METHODS: A cross sectional study was carried out among first trimester pregnant women during their first antenatal visit. Samples were taken from different ethnicities in an urban district in Malaysia. A total of 396 respondents (99 % response rate) aged 18-40 years completed self-administered and guided questionnaire (characteristics and risk factors), validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire for vitamin D in Malaysia (FFQ vitamin D/My), anthropometric measures (weight and height), blood test for serum 25(OH)D, skin measurement using Mexameter (MX 18) and Fitzpatrick Skin Type Chart Measurement (FSTCM). Data were analyzed to determine the association between risk factors and hypovitaminosis D.
RESULTS: The prevalence of hypovitaminosis D (serum 25(OH)D
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted to measure D-dimer in healthy pregnant women, and a non-pregnant control group, using the quantitative HaemosIL D-dimer HS500 assay. Reference ranges were derived using CLSI 'Robust' methods, and differences between group medians were tested using the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests.
RESULTS: Plasma D-dimer levels were measured in 92 pregnant women (distributed across the three trimesters)and 31 control women. The medians (and reference ranges) in ng/mL were: control 265 (<799); first trimester 481 (<1070); second trimester 1073 (357-1748); 3rd trimester 1533 (771-2410). There were significant differences between the D-dimer levels of each group and each of the other groups (P<0.001).
CONCLUSIONS: Reference ranges for D-dimer in pregnant Malaysian women have been establised by this study. Whether these ranges can be used to determine cut-off levels for the exclusion of VTE at different stages of pregnancy is doubtful, as the levels rise continuously through pregnancy, and some very high outlying values occur in apparently normal near-term pregnancy.