Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 162 in total

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  1. Fulltext Recombinant bromelain production in Escherichia coli: process optimization in shake flask culture by response surface methodology
    Muntari B, Amid A, Mel M, Jami MS, Salleh HM
    AMB Express, 2012;2:12.
    PMID: 22336426 DOI: 10.1186/2191-0855-2-12
    Bromelain, a cysteine protease with various therapeutic and industrial applications, was expressed in Escherichia coli, BL21-AI clone, under different cultivation conditions (post-induction temperature, L-arabinose concentration and post-induction period). The optimized conditions by response surface methodology using face centered central composite design were 0.2% (w/v) L-arabinose, 8 hr and 25°C. The analysis of variance coupled with larger value of R2 (0.989) showed that the quadratic model used for the prediction was highly significant (p < 0.05). Under the optimized conditions, the model produced bromelain activity of 9.2 U/mg while validation experiments gave bromelain activity of 9.6 ± 0.02 U/mg at 0.15% (w/v) L-arabinose, 8 hr and 27°C. This study had innovatively developed cultivation conditions for better production of recombinant bromelain in shake flask culture.
    Matched MeSH terms: Face
  2. Fulltext The psychosocial rehabilitation (PSR) for severely mentally ills in Malaysia: the past and present
    Ruzanna Zam Zam
    ASEAN Journal of Psychiatry, 2010;11(1):113-0.
    MyJurnal
    This paper discusses the evolution of PSR development for people with severe mental illness since the early 20th century in Malaysia. The various aspects of PSR include the activities, service target, the treatment settings, factors contributed to the development and the challenges that have been faced are also described along with the evolution, comparing the past and
    present. It is learned that despite of many challenges, PSR in Malaysia has now continued to progress with increasing supports from the stakeholders and is in keeping with the current PSR concept.
    Matched MeSH terms: Face
  3. Fulltext Cornelia de Lange syndrome in diverse populations
    Dowsett L, Porras AR, Kruszka P, Davis B, Hu T, Honey E, et al.
    Am J Med Genet A, 2019 02;179(2):150-158.
    PMID: 30614194 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61033
    Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) is a dominant multisystemic malformation syndrome due to mutations in five genes-NIPBL, SMC1A, HDAC8, SMC3, and RAD21. The characteristic facial dysmorphisms include microcephaly, arched eyebrows, synophrys, short nose with depressed bridge and anteverted nares, long philtrum, thin lips, micrognathia, and hypertrichosis. Most affected individuals have intellectual disability, growth deficiency, and upper limb anomalies. This study looked at individuals from diverse populations with both clinical and molecularly confirmed diagnoses of CdLS by facial analysis technology. Clinical data and images from 246 individuals with CdLS were obtained from 15 countries. This cohort included 49% female patients and ages ranged from infancy to 37 years. Individuals were grouped into ancestry categories of African descent, Asian, Latin American, Middle Eastern, and Caucasian. Across these populations, 14 features showed a statistically significant difference. The most common facial features found in all ancestry groups included synophrys, short nose with anteverted nares, and a long philtrum with thin vermillion of the upper lip. Using facial analysis technology we compared 246 individuals with CdLS to 246 gender/age matched controls and found that sensitivity was equal or greater than 95% for all groups. Specificity was equal or greater than 91%. In conclusion, we present consistent clinical findings from global populations with CdLS while demonstrating how facial analysis technology can be a tool to support accurate diagnoses in the clinical setting. This work, along with prior studies in this arena, will assist in earlier detection, recognition, and treatment of CdLS worldwide.
    Matched MeSH terms: Face/physiopathology
  4. Fulltext Noonan syndrome in diverse populations
    Kruszka P, Porras AR, Addissie YA, Moresco A, Medrano S, Mok GTK, et al.
    Am J Med Genet A, 2017 Sep;173(9):2323-2334.
    PMID: 28748642 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.38362
    Noonan syndrome (NS) is a common genetic syndrome associated with gain of function variants in genes in the Ras/MAPK pathway. The phenotype of NS has been well characterized in populations of European descent with less attention given to other groups. In this study, individuals from diverse populations with NS were evaluated clinically and by facial analysis technology. Clinical data and images from 125 individuals with NS were obtained from 20 countries with an average age of 8 years and female composition of 46%. Individuals were grouped into categories of African descent (African), Asian, Latin American, and additional/other. Across these different population groups, NS was phenotypically similar with only 2 of 21 clinical elements showing a statistically significant difference. The most common clinical characteristics found in all population groups included widely spaced eyes and low-set ears in 80% or greater of participants, short stature in more than 70%, and pulmonary stenosis in roughly half of study individuals. Using facial analysis technology, we compared 161 Caucasian, African, Asian, and Latin American individuals with NS with 161 gender and age matched controls and found that sensitivity was equal to or greater than 94% for all groups, and specificity was equal to or greater than 90%. In summary, we present consistent clinical findings from global populations with NS and additionally demonstrate how facial analysis technology can support clinicians in making accurate NS diagnoses. This work will assist in earlier detection and in increasing recognition of NS throughout the world.
    Matched MeSH terms: Face/physiopathology*
  5. Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome in diverse populations
    Tekendo-Ngongang C, Owosela B, Fleischer N, Addissie YA, Malonga B, Badoe E, et al.
    Am J Med Genet A, 2020 12;182(12):2939-2950.
    PMID: 32985117 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61888
    Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome (RSTS) is an autosomal dominant disorder, caused by loss-of-function variants in CREBBP or EP300. Affected individuals present with distinctive craniofacial features, broad thumbs and/or halluces, and intellectual disability. RSTS phenotype has been well characterized in individuals of European descent but not in other populations. In this study, individuals from diverse populations with RSTS were assessed by clinical examination and facial analysis technology. Clinical data of 38 individuals from 14 different countries were analyzed. The median age was 7 years (age range: 7 months to 47 years), and 63% were females. The most common phenotypic features in all population groups included broad thumbs and/or halluces in 97%, convex nasal ridge in 94%, and arched eyebrows in 92%. Face images of 87 individuals with RSTS (age range: 2 months to 47 years) were collected for evaluation using facial analysis technology. We compared images from 82 individuals with RSTS against 82 age- and sex-matched controls and obtained an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.99 (p 
    Matched MeSH terms: Face/abnormalities*
  6. Fulltext Turner syndrome in diverse populations
    Kruszka P, Addissie YA, Tekendo-Ngongang C, Jones KL, Savage SK, Gupta N, et al.
    Am J Med Genet A, 2020 Feb;182(2):303-313.
    PMID: 31854143 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61461
    Turner syndrome (TS) is a common multiple congenital anomaly syndrome resulting from complete or partial absence of the second X chromosome. In this study, we explore the phenotype of TS in diverse populations using clinical examination and facial analysis technology. Clinical data from 78 individuals and images from 108 individuals with TS from 19 different countries were analyzed. Individuals were grouped into categories of African descent (African), Asian, Latin American, Caucasian (European descent), and Middle Eastern. The most common phenotype features across all population groups were short stature (86%), cubitus valgus (76%), and low posterior hairline 70%. Two facial analysis technology experiments were conducted: TS versus general population and TS versus Noonan syndrome. Across all ethnicities, facial analysis was accurate in diagnosing TS from frontal facial images as measured by the area under the curve (AUC). An AUC of 0.903 (p < .001) was found for TS versus general population controls and 0.925 (p < .001) for TS versus individuals with Noonan syndrome. In summary, we present consistent clinical findings from global populations with TS and additionally demonstrate that facial analysis technology can accurately distinguish TS from the general population and Noonan syndrome.
    Matched MeSH terms: Face/abnormalities*; Face/pathology
  7. Facial profile study using 3-dimensional photographs to assess esthetic preferences of Hong Kong Chinese orthognathic patients and laypersons
    Tan SK, Leung WK, Tang ATH, Zwahlen RA
    Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop, 2022 Feb;161(2):e105-e113.
    PMID: 34531091 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2021.01.024
    INTRODUCTION: This study was conducted to investigate and compare esthetic perceptions of different facial profiles among Hong Kong Chinese laypersons and patients scheduled for orthognathic treatment.

    METHODS: Two sets of 3-dimensional facial photographs (1 male and 1 female) each comprised 7 images that showed different dentoskeletal relations (ie, Class I, bimaxillary protrusion, bimaxillary retrusion, maxillary protrusion, maxillary retrusion, mandibular protrusion, and mandibular retrusion). The sets of photographs were shown to 101 laypersons (age, 28.87 ± 6.22 years) and 60 patients seeking orthognathic treatment (age, 27.12 ± 6.07 years). They rated their esthetic perceptions of the photographs on the basis of a 100 mm visual analog scale (VAS) from 0 (very unattractive) to 100 (very attractive).

    RESULTS: The dentoskeletal Class I facial profile was ranked as the most attractive profile. Female orthognathic judges selected the retrusive maxilla while male orthognathic judges and male and female laypersons ranked the mandibular protrusion profile as the least attractive profile for both females and males. A bimaxillary protrusive female profile was viewed as more attractive by the orthognathic male (P = 0.006) and female (P = 0.006) judges, compared with female layperson judges. After adjustment for age, no statistically significant interaction between sex and judges (P >0.10) for all VAS scores were detected. For the female bimaxillary protrusive profile, orthognathic patient judges assigned a mean VAS score of 9.174 points higher than layperson judges (95% confidence interval, 3.11-15.24; P = 0.003).

    CONCLUSION: Dentoskeletal Class I facial profile was generally considered the most attractive profile in both sexes; male and female orthognathic patients preferred a bimaxillary protrusive female profile. A concave facial profile was perceived as least attractive in both sexes.

    Matched MeSH terms: Face/anatomy & histology
  8. The split-mouth investigation and statistical computation
    Gadde P, Arunachalam S, Sharan J
    Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop, 2022 Nov;162(5):591-592.
    PMID: 37830531 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2022.07.017
    Matched MeSH terms: Face
  9. Developmental changes in the facial morphology of the Borneo orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus): possible signals in visual communication
    Kuze N, Malim TP, Kohshima S
    Am J Primatol, 2005 Apr;65(4):353-76.
    PMID: 15834889
    Orangutans display remarkable developmental changes and sexual differences in facial morphology, such as the flanges or cheek-pads that develop only on the face of dominant adult males. These changes suggest that facial morphology is an important factor in visual communication. However, developmental changes in facial morphology have not been examined in detail. We studied developmental changes in the facial morphology of the Borneo orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus) by observing 79 individuals of various ages living in the Sepilok Orangutan Rehabilitation Centre (SORC) in Malaysia and in Japanese zoos. We also analyzed photographs of one captive male that were taken over a period of more than 16 years. There were clear morphological changes that occurred with growth, and we identified previously unreported sexual and developmental differences in facial morphology. Light-colored skin around the eyes and mouth is most prominent in animals younger than 3 years, and rapidly decreases in area through the age of approximately 7 years. At the same time, the scattered, erect hairs on the head (infant hair) become thick, dense hairs lying on the head (adult hair) in both sexes. The results suggest that these features are infant signals, and that adult signals may include darkened face color, adult hair, whiskers, and a beard, which begin to develop after the age of approximately 7 years in both sexes. In females, the eyelids remain white even after 10 years, and turn black at around the age of 20; in males, the eyelids turn black before the age of 10. The whiskers and beards of adults are thicker in males than in females, and are fully developed before the age of 10 in males, while they begin to develop in females only after approximately 20 years. White eyelids and undeveloped whiskers and beards may be visual signals that are indicative of young adult females. Our results also show that the facial morphology of the unflanged male is similar to that of the adult female, although it has also been pointed out that unflanged males resemble younger individuals.
    Matched MeSH terms: Face/anatomy & histology*
  10. Fulltext Ancestral Variations in the Shape and Size of the Zygoma
    Oettlé AC, Demeter FP, L'abbé EN
    Anat Rec (Hoboken), 2017 01;300(1):196-208.
    PMID: 28000408 DOI: 10.1002/ar.23469
    The variable development of the zygoma, dictating its shape and size variations among ancestral groups, has important clinical implications and valuable anthropological and evolutionary inferences. The purpose of the study was to review the literature regarding the variations in the zygoma with ancestry. Ancestral variation in the zygoma reflects genetic variations because of genetic drift as well as natural selection and epigenetic changes to adapt to diet and climate variations with possible intensification by isolation. Prominence of the zygoma, zygomaxillary tuberosity, and malar tubercle have been associated with Eastern Asian populations in whom these features intensified. Prominence of the zygoma is also associated with groups from Eastern Europe and the rest of Asia. Diffusion of these traits occurred across the Behring Sea to the Arctic areas and to North and South America. The greatest zygomatic projections are exhibited in Arctic groups as an adaptation to extreme cold conditions, while Native South American groups also present with other features of facial robusticity. Groups from Australia, Malaysia, and Oceania show prominence of the zygoma to a certain extent, possibly because of archaic occupations by undifferentiated Southeast Asian populations. More recent interactions with Chinese groups might explain the prominent cheekbones noted in certain South African groups. Many deductions regarding evolutionary processes and diversifications of early groups have been made. Cognisance of these ancestral variations also have implications for forensic anthropological assessments as well as plastic and reconstructive surgery. More studies are needed to improve accuracy of forensic anthropological identification techniques. Anat Rec, 300:196-208, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
    Matched MeSH terms: Face/anatomy & histology*
  11. Fulltext Ludwig's Angina Infection In A Child: A Cause For Concern
    Ngeow, W.C.
    Ann Dent, 1999;6(1):-.
    MyJurnal
    Ludwig's angina is a rare type of facial infection usually reported in adults. This paper presents a case of Ludwig's angina infection occurring in a 3 year-old Malay boy. The dentists must be able to detect such presentation early. Hospitalization for monitoring of airway is essential.
    Matched MeSH terms: Face
  12. Fulltext Clinical Patterns Of Oro-facial Infections
    Rahman, Z.A.A., Hamimah, H., Bunyarit, S.S.
    Ann Dent, 2005;12(1):-.
    MyJurnal
    The aim of this retrospective study was to study the clinical patterns of oro-facial infections presented and their management (or trends of management) at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dental Faculty, University of Malaya. These included the predisposing factors, presentations and management. This study reviewed the oro-facial infection cases over 15 years. The data was obtained from case note reviews of patients using specially designed proforma. A total number of 409 samples were included in this study. Majority of the patients were generally healthy with about 6.6% having diabetes mellitus. The common presentations were pain (47.4%), pus discharges (16.9%) and limitation of mouth opening (12.5%). The major site was in the submandibular region (18.9%) followed by cheek (13.2%). Most of the infections were from odontogenic source (63.2%). Other sources includes cysts (15.4%) and tumours (6.7%). Incision and drainage were the treatment of choice performed on 57.55% of patients. Monoantimicrobial therapy was the treatment instituted in 20.8% of cases.
    Matched MeSH terms: Face
  13. Fulltext Lactic Acid Bacteria Is Beneficial For Oral Aphtous Ulcerations - A Preliminary Report
    Hashim, B.Y., Rahman, R.A., Philip, K.
    Ann Dent, 1999;6(1):-.
    MyJurnal
    Recurrent aphthous ulcers of the mouth are difficult to treat because of no known definite aetiology. This paper presents the use of lactic acid bacteria thought to modulate the host immune response to affect improvements in the disease. Twenty-five patients with the disease were treated with 6 lactic bacteria capsules (in the form of OMX capsules) daily for a period of six months, and their responses were evaluated. Seventeen patients (73.9%) became free of the disease six months later, while 6 (26.1 %) experienced very dramatic improvements. Two patients were lost to follow-up. It is concluded that lactic acid bacteria is beneficial in the treatment of recurrent aphthous ulcers of the mouth.
    Matched MeSH terms: Face
  14. Fulltext A Simple Immediate Surgical Obturator for Maxillary Resection
    Ling, Booi C.
    Ann Dent, 1995;2(1):-.
    MyJurnal
    Temporary obturator is necessary for maxillectomy procedures to minimise functional disabilities of speech and the swallowing of food and fluid following surgery.l.2 It also provides a base to hold surgical packing and/ or tissue conditioners in place. This packing helps to restore function and counter act contraction during healing of the ,tissues at the operated site. Dental clinicians are often faced with the problem of surgical staffs requesting an obturator for their patients at short notice.This article describes a fast technique of constructing an immediate surgical obturator.
    Matched MeSH terms: Face
  15. Fulltext Multidrug resistant yeasts in synanthropic wild birds
    Lord AT, Mohandas K, Somanath S, Ambu S
    Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob, 2010;9:11.
    PMID: 20307325 DOI: 10.1186/1476-0711-9-11
    The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of multidrug resistant yeasts in the faeces of synanthropic wild birds from the Bangsar suburb of Kuala Lumpur.
    Matched MeSH terms: Face/microbiology
  16. Fulltext Craniofacial computed tomography imaging: a review
    Rajion, Z.A.
    Archives of Orofacial Sciences, 2006;1(1):5-8.
    MyJurnal
    Imaging is a keystone for the understanding and delivery of craniofacial health care and recent developments have led to many diverse technologies and approaches. This paper reviews new developments in three-dimensional imaging, as well as three-dimensional facial image acquisition. Visualization and convergence of the data from these technologies are also described for construction of patient-specific models.
    Matched MeSH terms: Face
  17. Fulltext Facial three dimensional surface imaging: an overview
    Al-Khatib, Ali Rajih
    Archives of Orofacial Sciences, 2010;5(1):1-8.
    MyJurnal
    The surface facial imagings have many applications in medical fields. The recent past has seen great advances in three dimensional imaging which include laser scanning or stereophotogrammetry. Here, we reviewed various systems with reference to image acquisition, advantages and disadvantages. Examples of important clinical application with reference to the human face are also discussed. Finally, a 3D imaging system at Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM) is described.
    Matched MeSH terms: Face
  18. Fulltext Natural features technique for non-contact three dimensional craniofacial anthropometry using stereophotogrammetry
    Majid, Z., Chong, A., Setan, H., Ahmad, A., Rajion, Z.A.
    Archives of Orofacial Sciences, 2006;1(1):42-50.
    MyJurnal
    This paper describes the use of stereophotogrammetry approach to measure and hence identify accurately threedimensional (3D) coordinates of important landmarks on a craniofacial surface. A "novel" technique dubbed as "natural features" technique was employed to accurately compute the 3D coordinates of selected craniofacial landmarks. The natural features technique involves the use of 3D coordinates of the natural features (such as acne, scar, corners of eyes, edge of mouth, point of chin, etc.) that appear on the craniofacial surface as an absolute stereophotogrammetric mapping control points. The 3D coordinates of the natural features were gained using digital photogrammetric bundle adjustment method. Validation of the proposed technique has firstly been carried out using mannequin and finally, it was applied on the real-life human faces. The result shows that the craniofacial landmark measurement accuracy of 0.8mm with one standard deviation can be successfully achieved by the proposed technique.
    Matched MeSH terms: Face
  19. Fulltext Mucopyocele in the oral region: an unusual case
    Telang , Ajay, Lahari, T., Chacko , James P.
    Archives of Orofacial Sciences, 2011;6(2):1-4.
    MyJurnal
    Mucopyoceles are rare lesions defined as infected mucoceles. They have been reported only in the paranasal sinuses and appendix. Our case is the first to be reported in the oral region. A 58- year-old male presented with complaint of a painless swelling of two years duration in the right buccal sulcus with associated pus discharge. Radiographic examination ruled out pulpal and periodontal foci of infection and histopathology confirmed an underlying mucopyocele in the right buccal mucosa.
    Matched MeSH terms: Face
  20. Fulltext Management of large mandibular ameloblastoma - a case report and literature reviews
    Kahairi, A., Ahmad, R.L., Wan Islah, L., Norra, H.
    Archives of Orofacial Sciences, 2008;3(2):52-55.
    MyJurnal
    Ameloblastoma is a slow growing benign tumour of the jaw and patients usually present late after the tumour achieved considerable size to cause facial disfigurement. Diagnosis mainly from tissue biopsy and characteristic findings on plain X-rays does assist in differentiating between types of ameloblastoma. The challenges in the management of this tumour are to provide complete excision as recurrence may occur in incomplete removal and also to reconstruct the bony defect in order to give reasonable cosmetic and functional outcome to the patient.
    Matched MeSH terms: Face
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