleation during revisit. At day 24 after enucleation, the Cownose responded well to treatment with excellent healing progression and no surgical complication was observed.
  6. First Evidence for cos2β>0 and Resolution of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa Quark-Mixing Unitarity Triangle Ambiguity
    Adachi I, Adye T, Ahmed H, Ahn JK, Aihara H, Akar S, et al.
    Phys Rev Lett, 2018 Dec 28;121(26):261801.
    PMID: 30636113 DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.121.261801
    We present first evidence that the cosine of the CP-violating weak phase 2β is positive, and hence exclude trigonometric multifold solutions of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa (CKM) Unitarity Triangle using a time-dependent Dalitz plot analysis of B^{0}→D^{(*)}h^{0} with D→K_{S}^{0}π^{+}π^{-} decays, where h^{0}∈{π^{0},η,ω} denotes a light unflavored and neutral hadron. The measurement is performed combining the final data sets of the BABAR and Belle experiments collected at the ϒ(4S) resonance at the asymmetric-energy B factories PEP-II at SLAC and KEKB at KEK, respectively. The data samples contain (471±3)×10^{6}BB[over ¯] pairs recorded by the BABAR detector and (772±11)×10^{6}BB[over ¯] pairs recorded by the Belle detector. The results of the measurement are sin2β=0.80±0.14(stat)±0.06(syst)±0.03(model) and cos2β=0.91±0.22(stat)±0.09(syst)±0.07(model). The result for the direct measurement of the angle β of the CKM Unitarity Triangle is β=[22.5±4.4(stat)±1.2(syst)±0.6(model)]°. The measurement assumes no direct CP violation in B^{0}→D^{(*)}h^{0} decays. The quoted model uncertainties are due to the composition of the D^{0}→K_{S}^{0}π^{+}π^{-} decay amplitude model, which is newly established by performing a Dalitz plot amplitude analysis using a high-statistics e^{+}e^{-}→cc[over ¯] data sample. CP violation is observed in B^{0}→D^{(*)}h^{0} decays at the level of 5.1 standard deviations. The significance for cos2β>0 is 3.7 standard deviations. The trigonometric multifold solution π/2-β=(68.1±0.7)° is excluded at the level of 7.3 standard deviations. The measurement resolves an ambiguity in the determination of the apex of the CKM Unitarity Triangle.
  7. Nitrogen doped titanium dioxide as an aesthetic antimicrobial filler in dental polymers
    Ahmad Fauzi NA, Ireland AJ, Sherriff M, Bandara HMHN, Su B
    Dent Mater, 2021 Nov 23.
    PMID: 34836699 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2021.10.019
    OBJECTIVE: To develop an aesthetic resin composite using a nitrogen-doped titanium dioxide (NTiO2) filler that possesses antimicrobial properties against cariogenic bacteria.

    METHODS: N-TiO2 powder was manufactured by calcining commercial TiO2 with urea. Free radical release from the N-TiO2 powder under visible light irradiation was analysed using UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The N-TiO2 powder was incorporated into a dental resin and the photocatalytic activity assessed using a dye under both visible light and dark conditions. Using XTT assay to measure the cellular metabolic activity, the antibacterial properties of the N-TiO2 /resin composite discs were tested using Streptococcus mutans.

    RESULTS: Doping nitrogen of TiO2 resulted in a band gap shift towards the visible light spectrum, which enabled the powder to release reactive oxygen species when exposed to visible light. When incorporated into a dental resin, the N-TiO2/resin composite still demonstrated sustained release of reactive oxygen species, maintaining its photocatalytic activity and showing an antibacterial effect towards Streptococcus mutans under visible light conditions.

    SIGNIFICANCE: N-TiO2 filled resin composite shows great promise as a potential aesthetic resin based adhesive for orthodontic bonding.

  8. Isolation of Moraxella catarrhalis from sputum specimens of Malaysian patients
    Ahmad N, Cheong YM, Tahir HM
    Malays J Pathol, 1994 Jun;16(1):63-7.
    PMID: 16329578
    Moraxella catarrhalis has gained reputation as a pathogen in the lower respiratory tract especially in patients with underlying chronic lung diseases. It is considered significant when isolated from sputum specimens of adults with respiratory tract infections. A study was carried out to determine the prevalence of Moraxella catarrhalis isolated in sputum specimens and beta-lactamase production of these isolates. Sputum specimens sent to the Bacteriology division, Institute for Medical Research from April 1990 until April 1993 were screened for Moraxella catarrhalis. A total of 1678 sputum specimens were processed and Moraxella catarrhalis was isolated from 15 (0.89%) of the sputum specimens. Six out of 15 (40%) were isolated from patients with chronic lung disease. Eight out of 15 (47%) were beta-lactamase producers. Moraxella catarrhalis isolated in good-quality sputum must not be disregarded and should be looked for especially in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Beta-lactamase production should be tested on all isolates so that appropriate treatment can be given. All the isolates in this study were sensitive to cotrimoxazole.
  9. Fulltext Curculigo recurvata W.T.Aiton exhibits anti-nociceptive and anti-diarrheal effects in Albino mice and an in silico model
    Ahmad S, Nasrin MS, Reza ASMA, Chakrabarty N, Hoque MA, Islam S, et al.
    Animal Model Exp Med, 2020 Jun;3(2):169-181.
    PMID: 32613176 DOI: 10.1002/ame2.12119
    BACKGROUND: Curculigo recurvata (C. recurvata) is an enthnomedicinally important herb reported to have significant medicinal values. The present study aimed to explore the in vivo and in silico anti-nociceptive and anti-diarrheal effects of a C. recurvate rhizome methanol extract (Me-RCR).

    METHODS: The analgesic effects of Me-RCR were assessed using acetic acid-induced writhing and the formalin-induced flicking test. The drugs were administered intraperitoneally (IP) at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight (bw). Anti-diarrheal activity was evaluated by assessing intestinal motility, hypersecretion, and fecal score in mice at oral doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg·bw. Computer facilitated analyses for anti-nociceptive and anti-diarrheal activities of three isolated compounds from C. recurvata were undertaken to identify the best-fit phytoconstituents.

    RESULTS: The Me-RCR showed significant (P 

  10. Rubber dam application in endodontic practice: an update on critical educational and ethical dilemmas
    Ahmed HM, Cohen S, Lévy G, Steier L, Bukiet F
    Aust Dent J, 2014 Dec;59(4):457-63.
    PMID: 25091028 DOI: 10.1111/adj.12210
    Proper isolation is an essential prerequisite for successful endodontic treatment. This article aims to provide an update on the prevalence of rubber dam (RD) use, and the role of education along with attitudes of general dental practitioners (GDPs) and patients towards the application of RD in endodontics. Critical ethical issues are also highlighted. Using certain keywords, an electronic search was conducted spanning the period from January 1983 to April 2013 to identify the available related investigations, and the pooled data were then analysed. The results show that although RD is the Standard of Care in endodontic practice, there is a clear discrepancy in what GDPs are taught in dental school and what they practice after graduation. There is little scientific evidence to support the application of RD; however, patient safety and clinical practice guidelines indicate that it is unnecessary and unethical to consider a cohort study to prove what is already universally agreed upon. A few clinical situations may require special management which should be highlighted in the current guidelines. This would pave the way for clear and straightforward universal guidelines.
  11. Anatomical challenges, electronic working length determination and current developments in root canal preparation of primary molar teeth
    Ahmed HM
    Int Endod J, 2013 Nov;46(11):1011-22.
    PMID: 23711096 DOI: 10.1111/iej.12134
    Paediatric endodontics is an integral part of dental practice that aims to preserve fully functional primary teeth in the dental arch. Pulpectomy of primary molars presents a unique challenge for dental practitioners. Negotiation and thorough instrumentation of bizarre and tortuous canals encased in roots programmed for physiological resorption are the main challenges for this treatment approach. Consequently, numerous in vitro and in vivo studies have been conducted to validate the application of some contemporary endodontic armamentarium for effective treatment in primary molars whilst maintaining favourable clinical outcomes. Electronic apex locators, rotary nickel-titanium files and irrigation techniques are at the forefront of endodontic armamentarium in paediatric dentistry. Hence, this review aims to map out the root and root canal morphology of primary molars, to discuss the application of electronic apex locators in primary molars and to provide an update on the preparation of their root canal systems.
  12. Discolouration potential of endodontic procedures and materials: a review
    Ahmed HM, Abbott PV
    Int Endod J, 2012 Oct;45(10):883-97.
    PMID: 22621247 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2591.2012.02071.x
    Advances in endodontic materials and techniques are at the forefront of endodontic research. Despite continuous improvements, tooth discolouration, especially in anterior teeth, is considered an undesirable consequence following endodontic treatment as it creates a range of aesthetic problems. This article aims to discuss the intrinsic and internalized tooth discolouration caused by endodontic procedures, and to address the discolouration potential of materials used during root canal treatment, including root canal irrigants, intra-canal medicaments, endodontic and post-endodontic filling materials. In addition, the discolouration patterns caused by combined endodontic and nonendodontic aetiological factors are discussed. The recommended guidelines that should be followed by dental practitioners to prevent and manage tooth discolouration are also outlined.
  13. Fulltext Accessory roots in maxillary molar teeth: a review and endodontic considerations
    Ahmed HM, Abbott PV
    Aust Dent J, 2012 Jun;57(2):123-31; quiz 248.
    PMID: 22624750 DOI: 10.1111/j.1834-7819.2012.01678.x
    Maxillary molar teeth may have accessory roots. The aim of this paper is to review and discuss the endodontic implications of this anatomical variation. A review of the literature was undertaken to identify studies and reported cases where accessory roots have been recorded in maxillary molar teeth. The results show that although the prevalence of accessory roots in maxillary molar teeth is low, they can exist in all three types of maxillary molar teeth, and they may be located palatally, buccally, mesially or distally. Hence, it is essential that dentists undertaking root canal treatment thoroughly assess all teeth to determine how many roots are present in order to provide the best possible outcome of treatment for the patient.
  14. Accessory roots and root canals in human anterior teeth: a review and clinical considerations
    Ahmed HM, Hashem AA
    Int Endod J, 2016 Aug;49(8):724-36.
    PMID: 26174943 DOI: 10.1111/iej.12508
    Anterior teeth may have aberrant anatomical variations in the number of roots and root canals. A review of the literature was conducted using appropriate key words in major endodontic journals to identify the available reported cases as well as experimental and clinical investigations on accessory roots and root canals in anterior teeth. After retrieving the full text of related articles, cross-citations were identified, and the pooled data were then discussed. Results revealed a higher prevalence in accessory root/root canal variations in mandibular anterior teeth than in maxillary counterparts. However, maxillary incisor teeth revealed the highest tendency for accessory root/root canal aberrations caused by anomalies such as dens invaginatus and palato-gingival groove. Primary anterior teeth may also exhibit external and internal anatomical variations in the root, especially maxillary canines. Therefore, dental practitioners should thoroughly assess all teeth scheduled for root canal treatment to prevent the undesirable consequences caused by inadequate debridement of accessory configurations of the root canal system.
  15. Application of a new system for classifying tooth, root and canal morphology in the primary dentition
    Ahmed HMA, Musale PK, El Shahawy OI, Dummer PMH
    Int Endod J, 2020 Jan;53(1):27-35.
    PMID: 31390075 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13199
    Knowledge of root and canal morphology is essential for the effective practice of root canal treatment. Paediatric endodontics aims to preserve fully functional primary teeth in the dental arch; however, pulpectomy procedures in bizarre and tortuous canals encased in roots programmed for physiologic resorption are unique challenges. A new coding system for classifying the roots and main canals (https://doi.org/10.1111/iej.12685), accessory canals (https://doi.org/10.1111/iej.12800) and developmental anomalies (https://doi.org/10.1111/iej.12867) has been introduced recently. This paper discusses challenges for describing root and canal morphology in primary teeth and describes the potential application of the new classification system for root canals in the primary dentition.
  16. The abilities of three Nickel-Titanium mechanized systems to negotiate and shape MB2 canals in extracted maxillary first molars-a Micro-Computed Tomographic study
    Ahmed HMA
    Int Endod J, 2019 Nov;52(11):1671-1672.
    PMID: 31592539 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13196
  17. Application of a new system for classifying root and canal anatomy in studies involving micro-computed tomography and cone beam computed tomography: Explanation and elaboration
    Ahmed HMA, Ibrahim N, Mohamad NS, Nambiar P, Muhammad RF, Yusoff M, et al.
    Int Endod J, 2021 Jul;54(7):1056-1082.
    PMID: 33527452 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13486
    Adequate knowledge and accurate characterization of root and canal anatomy is an essential prerequisite for successful root canal treatment and endodontic surgery. Over the years, an ever-increasing body of knowledge related to root and canal anatomy of the human dentition has accumulated. To correct deficiencies in existing systems, a new coding system for classifying root and canal morphology, accessory canals and anomalies has been introduced. In recent years, micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) have been used extensively to study the details of root and canal anatomy in extracted teeth and within clinical settings. This review aims to discuss the application of the new coding system in studies using micro-CT and CBCT, provide a detailed guide for appropriate characterization of root and canal anatomy and to discuss several controversial issues that may appear as potential limitations for proper characterization of roots and canals.
  18. A new system for classifying root and root canal morphology
    Ahmed HMA, Versiani MA, De-Deus G, Dummer PMH
    Int Endod J, 2017 Aug;50(8):761-770.
    PMID: 27578418 DOI: 10.1111/iej.12685
    Knowledge of root and root canal morphology is a prerequisite for effective nonsurgical and surgical endodontic treatments. The external and internal morphological features of roots are variable and complex, and several classifications have been proposed to define the various types of canal configurations that occur commonly. More recently, improvements in nondestructive digital image systems, such as cone-beam and micro-computed tomography, as well as the use of magnification in clinical practice, have increased the number of reports on complex root canal anatomy. Importantly, using these newer techniques, it has become apparent that it is not possible to classify many root canal configurations using the existing systems. The purpose of this article is to introduce a new classification system that can be adapted to categorize root and root canal configurations in an accurate, simple and reliable manner that can be used in research, clinical practice and training.
  19. A new system for classifying accessory canal morphology
    Ahmed HMA, Neelakantan P, Dummer PMH
    Int Endod J, 2018 Feb;51(2):164-176.
    PMID: 28635100 DOI: 10.1111/iej.12800
    Thorough knowledge of anatomical complexities of the root canal system has a direct impact on the effectiveness of canal preparation and filling, and is an essential prerequisite for successful root canal treatment. A wide range of complex variations in root canal anatomy exists, including root canal configuration type, developmental anomalies and minor canal morphology such as accessory canals and apical deltas. Accessory canals and apical deltas have been associated with pulp disease, primary canal infection, canal reinfection and post-treatment disease. The current definitions of accessory canal anatomy are not standardized and potentially confusing. Given their role in endodontic disease and their impact on treatment outcomes, there is a need to have a simple classification of their anatomy to provide an accurate description of their position and path from the canal to the external surface of the root. The purpose of this article is to introduce a new system for classifying accessory canal morphology for use in research, clinical practice and training.
  20. Reply to the editor
    Ahmed HMA, Versiani MA, De-Deus G, Dummer PMH
    Int Endod J, 2018 Oct;51(10):1182-1183.
    PMID: 30191599 DOI: 10.1111/iej.12928
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