MyMedR

The women's rights movement and the sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR) movement have been actively involved in ensuring that the gains (on sexual and reproductive health, reproductive rights and women's sexuality) made during the 1994 International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD) in Cairo and the 1995 fourth World Conference on Women in Beijing are maintained and captured in the new development framework. International processes, especially the United Nations Population Fund's ICPD Beyond 2014 work, have proven essential platforms for this. However, the current geopolitical scenario provides a challenging environment to ensure that the comprehensive Cairo+20 agenda is given the due attention and place it deserves and requires. This article aims to articulate the critical gaps in political discourse and commitment to the ICPD agenda from 1994 to the time of ICPD beyond 2014. Governments' potential lack of commitment to crucial issues of SRHR is also examined and discussed in the first section. In the second section, the article looks at progress and gaps regarding specific and commonly used measures of SRHR as an indicator of where discourse and commitment are required. In the third section, as a follow-up to the previous one, the article discusses the need to and the possibilities of articulating and positioning the rights discourse more clearly within the current complex global discourse as a necessary step in the movement's political discourse. In the last section, some key challenges and opportunities, as well as identified recommendations, are discussed with regard to the way ahead for the SRHR agenda in the 2014 and beyond.

Matched MeSH terms: Women's Rights*

An invisible benefit: integrated project on family planning and parasite control has expanded operations multi-dimensionally

Taniguchi H

JOICFP News, 1985 Nov;?(137):1-5.

PMID: 12280293

PIP: Resolutions adopted by the 12th Annual Asian Parasite Control/Family Planning (APCO/FP) Conference held in Colombo, Sri Lanka urge the incorporation of quality of life issues of all dimensions in projects of all participating countries. 1 study discussed during the conference concerned health volunteers of the integrated project in Sri Lanka, which analyzes motivating factors which make community young people work on a voluntary basis. Another topic covered was the role of women in the achievement of primary health care. Video reports were presented by Bangladesh on family planning and parasite control activities, Brazil on utilization of existing organizations to improve successful integrated projects, China on making twin concerns of family planning and primary health care, Indonesia on strengthening urban FP/MCH clinics, Korea on health promotion through the integrated project, Malaysia on the NADI program, the Philippines on the Cebu model of integrated health care, and Thailand on fee charging urban programs.

Matched MeSH terms: Women's Rights

Malay divorce in Peninsular Malaysia: the near-disappearance of an institution

Tan PC, Jones GW

Southeast Asian J Soc Sci, 1990;18(2):85-114.

PMID: 12317142

Matched MeSH terms: Women's Rights*

The impact of urbanization on family structure: the experience of Sarawak, Malaysia

Sim HC

Sojourn, 2003;18(1):89-109.

PMID: 21853623

This paper argues that women and men encounter the processes of migration and urbanization in very gendered ways. It examines state development policies and their role in accelerating the pace of urbanization, Using material from a recently concluded study on single mothers in the lower socio-economic strata, this paper explores the impact of these wider processes on the structure of the family and women from this strata specifically.

Matched MeSH terms: Women's Rights/economics; Women's Rights/education; Women's Rights/history; Women's Rights/legislation & jurisprudence

"Clutching a knifeblade": human rights and development from Asian women's perspective

Sancho-liao N

Focus Gend, 1993 Jun;1(2):31-6.

PMID: 12345217

Matched MeSH terms: Women's Rights*

Changing roles of women: reproduction to production

Rachapaetayakom J

Popul Manag, 1988 Dec;2(2):18-27.

PMID: 12282180

Matched MeSH terms: Women's Rights*

Socio-economic determinants of fertility in some countries of Asia

Pathak KB, Murty PK

Artha Vijnana, 1982 Jun;24(2):163-78.

PMID: 12339046

Matched MeSH terms: Women's Rights*

The contraceptive role of breastfeeding by educational attainment: an assessment based on Malaysian fertility and family survey

Othman A

Malays J Reprod Health, 1985 Jun;3(1):77-83.

PMID: 12314429

Matched MeSH terms: Women's Rights*

[Fertility trends and socioeconomic development in the Philippines]

Nebenfuhr E

Demogr Inf, 1991;?(?):48-52, 154.

PMID: 12343124

PIP:
In the Philippines the number of children per woman is envisioned to be 2 by the year 2000 to reach simple replacement level. The crude birth rate had dropped from 43.6% in 1960 to 32.3% during 1980-85 corresponding to 4.2 children/woman. However, the corresponding rates for Thailand and Malaysia were 28% and 32.1%, respectively. The total fertility rate (TFR) was still a high 4.7% in 1988. In 1980 TFR was 3 in Manila, but 3/4 of the provinces still had TFR of 5-6.8 in 1985. Yet the World Fertility Survey of 1970 indicated that the total married fertility rate had decreased from 9.6 in 1970 to 9.1 in 1977. Married women had an average of 4.5 children in 1968 and still 4 children in 1983. Only 1/2 of married women aged 15-45 used contraception. In 1983, only 26.2% of all fertile married women used effective contraception. 63% of Moslim women, 70% of Catholics and Protestants, and 83% of members of the Church of Christ advocate modern contraceptives. From 1967 the National Population Outreach Program of the state sent out family planning advisers to unserviced areas. In 1983 only 37% of married women knew about such a service within their locality, and in 1988 a World Bank investigation showed that 67% could not afford contraceptives. The education, employment, income, urbanization of the household as well as medical care of women and children strongly influenced reproduction. The lifting of living standards and improvement of the condition of women is a central tenet of Philippine family planning policy. A multiple regression analysis of the World Fertility Survey proved that professional women tended to have smaller family size, however, most women worked out of economic necessity not because of avocation. The higher the urban family income, the lower marital fertility; but the reverse is true in rural areas where traditionally large families have had more income, and children have provided future material security. In 1983 1/3 of women with children over 18 received regular financial remittances from them. Thus, appropriate family planning program evaluation has to be concerned with the relationships of fertility and rural areas, the economic development of the community, and the physical access to a family planning clinic.

Matched MeSH terms: Women's Rights*

Fulltext Barriers of modern contraceptive practices among Asian women: a mini literature review

Najafi-Sharjabad F, Zainiyah Syed Yahya S, Abdul Rahman H, Hanafiah Juni M, Abdul Manaf R

Glob J Health Sci, 2013 Sep;5(5):181-92.

PMID: 23985120 DOI: 10.5539/gjhs.v5n5p181

Family planning has been cited as essential to the achievement of Millennium Development Goals (MDG). Family planning has a direct impact on women's health and consequence of each pregnancy. The use of modern contraception among Asian women is less than global average. In Asia a majority of unintended pregnancies are due to using traditional contraceptive or no methods which lead to induced unsafe abortion. Cultural attitudes, lack of knowledge of methods and reproduction, socio demographic factors, and health service barriers are the main obstacles to modern contraceptive practice among Asian women. Culturally sensitive family planning program, reforming health system, and reproductive health education through mass media to create awareness of the benefits of planned parenthood are effective strategies to improve modern contraceptive practice among Asian women.

Matched MeSH terms: Women's Rights

The polygamy debate. Many women are saying that one is enough

Mitton R

Asiaweek, 1996 Dec 20.

PMID: 12291820

Matched MeSH terms: Women's Rights*

[Malay women as producers and managers]

Massard J

Tiers Monde, 1985 4 1;26(102):359-70.

PMID: 12340322

Matched MeSH terms: Women's Rights*

Reducing the impact

Mahathir M

Integration, 1997.

PMID: 12293677

Matched MeSH terms: Women's Rights*

Female immigrants and labor in colonial Malaya: 1860-1947

Lee SM

Int Migr Rev, 1989;23(2):309-31.

PMID: 12315959

"The role of Chinese and Indian women as immigrants and workers in colonial Malaya is examined using data from censuses, immigration records, official reports and secondary sources. The article discusses the main types of work of female immigrants and their contribution to the economic development of colonial Malaya during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries in an attempt to redress the neglect of female immigrants' economic role in Malaya's history. Comparisons between male and female immigrants' labor and between Chinese and Indian immigrants, are drawn to highlight the different conditions of migration and labor for the different groups of immigrants."

Matched MeSH terms: Women's Rights*

Contraceptive use in Cambodia: does household decision-making power matter?

Lai SL, Tey NP

Cult Health Sex, 2020 07;22(7):778-793.

PMID: 32037969 DOI: 10.1080/13691058.2019.1685683

In Cambodia, the growth of family planning services and socio-economic development have resulted in a spectacular rise in contraceptive prevalence rate and an equally remarkable reduction in contraceptive use differentials. With rising educational levels and increased participation in the modern labour market, Cambodian women are playing an increasingly pivotal role in household decision-making. This study used data from three rounds of Cambodia Demographic and Health Surveys to elucidate trends and patterns of contraceptive use. It then examined the determinants of contraceptive use through the use of logistic regression. The central hypothesis to be tested was whether or not women's involvement in household decision-making affected contraceptive use. Multivariate analysis showed that apart from the number of living children, women's work status and education of both men and women had a more significant impact on contraceptive use, as compared to women's power in household decision-making. More effort is needed to empower women in all aspects in order to reduce the socio-economic differentials in contraceptive use and improve their reproductive health, in line with the goal of the global agenda of the sustainable development goals (SDGs) to leave no one behind.

Matched MeSH terms: Women's Rights

Bride burning

Kumar V, Kanth S

Lancet, 2004 Dec;364 Suppl 1:s18-9.

PMID: 15967137

Matched MeSH terms: Women's Rights*

Fulltext In-depth examination of issues surrounding the reasons for child marriage in Kelantan, Malaysia: a qualitative study

Kohno A, Dahlui M, Nik Farid ND, Ali SH, Nakayama T

BMJ Open, 2019 09 03;9(9):e027377.

PMID: 31481551 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-027377

OBJECTIVE: To examine individual, familial, community and societal issues surrounding the reasons for child marriage in Kelantan, Malaysia.

DESIGN: Qualitative study by means of semistructured interviews with women and key informants, using social-ecological model as a conceptual framework.

SETTING: Interviews were conducted in Kota Bharu district, Kelantan, a northeast state in Peninsular Malaysia.

PARTICIPANTS: Eighteen women of reproductive age (18 to 44 years old) that experienced their first marriage below the age of 18, as well as five key informants, consisting of a government officer, a community leader, an officer from religious department and two mothers. The women were recruited from a reproductive health clinic. The key informants who had specialised knowledge related to child marriage were selectively chosen.

RESULTS: Three themes emerged that aligned with the social-ecological model: immaturity in decision-making, family poverty and religious and cultural norms.

CONCLUSIONS: The findings imply that sex education and awareness-building activities regarding the consequences of child marriage must be implemented to eradicate child marriage in Malaysia. Such implementation must be coordinated as a team-based approach involving experts in such fields as law, religion, psychology, social-welfare and public health. In order to increase the awareness of child marriage consequences, the target for awareness must extend not only to the adolescent girls and their families, but also to the community and society at large by clearly communicating the negative consequences of and addressing the drivers for child marriage.

Matched MeSH terms: Women's Rights

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