MyMedR

Parapleurogonius brevicecum gen. et sp. n. is described from the freshwater turtle, Kachuga trivittata, in Selangor, Malaysia. Parapleurogonius is most closely related to Pleurogonius Looss, 1901, but from which it can be distinguished by the termination of the ceca at or just overlapping the anterior border of the testes and the pretesticular position of the excretory pore. Additionally, Parapleurogonius is described from a freshwater turtle, whereas Pleurogonius is only known from marine hosts.

Matched MeSH terms: Intestine, Small/parasitology

Castroia kamariae sp. nov. and Limatulum kuziai sp. nov. (Lecithodendriidae) from the free-tailed bat (Tadarida mops de Blainville) from West Malaysia

Palmieri JR, Krishnasamy M, Sullivan JT

J Helminthol, 1980 Sep;54(3):207-13.

PMID: 7217652

Thirteen bats, Tadarida mops de Blainville, collected from the Ampang district in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, were found positive for the trematodes Castroia kamariae sp. nov. and Limatulum kuziai sp. nov. Two distinct but morphologically similar forms of Castroia kamariae were recovered. The morphological type is apparently determined by its location in the host intestine.

Matched MeSH terms: Intestine, Small/parasitology

Effect of soy protein on the small bowel mucosa of young infants recovering from acute gastroenteritis

Iyngkaran N, Yadav M, Looi LM, Boey CG, Lam KL, Balabaskaran S, et al.

J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr, 1988 Jan-Feb;7(1):68-75.

PMID: 3335989

The effect of soy protein on the small bowel mucosa of 18 infants with acute gastroenteritis was studied. The infants were maintained on a protein hydrolysate formula for 6-8 weeks, following which they were readmitted for soy protein challenge studies. Jejunal biopsy was performed before and 24 h after challenge. On the basis of the clinical and histological reaction to soy protein challenge, three groups were identified. Group 1 consisted of three infants who had clinical and histological reaction. There was associated depletion of mucosal enzymes, lactase, sucrase, malatase, alkaline phosphatase, and blood xylose levels. Group 2 consisted of seven infants who had histological reaction but no clinical symptoms. Two of these seven infants, however, developed clinical reaction when rechallenged with soy protein 2 and 90 days later. Following challenge, mucosal enzymes and blood xylose levels were depressed in five of the seven infants tested. Group 3 consisted of eight infants who did not have either a clinical or a histological reaction. The mucosal enzymes and blood xylose levels were not depressed in four infants tested. The present study shows that the small bowel mucosa of some young infants recovering from acute gastroenteritis remains sensitive to soy protein for a variable period of time. The feeding of soy protein to these infants may result in the persistence of mucosal damage and perpetuation of diarrhea.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Matched MeSH terms: Intestine, Small/drug effects*; Intestine, Small/enzymology; Intestine, Small/pathology

The establishment and development of Trichostrongylus colubriformis in goats

Rahman WA, Collins GH

Vet Parasitol, 1990 Mar;35(3):195-200.

PMID: 2343537

Twelve goats were inoculated with 20,000 infective larvae of Trichostrongylus colubriformis and two were killed on each of Days 4, 7, 11, 14, 18 and 21 after inoculation (DAI). The number of worms that established, and the site of development were recorded. Most of the worms established within the first 3 m of the small intestine. There was little relocation or loss of nematodes after establishment. The worms started to migrate from the mucosa to the lumen 11 days after infection. At 4 DAI, 63% of the worms were still at the late L3 stage; the remainder of the worm population had completed the third moult to the L4 stage. The population at 11 DAI comprised largely young adults. When 21 DAI was reached, about 57% of the female worms had eggs in their uteri.

Matched MeSH terms: Intestine, Small/parasitology*

The pigbel story of Papua New Guinea

Murrell TG, Walker PD

Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg, 1991 1 1;85(1):119-22.

PMID: 2068739

Enteritis necroticans (EN), known as pigbel in Papua New Guinea (PNG), may be the important predisposing lesion to mid-gut volvulus, jejunal and ileal ileus and other forms of small bowel strangulation in communities where protein deprivation, poor food hygiene, epochal meat feasting and staple diets containing trypsin inhibitors co-exist. Such human habitats occur in Africa, Central and South America, western Pacific, Asian and south-east Asian cultures. Isolated outbreaks of necrotizing enteritis have been reported from Uganda, Malaysia and Indonesia but as yet no systematic epidemiological study of the prevalence of small bowel strangulations has been described in the surgical literature of 'third world' countries. Now that enteritis necroticans is preventable by vaccination, such studies should be undertaken. This paper outlines the story of pigbel and its control in PNG.

Matched MeSH terms: Intestine, Small/pathology

Exotoxin profiles of clinical isolates of Aeromonas hydrophila

Vadivelu J, Puthucheary SD, Navaratnam P

J Med Microbiol, 1991 Jun;34(6):363-7.

PMID: 2056519

Eighty-six clinical isolates of Aeromonas hydrophila were studied for their ability to produce four exotoxins: a haemolysin active against rabbit erythrocytes, cytotoxin and enterotoxin detectable with Vero cell cultures, and the cholera toxin-like factor detected by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. At least one exotoxin was produced by 80% of enteric and 96% of non-enteric isolates. The exotoxin profiles of non-enteric isolates were more restricted than those of enteric isolates, with haemolysin and cytotoxin producers preponderant. Although haemolysin and cytotoxin were produced by isolates from all sources, the enterotoxin and cholera toxin-like factor were more common amongst enteric isolates. The production of haemolysin and cytotoxin were closely related but the association between the enterotoxin and the cholera toxin-like factor was not significant.

Matched MeSH terms: Intestine, Small/microbiology

Pig-bel but no pig: enteritis necroticans acquired in Australia

Watson DA, Andrew JH, Banting S, Mackay JR, Stillwell RG, Merrett M

Med J Aust, 1991 Jul 01;155(1):47-50.

PMID: 2067439

OBJECTIVE: To report a case of enteritis necroticans acquired in Australia, and to review the history, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, management and prevention of this disease.

CLINICAL FEATURES: A 44-year-old diabetic and alcoholic restaurateur of Chinese-Malay origin, who had been living in Australia for over 20 years, was admitted to hospital with bloody diarrhoea which progressed to fulminant toxaemia and circulatory collapse, and ultimately required laparotomy. Typical pathological features and the isolation of Clostridium perfringens type C from faeces confirmed the diagnosis of enteritis necroticans.

INTERVENTION AND OUTCOME: He was treated initially with ampicillin, gentamicin, metronidazole and chloramphenicol, and later with penicillin and metronidazole, and he required large volumes of intravenously administered fluid and blood for his toxaemic, hypotensive state. Laparotomy was performed as a life-saving procedure. Despite a lengthy convalescence, the patient recovered.

CONCLUSIONS: Enteritis necroticans is a rare disease in developed countries, however it is likely to be underdiagnosed. Clinicians are encouraged to be on the alert for signs of severity that may indicate the need for laparotomy in a predisposed individual with features of this condition.

Matched MeSH terms: Intestine, Small/pathology; Intestine, Small/surgery

Infection of goats with Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus colubriformis: histopathology and pH changes

Rahman WA, Collins GH

Br. Vet. J., 1991 Nov-Dec;147(6):569-74.

PMID: 1777801

Two groups of goats were experimentally infected with Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus colubriformis, and killed at various days after infection (DAI). The percentage of worms that established in the abomasum and the small intestine was low. At necropsy, abomasums from infected goats had thickened walls and oedematous folds. At 7 DAI there was an initial infiltration of eosinophils and some neutrophils which tend to increase with age of infection. The mean pH of the abomasum in goats infected with H. contortus was 5.43 (range 5.3-5.7), while that of the control goats was 3.30 (range 2.8-3.7).

Matched MeSH terms: Intestine, Small/pathology*; Intestine, Small/chemistry

The abdominal cocoon

Yip FW, Lee SH

Aust N Z J Surg, 1992 Aug;62(8):638-42.

PMID: 1642584

Since it was first described in 1978 the abdominal cocoon continues to be a rare cause of intestinal obstruction. So far this rare condition where the small intestine is encased in a fibrous membrane has been reported only in females. Diagnosis is usually made at laparotomy and the treatment of choice is lysis of adhesions. Proper recognition of this benign condition will result in the correct management of it and prevent unnecessary bowel resections. Five new cases including one male patient, together with a review of previous reports in the English literature, are presented.

Matched MeSH terms: Intestine, Small/abnormalities*; Intestine, Small/pathology; Intestine, Small/surgery

Fulltext Benign persistent pneumoperitoneum in systemic sclerosis

Wang CL, Wang F, Wong KC, Jeyamalar R

Singapore Med J, 1993 Dec;34(6):563-4.

PMID: 8153727

We describe a 50-year-old Chinese woman who had severe gastrointestinal manifestations from systemic sclerosis complicated by spontaneous pneumoperitoneum in the absence of either visceral perforation or pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis. This is a rare complication of systemic sclerosis; only four other cases have been reported. Recognition of this condition is important so as to avoid unnecessary surgery.

Matched MeSH terms: Intestine, Small/pathology

Fulltext Bilio-enteric anastomoses: results in benign and malignant conditions

Toufeeq Khan TF, Lwin M, Ulah S, Zahari A, Mokti I

Singapore Med J, 1993 Dec;34(6):545-50.

PMID: 8153721

Twenty bilio-enteric anastomoses were performed or managed from May 1990 to December 1992. Recurrent pyogenic cholangitis (RPC) and pancreatic cancer were the commonest conditions which required drainage procedures. Roux-en-Y hepatico-jejunostomy (RHJ) was performed in 9 patients, 4 for RPC, one for pancreatic cancer, another for a cholangiocarcinoma, 2 following excision of choledochal cyst and one hepatico-jejunostomy was part of a Whipple reconstruction. Roux-en-Y side to side choledocho-jejunostomy (CDJ) was performed in one patient. Choledocho-duodenostomy (CDD) was performed in 6, 4 for obstructive jaundice due to choledocholithiasis, one for RPC and one in a choledochal cyst. One patient operated elsewhere presented with complications after a CDD. Palliative cholecysto-jejunostomy (CYJ) was carried out in 4 patients with pancreatic malignancy. All benign conditions were treated by hepatico-jejunostomy and choledocho-duodenostomy, while three patients with malignant conditions were treated by hepatico-jejunostomy. Permanent subcutaneous access loops were provided when recurrent problems were anticipated, 4 in RPC and one after subtotal resection of a cholangiocarcinoma. Based on this study, we found Roux-en-Y hepatico-jejunostomy a versatile drainage procedure, which was useful in both benign and malignant diseases.

Matched MeSH terms: Intestine, Small/surgery*

Fulltext Massive small bowel infarction and duodenal perforation due to abdominal polyarteritis nodosa: a case report

Tun M, Malik AK

Malays J Pathol, 1994 Jun;16(1):75-8.

PMID: 16329580

A 37-year-old Chinese male presented with an acute abdomen. Surgical exploration revealed duodenal perforation, extensive small bowel infarction and peritonitis. Histopathology of the resected bowel showed characteristic features of classic polyarteritis nodosa. The latter also involved mesenteric arteries in the form of tiny aneurysms. Steroids could not be started due to: (i) overwhelming microbial infections and (ii) fear of more perforations in other areas of the bowel. Such a presentation of polyarteritis nodosa is uncommon. Its recognition prior to surgery, management and prognosis is discussed.

Matched MeSH terms: Intestine, Small/blood supply; Intestine, Small/pathology*

Fulltext The abdominal cocoon: a case report

Kyaw K

Singapore Med J, 1994 Dec;35(6):653-4.

PMID: 7761900

A 15-year-old Chinese girl, with abdominal cocoon, is reported. The literature (in English) concerning the condition was reviewed. Also, a possible cause is suggested and the various terms used for this condition are discussed.

Matched MeSH terms: Intestine, Small/pathology*

Haematemesis resulting from ischaemic strangulating intestinal obstruction

Moissinac K, Ponnampalam J, Chong Se To B

Eur J Emerg Med, 2000 Dec;7(4):297-9.

PMID: 11764140

Although bleeding into the intestinal lumen may occur in strangulating intestinal obstruction, haematemesis is infrequently encountered. We report on a patient who presented with haematemesis and who had, in addition, clinical and radiological features of small bowel obstruction. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy did not locate the source of bleeding. At laparotomy, which was performed because of clinical deterioration, gangrenous strangulated small bowel secondary to adhesive obstruction was found. In a patient with non-resolving intestinal obstruction, a deterioration in the condition is a clear indication for exploration. Haematemesis occurring concurrently may be a marker of intestinal strangulation, adds strength to the indication and highlights the urgency of the need for exploration.

Matched MeSH terms: Intestine, Small/blood supply*; Intestine, Small/pathology; Intestine, Small/surgery

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