The new complexes [CuL2
(H2
O)2
] and [FeL2
(CH3
O)2
] in which L =
β-mangostin were synthesised and characterised. The structure of the
ligand, β-mangostin was confirmed using NMR and the purity of ligand
was determined using HPLC. Both Cu(II) and Fe(II) complexes were
prepared by reaction between the ligand and the acetate of the metals in
one-step reaction. The synthesised compounds have been characterised
using UV-Visible, FTIR and CHNS analyser. Ligand and metal complexes
were tested against bacteria to assess on their antimicrobial properties using
Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MICs) and Minimum Bactericidal
Concentrations (MBCs) method. The elemental analysis and spectra data
suggested octahedral geometry for both Cu(II) and Fe(II) complexes. The
IR spectroscopy revealed that the chelation of Cu2+ and Fe2+ ion occurred
with hydroxyl and carbonyl group at C9
and C1 respectively of β-mangostin.
Both Cu(II) and Fe(II) complexes showed stronger inhibition against
Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus vulgaris, Klebsiella pneumoniae and
Salmonella pneumonia at concentration 900 mg/mL and Escherichia coli
at 450 mg/mL compared to the ligand itself
Genus Calophyllum from the family of Calophyllaceae is an evergreen broad-leaved tree that is endemic to Southeast Asia, especially Malaysia. They have been reported for various ethnomedicinal uses in traditional medicine. Previous studies of Malaysian Calophyllum species revealed them to be a rich source of bioactive phytoconstituents such as xanthones, coumarins, terpenoids, and chromanone acids. To date, the extracts and compounds from Malaysian Calophyllum species have shown a broad spectrum of pharmacological activities. For example, calanolide A, a coumarin isolated from Malaysian C. lanigerum, has now reached clinical development to become an anti-HIV drug. This article presents an overview of the significant phytochemical and pharmacological activities of Malaysian Calophyllum species to aid researchers in further discovery of potential benefits of various species of this genus.
The transformation of primary metabolites into secondary metabolites is a natural process that results in the formation of secondary metabolites, which are also referred to as natural products. Among the secondary metabolites that are highly isolated from the Guttiferae family, xanthones is one of the most significant ones. Rubraxanthone (1) is a xanthone that was successfully extracted from Guttiferae. The biological synthesis of this prenylated xanthone occurs through the shikimate pathway with L-phenylalanine as the precursor. It has been reported that rubraxanthone possesses a wide range of valuable biological activities, including antibacterial, anti-cancer, and antiplatelet characteristics. This review emphasized the significance of rubraxanthone as a secondary metabolite in Guttiferae, identifying it as a potential compound in pharmaceutical, botany, and chemistry with account its biological properties and future research pathway.