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Fulltext One-time prolonged ultrasound exposure during early pregnancy affects bone strength in young aged Oryctolagus cuniculus

Che Isa, I.N., Md Dom, S., Abdul Razak, H.R., Hashim, U.F.

Pertanika Journal of Science & Technology, 2017;25(1):359-370.
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The use of prenatal ultrasound has become controversial as it is increasingly being performed for business
and social interests rather than for medical use. This nonmedical use of the modality has violated the
US FDA guideline. Ultrasound scans have been proven to increase temperature in insonated tissue and
their effects have been investigated via phantom and animal experiments. Absorption coefficient of the
bone is the highest compared with any other structure. Thus, exposure to ultrasound, especially during
osteogenesis, can cause significant damage to developing foetus. Twenty-two pregnant does of known
gestation were enrolled in the control and experimental groups. No exposure was given to the control
group while the experimental groups were exposed accordingly to the prenatal ultrasound in the 1st,
2nd and 3rd stage for 30, 60 and 90 minutes respectively. A total of 142 subjects aged between 1 and 5
months were analysed for bone strength. The Tb.Th of the experimental group was reduced significantly
as compared to the control group. Po, TMD and empty lacunae were higher in the experimental group.
It is thus concluded that one-time prenatal ultrasound can affect bone strength in young subjects.
Fulltext Prenatal ultrasound heating impacts on fluctuations in haematological analysis of Oryctolagus cuniculus

Ahmad Zaiki FW, Md Dom S, Abdul Razak HR, Hassan HF

Quant Imaging Med Surg, 2013 Oct;3(5):262-8.
PMID: 24273744 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2223-4292.2013.10.05

Prenatal Ultrasound (US) is commonly used as a routine procedure on pregnant women. It is generally perceived as a safe procedure due to the use of non-ionizing radiation. However, the neurotoxicity of diagnostic prenatal US was detected to have a correlation with high susceptibility to early developing fetus. This research involved in vivo experimental model by using 3(rd) trimester pregnant Oryctolagus cuniculus and exposing them to US exposures for 30, 60, and 90 minutes at their gestational day (GD) 28-29. The output power and intensities, spatial peak temporal average intensity (ISPTA) of US were varied from 0.4 to 0.7 W and 0.13 to 0.19 W/cm(2) respectively were tested initially in free-field, water. Haematological analysis was carried out to detect any changes in blood constituents. Statistically significant differences were detected in red blood cell (RBC) count (P<0.001), haemoglobin (Hb) concentration (P<0.001) and also platelet (PLT) count (P<0.001) in newborn of Oryctolagus cuniculus. These findings indicate the possibility of US heating in causing defects on studied animal.
Fulltext Ficus deltoidea promotes bone formation in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

Samsulrizal N, Goh YM, Ahmad H, Md Dom S, Azmi NS, NoorMohamad Zin NS, et al.

Pharm Biol, 2021 Dec;59(1):66-73.
PMID: 33399485 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2020.1865411

CONTEXT: Diabetes mellitus increases the risk of bone diseases including osteoporosis and osteoarthritis. We have previously demonstrated that Ficus deltoidea Jack (Moraceae) is capable of reducing hyperglycaemia. However, whether F. deltoidea could protect against diabetic osteoporosis remains to be determined.
OBJECTIVE: The study examines the effect of F. deltoidea on bone histomorphometric parameters, oxidative stress, and turnover markers in diabetic rats.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 6 animals per group) received one of the following treatments via gavage for 8 weeks: saline (diabetic control), metformin (1000 mg/kg bwt), and methanol leaves extract of F. deltoidea (1000 mg/kg bwt). A group of healthy rats served as normal control. The femoral bones were excised and scanned ex vivo using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) for histomorphometric analysis. The serum levels of insulin, oxidative stress, and bone turnover markers were determined by ELISA assays.
RESULTS: Treatment of diabetic rats with F. deltoidea could significantly increase bone mineral density (BMD) (from 526.98 ± 11.87 to 637.74 ± 3.90). Higher levels of insulin (2.41 ± 0.08 vs. 1.58 ± 0.16), osteocalcin (155.66 ± 4.11 vs. 14.35 ± 0.97), and total bone n-3 PUFA (2.34 ± 0.47 vs. 1.44 ± 0.18) in parallel with the presence of chondrocyte hypertrophy were also observed following F. deltoidea treatment compared to diabetic control.
CONCLUSIONS: F. deltoidea could prevent diabetic osteoporosis by enhancing osteogenesis and inhibiting bone oxidative stress. These findings support the potential use of F. deltoidea for osteoporosis therapy in diabetes.
Fulltext Ultrasound exposure during pregnancy affects rabbit foetal parathyroid hormone (PTH) level

Md Dom S, Abdul Razak HR, Ahmad Zaiki FW, Saat NH, Abd Manan K, Che Isa IN, et al.

Quant Imaging Med Surg, 2013 Feb;3(1):49-53.
PMID: 23483040 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2223-4292.2013.02.06

The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in parathyroid hormone (PTH) level of rabbit foetal bodies exposed to ultrasound at different gestational stages. A total of 9 pregnant rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) were insonated for 60 minutes at the middle of 1(st), 2(nd) and 3(rd) gestational stages for group A (n=14 newborns), group B (n=7 newborns) and group C (n=24 newborns) respectively. Seven pregnant rabbits with 41 newborns severed as negative control group. Blood samples were withdrawn from each newborn rabbits for Parathyroid Hormone-Intact (PTH-I) test. Results of the independent samples t-test implied statistically significant differences (P<0.05) between the control group and the 1(st) stage (P=0.001), the 2(nd) stage (P<0.001) and the 3(rd) stage group (P<0.001). This in-vivo study revealed diagnostic ultrasound heating has the potential of affecting foetal PTH level. This study observed significantly low PTH level for all the treated groups. A further study should be instituted to determine whether this finding in rabbit may also occur in human by means of clinical trials.