MyMedR

Fulltext Abnormal muscle in the anterior compartment of the forearm: a case report

Rodrigues V, Nayak SB, Rao MK, Vollala V, Somayaji N, Rao AS

Cases J, 2009;2:9125.

PMID: 20062702 DOI: 10.1186/1757-1626-2-9125

During routine dissection for the undergraduate medical students, we encountered an unusual, additional muscle in the anterior compartment of the forearm. This muscle took origin from the anterior surface of the radius in common with the flexor digitorum superficialis muscle. It had a tendon of origin and a tendon of insertion. Its fleshy radial belly and the tendon of insertion, crossed superficial to the median nerve. The muscle was inserted partly to the flexor retinaculum and partly to the undersurface of palmar aponeurosis. The observations made by us in the present case will supplement our knowledge of variations of the muscles in this region which could be useful for hand surgeons as it could possibly compress the median nerve because of its close relationship to it.

Fulltext Is There a Correlation between Languages Spoken and Intricate Movements of Tongue? A Comparative Study of Various Movements of Tongue among the Three Ethnic Races of Malaysia

Nayak SB, Awal MB, Han CW, Sivaram G, Vigneswaran T, Choon TL, et al.

J Clin Diagn Res, 2016 Jan;10(1):AC08-11.

PMID: 26894051 DOI: 10.7860/JCDR/2016/16669.7156

Tongue is mainly used for taste, chewing and in speech. In the present study, we focused on the secondary function of the tongue as to how it is used in phonetic pronunciation and linguistics and how these factors affect tongue movements.

Fulltext Solitary osteochondroma in the body of the pubic bone: a cadaveric case report

Nayak SB, Kumar N, Sirasanagandla SR, Srinivas SP, Pamidi N, Shetty SD

Anat Cell Biol, 2018 Jun;51(2):136-138.

PMID: 29984059 DOI: 10.5115/acb.2018.51.2.136

Osteochondromas develop as cartilaginous nodules in the periosteum of bones. They are the commonest benign tumors of the skeleton, generally observed in the long bones. Rarely, they are also found in the axial skeleton, flat bones of skull and facial bones. During a regular dissection, we came across a solitary osteochondroma in posterior surface of the body of the right pubic bone. Histopathology of the bony projection confirmed the typical features of the osteochondroma. The symptomatic osteochondromas are usually evaluated during radiographic examination. Though, the observed osteochondroma is relatively smaller its unusual location is remarkable and knowledge of occurrence of such nodules is clinically important during the diagnosis and planning of treatment.

Variant origin of an arterial trunk from axillary artery continuing as profunda brachii artery--a unique arterial variation in the axilla and its clinical implications

Naveen K, Jyothsna P, Nayak SB, Mohandas RK, Swamy RS, Deepthinath R, et al.

Ethiop J Health Sci, 2014 Jan;24(1):93-6.

PMID: 24591805

BACKGROUND: Axillary artery is known to show different variations mostly in its branching pattern. Similarly, the origin of profunda brachii is often encountered with abnormality. Therefore, when the vascular variations in the upper limb persist, mostly it is confined to its branching pattern followed by its variant origin. But, among all the reported variations of profunda brachii, its variant origin from the 3rd part of the axillary artery with common trunk for the branches of axillary artery is unique.

CASE DETAILS: We report here an anomalous origin of profunda brachii as continuation of an arterial trunk arising from 3rd part of the axillary artery. This common trunk at its commencement passed between 2 roots of median nerve and gave branches of 3rd part of axillary artery before it continued as profunda brachii artery. The further course and branching pattern of profunda brachii were normal.

CONCLUSION: Since the axillary artery is next choice of artery for arterial cannulation in cardiopulmonary bypass procedures, prior knowledge of existence of such variation in its branching pattern helps in avoiding possible diagnostic or interventional therapeutic errors.

Radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation-induced behavioral changes and their possible basis

Narayanan SN, Jetti R, Kesari KK, Kumar RS, Nayak SB, Bhat PG

Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 2019 Oct;26(30):30693-30710.

PMID: 31463749 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06278-5

The primary objective of mobile phone technology is to achieve communication with any person at any place and time. In the modern era, it is impossible to ignore the usefulness of mobile phone technology in cases of emergency as many lives have been saved. However, the biological effects they may have on humans and other animals have been largely ignored and not been evaluated comprehensively. One of the reasons for this is the speedy uncontrollable growth of this technology which has surpassed our researching ability. Initiated with the first generation, the mobile telephony currently reaches to its fifth generation without being screened extensively for any biological effects that they may have on humans or on other animals. Mounting evidences suggest possible non-thermal biological effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation (RF-EMR) on brain and behavior. Behavioral studies have particularly concentrated on the effects of RF-EMR on learning, memory, anxiety, and locomotion. The literature analysis on behavioral effects of RF-EMR demonstrates complex picture with conflicting observations. Nonetheless, numerous reports suggest a possible behavioral effect of RF-EMR. The scientific findings about this issue are presented in the current review. The possible neural and molecular mechanisms for the behavioral effects have been proposed in the light of available evidences from the literature.

Anomalous Course of Facial Artery Through the Submandibular Gland and its Redundant Loop at the Base of Mandible

Nayak SB, Vasudeva SK, Pamidi N, Sirasanagandla SR

J Craniofac Surg, 2020 Oct;31(7):2015-2016.

PMID: 32472879 DOI: 10.1097/SCS.0000000000006539

Knowledge of variant course and branching pattern of the facial artery gains importance in the surgeries of upper neck and face. The authors report a unilateral anomalous course and a redundant loop of right facial artery as seen in an adult male cadaver. The right facial artery had its origin from the external carotid artery. It pierced through the submandibular salivary gland and formed a redundant loop at the base of the mandible. Its further course and branching pattern was normal. This case could be important for radiologists, plastic surgeons and craniofacial surgeons.

Unusual contribution of the first jejunal vein in the formation of the portal vein

Nayak SB, Shetty SD, Packirisamy V, Vasudeva SK

Morphologie, 2021 May 05.

PMID: 33965324 DOI: 10.1016/j.morpho.2021.04.003

Jejunum is drained into superior mesenteric vein through a series of jejunal veins. The way in which the first jejunal vein terminates is of great importance in upper abdominal surgery and radiological procedures. Knowledge of its variations is particularly important in surgical procedures like orthotropic hepatic transplantation, hepatic vein reconstruction, pancreatic surgery and surgical procedures of duodenojejunal junction. We saw a first jejunal vein opening directly into the portal vein. Further, the inferior mesenteric vein drained into the first jejunal vein. This case could be useful to gastroenterologists, general surgeons and radiologists.

Fulltext Superficial Ulnar Artery Associated with Anomalous Origin of the Common Interosseous and Ulnar Recurrent Arteries

Sirasanagandla SR, Pamidi N, Nayak SB, Jetti R, Thangarajan R

J Clin Diagn Res, 2016 May;10(5):AD01-2.

PMID: 27437201 DOI: 10.7860/JCDR/2016/8638.7776

Occurrence of vascular variations in the upper limb is not uncommon and is well described in the medical literature. However, occurrence of superficial ulnar artery associated with unusual origin of the common interosseous and ulnar recurrent arteries is seldom reported in the literature. In the present case, we report the anomalous origin of common trunk of common interosseous, anterior and posterior ulnar recurrent arteries from the radial artery, in a male cadaver. Further, ulnar artery had presented superficial course. Knowledge of anomalous arterial pattern in the cubital fossa reported here is clinically important during the angiographic procedures and plastic surgeries.

Morphometric analysis of foramen magnum and occipital condyle using CT images for sex determination in a Saudi Arabian population

Aljarrah K, Packirisamy V, Al Anazi N, Nayak SB

Morphologie, 2022 Dec;106(355):260-270.

PMID: 34391659 DOI: 10.1016/j.morpho.2021.07.006

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY: The objective of this study was to evaluate FM and occipital condyles measurements morphometrically for sex determination by using discriminant function analysis and to note visually the variation in the shape of the foramen magnum in a Saudi Arabian population by using CT scan images.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: This study included 472 CT scans (236 males and 236 females; age range, 18-72 years). The foramen magnum shapes were classified into 8 types: oval, egg, round, hexagonal, pentagonal, tetragonal, irregular (A) and irregular (B). The intraobserver and interobserver test was done to calculate the reliability of the measurement. Eight dimensions of the FM and occipital condyle were evaluated to determine the sexual dimorphism using an independent t-test. Sex determination was estimated using discriminate function analysis.

RESULTS: The commonest shape of FM was hexagonal and the tetragonal shape was the least common type. Coefficient of reliability (R) was high, ranging between 0.89 and 0.99, which indicates the measurements are reliable and sufficiently precise. All the eight measurements, the FM length and width, FM index, FM area, the width and length of right and left occipital condyles were significantly greater in males than the female. Univariate discriminant function showed an accuracy rate varying from 61% to 66.6% based on FM or occipital condyles measurements. The multivariate analysis of FM and occipital condyle measurements increased the overall accuracy rate of sex determination to 71.6%.

CONCLUSION: The univariate analysis of FM and occipital condyle measurements indicates, that the FM area (66.1%), FML (62.5%), FMW (62.5%) and ROCL (62.1%) could be reliable individual variables in sex determination. The multivariate analysis including all the eight variables of FM and occipital condyle increased the accuracy rate of sex determination to 71.6% in determining the sex as male (73.3%) or female (69.9%). The shape of the FM is not useful in sex estimation. The results obtained showed a low degree of sexual dimorphism in the basicranium, the use of this method in forensic anthropology could be helpful for assessment on highly fragmented skull bases.

Fulltext Multiple renal veins clogging the hilum of the right kidney

Nayak SB, Pamidi N, Packirisamy V, Vasudeva SK

Anat Cell Biol, 2023 Mar 31;56(1):141-144.

PMID: 36263505 DOI: 10.5115/acb.22.109

Knowledge of variations of renal vessels is of utmost importance in retroperitoneal surgeries and kidney transplant surgeries. We report concurrent variations of the right renal vessels, observed in an adult male cadaver during dissection classes. The right kidney was supplied by three renal arteries, out of which two entered the kidney through the hilum and the other one entered through the lower pole of the kidney. There were five renal veins, emerging independently from the hilum and opening separately through five openings into the inferior vena cava. Among the veins, only one emerged anterior to the renal pelvis and the other four emerged behind it. Four of them terminated into the posterolateral aspect of the inferior vena cava, whereas one terminated into its anterior aspect. Fourth vein from above, received the right testicular vein. The renal hilum was clogged with the presence of seven vessels and renal pelvis.

Complete enclosure of gall bladder inside the lesser omentum - a rare anomaly

Nayak SB, Shetty SD, Vasudeva SK

Morphologie, 2021 Jun 16.

PMID: 34147369 DOI: 10.1016/j.morpho.2021.06.001

Gall bladder is known for many congenital anomalies such as duplication, intrahepatic position, floating position etc. Most of its anomalies can be detected in ultrasound examination and radiography. We report an extremely rare congenital anomaly of gall bladder as observed in a male cadaver during dissection classes. The gall bladder was totally enclosed in the right free margin of the lesser omentum, in front of the usual contents of the right free margin of lesser omentum. The size, shape and blood supply of the gall bladder were normal. Though this anomaly might not cause any functional disturbances, it might result in complications during laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Fenestrated Falx Cerebri and Additional Sinuses in the Tentorium Cerebelli

Nayak SB, Vasudeva SK

J Craniofac Surg, 2020 Sep;31(6):e585-e586.

PMID: 32502106 DOI: 10.1097/SCS.0000000000006604

Morphological variations of falx cerebri and tentorium cerebelli are extremely rare. The authors report an extremely rare type of combined variation of falx cerebri and dural venous sinuses in the tentorium cerebelli. During the removal of the brain from cranial cavity, it was noted that the anterior part of the falx cerebri had fenestrations and it looked like a mesh. There was no associated variations of medial surface of cerebrum. Further, there were unusual sinuses within the tentorium cerebelli. Two of them were present in the right half of the tentorium cerebelli and one in the left half of the tentorium cerebelli. There variations could be of importance to radiologists and neurosurgeons. The fenestrations of falx cerebri might lead to misinterpretations in cases of head injuries and the additional sinuses in the tentorium cerebelli might cause unexpected bleeding during surgeries of posterior cranial fossa.

Fulltext Triple right testicular veins and their variant termination and communications

Nayak SB, Kodimajalu Vasudeva S

Heliyon, 2020 Sep;6(9):e05014.

PMID: 32995649 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05014

Testicular veins are known to show many variations in their origin, course and termination. Some of their variations can lead to male sterility. We report a unique variation of right testicular vein here. Pampiniform plexus reduced to three testicular veins (medial, middle and lateral) at the deep inguinal ring on the right side. The medial vein terminated into the right renal vein, the middle vein terminated into the inferior vena cava above the level of right renal vein (close to the suprarenal gland) and the lateral vein terminated partly into the veins in the capsules of the kidney and partly into the veins under the diaphragm. The medial and middle testicular veins were connected through an oblique communicating vein. The middle and lateral testicular veins were also connected to each other through another oblique communicating vein. Knowledge of this case could be useful to radiologists, nephrologists and surgeons in general.

Flawless, accurate models only can help in deeper learning of anatomy

Nayak SB, Soumya KV

Surg Radiol Anat, 2021 Apr;43(4):529-530.

PMID: 33226441 DOI: 10.1007/s00276-020-02623-3

Innervation of the scrotum by the anterior division of the obturator nerve - a rare variation

Nayak SB, Vasudeva SK

Morphologie, 2021 Apr 16.

PMID: 33875370 DOI: 10.1016/j.morpho.2021.03.005

The scrotum is supplied by ilioinguinal, genital branch of genitofemoral, perineal branch of the posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh and the posterior scrotal branches of the pudendal nerve. We report an extremely rare innervation of the anterior part of the scrotum by the anterior division of the right obturator nerve. The genital branch of genitofemoral nerve did not reach the scrotum. The ilioinguinal nerve did not supply the scrotum. The anterior division of the obturator nerve gave a branch which ascended superomedially in the thigh, crossed superficial to the spermatic cord and communicated with the right ilioinguinal nerve. As it crossed the spermatic cord, it gave a scrotal branch which descended over the spermatic cord and ramified to supply the anterior part of the scrotum. Knowledge of this variation could be important to anaesthesiologists, urologists and surgeons in general.

Fulltext Anomalous peritoneal band connecting greater omentum to the ascending colon: a possible cause for dilation of ascending colon

Nayak SB, Soumya KV

Anat Cell Biol, 2020 Sep 30;53(3):372-375.

PMID: 32647076 DOI: 10.5115/acb.20.082

Anomalies of the peritoneum and the colon are quite common. Some of these anomalies can disturb the normal digestive and absorptive functions of the intestine and the others might result in formation of volvulus or impede the blood supply of the intestine. We report a rare, combined variation of peritoneum and ascending colon. In a 70-year-old male cadaver, the greater omentum was very small and extended only for about an inch below the transverse colon. From its lower end, a fibrous band extended to the right wall of the upper part of ascending colon. There was a deep constriction on the right wall of the ascending colon at the site of attachment of the fibrous band. The ascending colon was grossly dilated. Further, the ascending colon was mobile and presented a small ascending mesocolon along its left edge. We discuss the possible embryological basis and clinical and surgical relevance of the case.

Sternocleidomastoid muscle can have multiple attachments

Nayak SB, Soumya KV

Surg Radiol Anat, 2020 06;42(6):717.

PMID: 31984433 DOI: 10.1007/s00276-020-02418-6

Variant formation of left common iliac vein by the confluence of four veins

Nayak SB, Vasudeva SK

Morphologie, 2021 Jun 16.

PMID: 34147368 DOI: 10.1016/j.morpho.2021.05.116

Common iliac vein variations are relatively rare compared to the variations of external and internal iliac veins. A rare pattern of formation of common iliac vein by the confluence of four veins is being reported here. The left common iliac vein was formed by the union of left external iliac vein, internal iliac vein, iliolumbar vein and a common trunk formed by the obturator and vesical veins. External iliac vein and obturator veins were connected by a communicating vein. Both external and common iliac veins were respectively medial to the external and common iliac arteries. Knowledge of this variant formation of common iliac vein could be useful to radiologists, gynecologists and orthopedic surgeons.

Author's response to the letter "Is a big lateral loop of internal carotid artery rare and unique or well-known entity?"

Nayak SB, Shetty SD

Surg Radiol Anat, 2021 Jun;43(6):1025-1026.

PMID: 33533951 DOI: 10.1007/s00276-021-02689-7

Transposition and variant termination of azygos and hemiazygos veins: an extremely rare variation

Nayak SB, Soumya KV

Surg Radiol Anat, 2020 Nov;42(11):1303-1306.

PMID: 32328708 DOI: 10.1007/s00276-020-02471-1

Azygos system of veins is the main source of venous drainage from the thoracic wall. Knowledge of azygos vein anomalies could be of importance to cardiothoracic surgeons and radiologists. We report a rare variation of azygos vein as seen in an adult male cadaver aged 65 years approximately. The azygos vein was formed by the union of left ascending lumbar and subcostal veins. It coursed upwards on the left side of descending thoracic aorta and crossed the left subclavian artery and the left vagus to terminate into the left brachiocephalic vein. It received left superior intercostal vein and left fifth to eleventh posterior intercostal veins. The hemiazygos and accessory hemiazygos veins were situated on the right side of the vertebral column. They received the right posterior intercostal veins and terminated into the azygos vein at the level of eighth thoracic vertebra.

Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 32 in total