Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 59 in total

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  1. A new technic for the examination of trichomonas vaginalis
    Hudson AEA
    Malayan Medical Journal, 1937;12:73-4.
    Matched MeSH terms: Clinical Laboratory Techniques
  2. A note on the laboratory diagnosis of virus and rickettsial diseases
    SMITH CE
    Med J Malaya, 1954 Sep;9(1):72-6.
    PMID: 13213455
    Matched MeSH terms: Clinical Laboratory Techniques*
  3. Fulltext A review on the global widespread of TTV infection among humans population
    Nur Syazwani Jarkasi, Zamberi Sekawi, Cheah, Yoke Kqueen, Zulkefley Othman
    The Pertanika Journal of Scholarly Research Reviews, 2018;4(1):10-24.
    MyJurnal
    Torque Teno Virus (TTV) is a human-infected virus that is present ubiquitously in nature. Globally, it infects up to 95% of the healthy individuals without any clinical manifestations. The widely used laboratory diagnosis of TTV infection is Polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Nevertheless, several other methods have been developed. The rapid growth of TTV variants over time has posed a challenge in estimating the global TTV infection as none of the PCR protocol has the ability to detect the entire spectrum of TTV variants. Multiple TTV epidemiological studies have been conducted among Asian population, whereas other continents showed a limited number of studies. The horizontal and vertical transmission of TTV among humans population, as well as interspecies transmission are potentially related to the global widespread of TTV infection.
    Matched MeSH terms: Clinical Laboratory Techniques
  4. Fulltext Active infection and morphometric study of Trypanosoma evansi among horses in Peninsula Malaysia
    Elshafie EI, Sani RA, Hassan L, Sharma R, Bashir A, Abubakar IA
    Trop Biomed, 2013 Sep;30(3):444-50.
    PMID: 24189674 MyJurnal
    Apart from occasional reports of clinical disease affecting horses, there is no information about Trypanosoma evansi in horses in Peninsula Malaysia. Thus, a cross-sectional study was conducted in eight states in Peninsula Malaysia to determine the active presence of T. evansi in horses. A total of 527 blood samples were obtained and examined by haematocrit centrifugation technique (HCT), Giemsa-stained thin blood smear (GSS), morphometric measurements, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and cloning of PCR products. The results showed an overall parasitological prevalence of 0.57% (3/527, CI: 1.6-0.19%) with both HCT and GSS. Morphometric study revealed the mean total length of the trypanosomes including the free flagellum was 27.94 ± 2.63 μm. PCR successfully amplified a trypanosome specific 257 bp in 1.14% of samples (6/527, CI: 2.4-0.52%) and was confirmed by nucleotide sequences. The mean packed cell volume (PCV) for the positive cases detected by HCT was lower (23% ± 7.00) compared to the positive cases detected by PCR alone in the state of Terengganu (35% ± 4.73). In conclusion, this study showed T. evansi infection occurred in low frequency in horses in Peninsula Malaysia, and anaemia coincided with parasitaemic animals. PCR is considered as a sensitive diagnostic tool when parasitaemia is undetectable. The slight lengthier mean of parasite and anaemia may indicate a virulent strain of T. evansi circulating throughout the country. Thus, it's highly recommended to shed light on host-parasite relationship for better epidemiological understanding.
    Matched MeSH terms: Clinical Laboratory Techniques/methods
  5. Fulltext Acute bacteremic pneumonia due to melioidosis developing in the intensive care setting
    Zainal Abidin H, Muhd Besari A, Nadarajan C, Wan Shukeri WF, Mazlan MZ, Chong SE, et al.
    IDCases, 2017;8:63-65.
    PMID: 28417070 DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2017.03.010
    In Malaysia, melioidosis is commonly encountered as this infection is known as part of the endemic area for the disease. Managing cases of positive Burkholderia pseudomallei infection can involve multidisciplinary unit mainly, microbiologist, infectious disease team and intensive care as it may be quite difficult to distinguish melioidosis from a number of other diseases on the clinical setting alone. Laboratory diagnosis plays a vital role in determining the direction of management. Investigations such as culture, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and serology should be evaluated once the disease is suspected. In this particular case, the patient is a young adult involved in a road traffic accident. Unlike any other cases with melioidosis, he had no potential risk factors which may have contributed to the severity of the disease and it is likely that the site of the accident was the source of acquisition of this gram negative bacterium.
    Matched MeSH terms: Clinical Laboratory Techniques
  6. Advances in diagnostics, vaccines and therapeutics for Nipah virus
    Thakur N, Bailey D
    Microbes Infect, 2019;21(7):278-286.
    PMID: 30817995 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2019.02.002
    Nipah virus is an emerging zoonotic paramyxovirus that causes severe and often fatal respiratory and neurological disease in humans. The virus was first discovered after an outbreak of encephalitis in pig farmers in Malaysia and Singapore with subsequent outbreaks in Bangladesh or India occurring almost annually. Due to the highly pathogenic nature of NiV, its pandemic potential, and the lack of licensed vaccines or therapeutics, there is a requirement for research and development into highly sensitive and specific diagnostic tools as well as antivirals and vaccines to help prevent and control future outbreak situations.
    Matched MeSH terms: Clinical Laboratory Techniques
  7. Fulltext Aerosol-generating procedures in thoracic surgery in the COVID-19 era in Malaysia
    Sathiamurthy N, Balasubbiah N, Dharmaraj B
    Asian Cardiovasc Thorac Ann, 2020 Oct;28(8):495-499.
    PMID: 32787442 DOI: 10.1177/0218492320950898
    BACKGROUND: The Covid-19 pandemic has caused changes in the surgical treatment of non-Covid patients, especially in thoracic surgery because most procedures are aerosol generating. Hospital Kuala Lumpur, where thoracic procedures are performed, was badly affected. We describe our experience in performing aerosol generating procedures safely in thoracic surgery during the Covid-19 era.

    METHODS: Medical records of patients who underwent thoracic surgery from March 18, 2020 to May 17, 2020 were reviewed retrospectively. All patients undergoing thoracic surgery were tested for Covid-19 using the reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction method. Patients with malignancy were observed for 10 to 14 days in the ward after testing negative. The healthcare workers donned personal protective equipment for all the cases, and the number of healthcare workers in the operating room was limited to the minimum required.

    RESULTS: A total of 44 procedures were performed in 26 thoracic surgeries. All of these procedures were classified as aerosol generating, and the mean duration of the surgery was 130 ± 43 minutes. None of the healthcare workers involved in the surgery were exposed or infected by Covid-19.

    CONCLUSION: Covid-19 will be a threat for a long time and thoracic surgeons must continue to provide their services, despite having to deal with aerosol generating procedures, in the new normal. Covid-19 testing of all surgical candidates, using the reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, donning full personal protective equipment for healthcare workers, and carefully planned procedures are among the measures suggested to prevent unnecessary Covid-19 exposure in thoracic surgery.

    Matched MeSH terms: Clinical Laboratory Techniques
  8. Fulltext All together to Fight COVID-19
    Momtazmanesh S, Ochs HD, Uddin LQ, Perc M, Routes JM, Vieira DN, et al.
    Am J Trop Med Hyg, 2020 06;102(6):1181-1183.
    PMID: 32323644 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.20-0281
    Novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19), named a pandemic by the WHO, is the current global health crisis. National and international collaboration are indispensable for combating COVID-19 and other similar potential outbreaks. International efforts to tackle this complex problem have led to remarkable scientific advances. Yet, as a global society, we can and must take additional measures to fight this pandemic. Undoubtedly, our approach toward COVID-19 was not perfect, and testing has not been deployed fast enough to arrest the epidemic early on. It is critical that we revise our approaches to be more prepared for pandemics as a united body by promoting global cooperation and commitment.
    Matched MeSH terms: Clinical Laboratory Techniques/standards; Clinical Laboratory Techniques/statistics & numerical data
  9. Fulltext Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 Transmission in Different Settings, Brunei
    Chaw L, Koh WC, Jamaludin SA, Naing L, Alikhan MF, Wong J
    Emerg Infect Dis, 2020 Nov;26(11):2598-2606.
    PMID: 33035448 DOI: 10.3201/eid2611.202263
    We report the transmission dynamics of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) across different settings in Brunei. An initial cluster of SARS-CoV-2 cases arose from 19 persons who had attended the Tablighi Jama'at gathering in Malaysia, resulting in 52 locally transmitted cases. The highest nonprimary attack rates (14.8%) were observed from a subsequent religious gathering in Brunei and in households of attendees (10.6%). Household attack rates from symptomatic case-patients were higher (14.4%) than from asymptomatic (4.4%) or presymptomatic (6.1%) case-patients. Workplace and social settings had attack rates of <1%. Our analyses highlight that transmission of SARS-CoV-2 varies depending on environmental, behavioral, and host factors. We identify red flags for potential superspreading events, specifically densely populated gatherings with prolonged exposure in enclosed settings, persons with recent travel history to areas with active SARS-CoV-2 infections, and group behaviors. We propose differentiated testing strategies to account for differing transmission risk.
    Matched MeSH terms: Clinical Laboratory Techniques/statistics & numerical data
  10. Fulltext BipD of Burkholderia pseudomallei: Structure, Functions, and Detection Methods
    Selvam K, Khalid MF, Mustaffa KMF, Harun A, Aziah I
    Microorganisms, 2021 Mar 30;9(4).
    PMID: 33808203 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9040711
    Melioidosis is a severe disease caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei (B. pseudomallei), a Gram-negative environmental bacterium. It is endemic in Southeast Asia and Northern Australia, but it is underreported in many other countries. The principal routes of entry for B. pseudomallei are skin penetration, inhalation, and ingestion. It mainly affects immunocompromised populations, especially patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The laboratory diagnosis of melioidosis is challenging due to its non-specific clinical manifestations, which mimic other severe infections. The culture method is considered an imperfect gold standard for the diagnosis of melioidosis due to its low sensitivity. Antibody detection has low sensitivity and specificity due to the high seropositivity among healthy people in endemic regions. Antigen detection using various proteins has been tested for the rapid determination of B. pseudomallei; however, it presents certain limitations in terms of its sensitivity and specificity. Therefore, this review aims to frame the present knowledge of a potential target known as the Burkholderia invasion protein D (BipD), including future directions for its detection using an aptamer-based sensor (aptasensor).
    Matched MeSH terms: Clinical Laboratory Techniques
  11. Fulltext COVID-19 screening test by using random oropharyngeal saliva
    Rao M, Rashid FA, Sabri FSAH, Jamil NN, Seradja V, Abdullah NA, et al.
    J Med Virol, 2021 Apr;93(4):2461-2466.
    PMID: 33393672 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.26773
    An optimal clinical specimen for accurate detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) by minimizing the usage of consumables and reduce hazard exposure to healthcare workers is an urgent priority. The diagnostic performance of SARS-CoV-2 detection between healthcare worker-collected nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal (NP + OP) swabs and patient performed self-collected random saliva was assessed. Paired NP + OP swabs and random saliva were collected and processed within 48 h of specimen collection from two cohort studies which recruited 562 asymptomatic adult candidates. Real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction targeting Open reading frame 1a (ORF1a) and nucleocapsid (N) genes was performed and the results were compared. Overall, 65 of 562 (28.1%) candidates tested positive for COVID-19 based on random saliva, NP + OP swabs, or both testing techniques. The detection rate of SARS-CoV-2 was higher in random saliva compared to NP + OP testing (92.3%; 60/65 vs. 73.8%; 48/65; p 
    Matched MeSH terms: Clinical Laboratory Techniques/methods
  12. COVID-19 testing and diagnosis: A comparison of current approaches
    Wong RSY
    Malays J Pathol, 2021 Apr;43(1):3-8.
    PMID: 33903299
    The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 is a novel coronavirus that causes the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). COVID-19 has been declared a pandemic by the World Health Organisation since March 2020. To date, the number of confirmed COVID-19 cases has exceeded 47 million and more than 1.2 million people have lost their lives to the disease. The disease is spreading at an exponential rate with no signs of slowing down. COVID-19 testing and early diagnosis play a crucial role in not just patient management, but also the prevention of the further spread of the disease. Various diagnostic approaches have been applied to detect SARS-CoV-2 infection. This article will critically review these diagnostic approaches and compare each with the gold-standard, which is viral RNA detection using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).
    Matched MeSH terms: Clinical Laboratory Techniques*
  13. Challenges of Covid-19 testing
    Tan GC, Cheong SK
    Malays J Pathol, 2020 Apr;42(1):1.
    PMID: 32342925
    No abstract available.
    Matched MeSH terms: Clinical Laboratory Techniques
  14. Cholera epidemic in the State of Kedah (1963-1964) with administrative, preventive measures, treatment and laboratory investigations
    Subrahmanyam C
    Med J Malaya, 1966 Sep;21(1):41-8.
    PMID: 4224877
    Matched MeSH terms: Clinical Laboratory Techniques
  15. Fulltext Cloning, expression, and immunocharacterization of surface protein containing an altered thrombospondin repeat domain (SPATR) from Plasmodium knowlesi
    Palaeya V, Lau YL, Mahmud R, Chen Y, Fong MY
    Malar J, 2013;12:182.
    PMID: 23734702 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2875-12-182
    Plasmodium knowlesi is the fifth species identified to cause malaria in humans and is often misdiagnosed as Plasmodium malariae due to morphological similarities. The development of an inexpensive, serological detection method utilizing antibodies specific to P. knowlesi would be a valuable tool for diagnosis. However, the identification of specific antigens for these parasites remains a major challenge for generating such assays. In this study, surface protein containing an altered thrombospondin repeat domain (SPATR) was selected as a potentially specific antigen from P. knowlesi. Its multistage expression by sporozoites, asexual erythrocytic forms and gametocytes, along with its possible role in liver cell invasion, suggests that SPATR could be used as a biomarker for diagnosis of P. knowlesi.
    Matched MeSH terms: Clinical Laboratory Techniques/methods*
  16. Cloning, expression, and purification of the hemolysin/cytolysin (HlyE antigen) from Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi: potential application for immunoassay development
    Ong EB, Anthony AA, Ismail A, Ismail A, Lim TS
    Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis, 2013 Sep;77(1):87-9.
    PMID: 23790417 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2013.05.010
    The hemolysin (HlyE) protein of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi was reported to be antigenic. This work describes the cloning, expression, and purification of a hexahistidine-tagged HlyE protein under native conditions. Immunoblot analysis and a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using sera from typhoid patients showed the presence of HlyE-specific antibodies in circulation.
    Matched MeSH terms: Clinical Laboratory Techniques/methods*
  17. Coma and consciousness
    Black W, Arumugasamy N
    Med J Malaya, 1971 Jun;25(4):241-9.
    PMID: 4261293
    Matched MeSH terms: Clinical Laboratory Techniques
  18. Fulltext Comparison between Quantitative Buffy Coat (QBC) and Giemsa-stained Thin Film (GTF) technique for blood protozoan infections in wild rats
    Sahimin N, Alias SN, Woh PY, Edah MA, Mohd Zain SN
    Trop Biomed, 2014 Sep;31(3):422-31.
    PMID: 25382468 MyJurnal
    The quantitative buffy coat (QBC) technique and conventional Giemsa thin blood smear was compared to determine the sensitivity and specificity of the technique in detecting blood parasitic infection of the rodent populations from four urban cities in Peninsular Malaysia. A total of 432 blood samples from four rat species (Rattus norvegicus, Rattus rattus diardii, Rattus exulans and Rattus argentiventer) were screened using both techniques and successfully detected two blood protozoan species (Trypanosoma lewisi and Plasmodium sp.) with Trypanosoma lewisi predominantly infecting the population. Results showed that Giemsa-stained thin film (GTF) was the better detection method on blood parasitemia (46.7%) compared to Quantitative Buffy Coat method (38.9%) with overall detection technique sensitivity and specificity at 83.2% and 74.8% respectively. The sensitivity in detection of Trypanosoma lewisi was 84.4% with value slightly lower for Plasmodium sp. infections at 76.6%. Statistical analysis proved that GTF technique was significantly more sensitive in the detection of blood protozoan infections in the rodent population compared to QBC (p<0.05).
    Matched MeSH terms: Clinical Laboratory Techniques/methods*
  19. Dairy cattle abortion in California: evaluation of diagnostic laboratory data
    Jamaluddin AA, Case JT, Hird DW, Blanchard PC, Peauroi JR, Anderson ML
    J Vet Diagn Invest, 1996 Apr;8(2):210-8.
    PMID: 8744743
    A descriptive study was undertaken on 595 dairy cattle abortion submissions to the California Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory System from July 1, 1987, to December 31, 1989, to determine the etiologic nature and distribution (seasonal and geographical) of dairy cattle abortion in California as reflected by laboratory submissions. Univariate analysis was performed to characterize abortion-related submissions by farm and laboratory variables, and logistic regression analysis was performed to determine factors that may influence success of abortion diagnosis in the laboratory. The proportions of dairies that submitted abortion-related specimens from northern, central, and southern milksheds during the 2.5-year period were 20.3%, 15.7%, and 13.1%, respectively, and 60% of submissions were from medium-sized (200-999 cows) dairies. Submissions consisted of fetus (58%), placenta (2%), fetus and placenta (12%), and fetus, placenta, and maternal blood (0.84%); fetal tissues and uterine fluid constituted the rest. An apparent pattern in abortion submissions was indicated by a peak in submissions during the winter and summer of 1988 and 1989. Infectious agents were associated with 37.1% of submissions; noninfectious causes, 5.5%, and undetermined etiology, 57.3%. Bacterial abortion accounted for 18% of etiologic diagnoses; protozoal, 14.6%; viral, 3.2%; and fungal, 1.3%. Submissions comprising fetus, placenta, maternal blood, or their combinations were associated with a higher likelihood of definitive diagnosis for abortion than tissues, as were fresher specimens and submissions associated with the second trimester of fetal gestation.
    Matched MeSH terms: Clinical Laboratory Techniques/veterinary
  20. Fulltext Diagnosis of Dengue Infection Using Conventional and Biosensor Based Techniques
    Parkash O, Shueb RH
    Viruses, 2015 Oct 19;7(10):5410-27.
    PMID: 26492265 DOI: 10.3390/v7102877
    Dengue is an arthropod-borne viral disease caused by four antigenically different serotypes of dengue virus. This disease is considered as a major public health concern around the world. Currently, there is no licensed vaccine or antiviral drug available for the prevention and treatment of dengue disease. Moreover, clinical features of dengue are indistinguishable from other infectious diseases such as malaria, chikungunya, rickettsia and leptospira. Therefore, prompt and accurate laboratory diagnostic test is urgently required for disease confirmation and patient triage. The traditional diagnostic techniques for the dengue virus are viral detection in cell culture, serological testing, and RNA amplification using reverse transcriptase PCR. This paper discusses the conventional laboratory methods used for the diagnosis of dengue during the acute and convalescent phase and highlights the advantages and limitations of these routine laboratory tests. Subsequently, the biosensor based assays developed using various transducers for the detection of dengue are also reviewed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Clinical Laboratory Techniques/methods*
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