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Fulltext Effect of Majja Basti (therapeutic enema) and Asthi Shrinkhala (Cissus quadrangularis) in the management of Osteoporosis (Asthi-Majjakshaya)

Potu BK, Rao MS, Sirasanagandla SR

Ayu, 2012 Apr;33(2):317-8.
PMID: 23559813 DOI: 10.4103/0974-8520.105263
Chronic prenatal restraint stress induced memory impairment in passive avoidance task in post weaned male and female Wistar rats

Cherian SB, Bairy KL, Rao MS

Indian J Exp Biol, 2009 Nov;47(11):893-9.
PMID: 20099462

With a view to examine the effect of chronic maternal stress on cognitive function in the offspring during young age, pregnant Wistar rats were subjected to restraint stress from embryonic day 11 till delivery. Male and female pups born to these stressed rats were subjected to passive avoidance test on postnatal day 30 and 31. Results were compared with rats of the same age and sex born to control mothers, which were not stressed. The results showed that prenatal maternal restraint stress impairs the memory retention during young age in both sexes. The memory retention deficit induced by maternal restraint stress was evident in the decreased latency to enter the dark compartment of passive avoidance apparatus by the rats born to stressed mothers. The observed behavioral deficit may be due to the insult of stress on the developing hippocampus, a structure of the brain concerned with learning and memory. The results suggest that prolonged prenatal stress leads to long lasting malfunction in the behavioral development during young age in both male and female young rats. However when compared to their respective stress naïve controls, it seems evident that prenatal restraint stress has a less effect on females which could be due to their oesterogenic effects. These data reinforce the view that prenatal stress affects cognitive development in a sex-specific manner.
Effect of Cissus quadrangularis Linn on the development of osteopenia induced by ovariectomy in rats

Potu BK, Nampurath GK, Rao MS, Bhat KM

Clin Ter, 2011;162(4):307-12.
PMID: 21912817

The aim of our study was to see the efficacy of petroleum ether extract of Cissus quadrangularis (CQ) on development of osteopenia in ovariectomy induced Wistar rats.
Fulltext Neuroprotective potential of ocimum sanctum (Linn) leaf extract in preventing and attenuating stress induced substantia nigral neuronal damage in rats

Rodrigues V, Rao MS, Rao GS, Rao K G M

J Ayurveda Integr Med, 2022;13(4):100651.
PMID: 36370484 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2022.100651

BACKGROUND: In Ayurveda; an Indian system of traditional medicine, Ocimum sanctum is said to have remedial effect on hriddaurbalya (problems affecting the mind), aakshepayukta vikara (nervous disorders) and shiroroga (diseases of head). Hence, in Ayurvedic practice, it is profoundly used as an antistress medicine. Stress is known to affect neurons of functionally significant brain regions like substantia nigra. However, experimental evidence showing its effect on morphology of substantia nigral neurons is lacking. In addition, whether the O. sanctum treatment attenuates stress induced substantia nigral neuronal structural changes is not known.
OBJECTIVES: To know the effect of stress on morphology of substantia nigral neurons and the effect of O. sanctum fresh leaf extract (OSE) on substantia nigral neurons of stressed rats.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: Present study included three experiments. Experiment I: To study the effect of 3 and 6 weeks of foot shock stress in rats; Experiment II- To study the effect of 3 weeks of OSE treatment on 3 week-stress undergoing rats and on 3 week-stressed rats; Experiment III- To study the effect of 6 weeks of OSE treatment in 6 week-stress undergoing rats and in 6 week-stressed rats.
RESULTS: In experiment I, stress had significant deleterious effect on dendritic arborization of substantia nigral neurons. Experiments II and III showed prevention and attenuation of the stress induced dendritic atrophy of substantia nigral neurons in both 2 ml and 4 ml OSE treatment groups. Protective effect of OSE was more pronounced in rats which are treated for a longer duration.
CONCLUSIONS: Foot shock stress induces neuronal damage in the substantia nigra of rats. Treatment with fresh leaf extract of O. sanctum could prevent and attenuate the foot shock stress induced behavioral deficit and substantia nigral neuronal damage.
Evaluation of amygdaloid neuronal dendritic arborization enhancing effect of Centella asiatica (Linn) fresh leaf extract in adult rats

Mohandas Rao KG, Rao MS, Rao GS

Chin J Integr Med, 2012 Dec 03.
PMID: 23212568

OBJECTIVE: Centella asiatica (CeA), a creeper, growing in moist places in India and other Asian countries. Leaves of CeA are used for memory enhancement in Ayurvedic system of medicine, an alternative system of medicine originated from India. In the present study, we have investigated the role of CeA fresh leaf extract treatment on adult rats on dendritic morphology of amygdaloid neurons, one of the regions concerned with learning and memory. METHODS: Adult rats (2.5-month old) were fed with 2, 4 and 6 mL/(day kg) of fresh leaf extract of CeA for 2, 4 and 6 weeks. After the treatment period the rats were killed, brains were removed and amygdaloid neurons were impregnated with silver nitrate (Golgi staining). Such silver impregnated amygdaloid neurons were traced using camera lucida and dendritic branching points (a measure of dendritic arborization) and intersections (a measure of dendritic length) were quantified. These data were compared with those of age matched control rats. RESULTS: The results showed a significant increase in the dendritic length (intersections) and dendritic branching points in amygdaloid neurons of the rats treated with higher dose [6 mL/(day·kg)] of CeA for longer period of time (i.e. 6 weeks). CONCLUSIONS: Constituents/active principles present CeA fresh leaf extract has neuronal dendritic growth stimulating property; hence it can be used for enhancing neuronal dendrites in stress and other neurodegenerative and memory disorders.
Cell therapy in critical limb ischemia: current developments and future progress

Mamidi MK, Pal R, Dey S, Bin Abdullah BJ, Zakaria Z, Rao MS, et al.

Cytotherapy, 2012 Sep;14(8):902-16.
PMID: 22731756 DOI: 10.3109/14653249.2012.693156

Critical limb ischemia (CLI) is a syndrome manifested by ischemic rest pain, non-healing ulcers and tissue loss. CLI patients are at very high risk of amputation and experience poor physical function, leading to severe morbidity and mortality. The fundamental goal for CLI treatment is to relieve ischemic rest pain, heal ulcers, prevent limb loss and improve the quality of life, thereby extending the survival of the patient. Surgical or endovascular revascularization aimed at increasing blood flow is currently available for limb salvage in CLI. However, up to 30% of CLI patients are not suitable for such interventions because of high operative risk or unfavorable vascular anatomy. Therefore exploring new and more effective strategies for revascularization of ischemic limbs is imperative for the establishment of a viable therapeutic alternative. With the emergence of new approaches, this review describes up-to-date progress and developments in cell-based therapy as a novel and promising alternative for CLI treatment. Preliminary clinical data have established the safety, feasibility and efficacy of stem cells, and numerous studies are underway to consolidate this evidence further. However, significant hurdles remain to be addressed before this research can be responsibly translated to the bedside. In particular, we need better understanding of the behavior of cells post-transplantation and to learn how to control their survival and migration proliferation/differentiation in the hostile pathologic environment. Future research should focus on methods of isolation, optimal dosage, appropriate cell type, route of administration, role of tissue-derived factors and supportive endogenous stimulation.