MyMedR

Fulltext Two new species of Simulium (Gomphostilbia) (Diptera, Simuliidae) from Peninsular Malaysia, with keys to Peninsular Malaysian members of the Simulium ceylonicum species-group

Takaoka H, Sofian-Azirun M, Hashim R, Ya'cob Z

Zookeys, 2011.

PMID: 21998510 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.118.1552

Two new species of black flies, Simulium (Gomphostilbia) roslihashimisp. n. and Simulium (Gomphostilbia) lurauensesp. n., are described on the basis of reared adult, pupal and larval specimens collected from Peninsular Malaysia. These two new species are placed in the ceylonicum species-group within the subgenus Gomphostilbia. Simulium (Gomphostilbia) roslihashimisp. n. is most distinctive with the male having almost entirely yellow antennae, and Simulium (Gomphostilbia) lurauensesp. n. is characterized in the female by having the elongate sensory vesicle and the yellowish-white hairs on the base of the costal vein and on the stem vein, in the male by the greater number of large upper-eye facets and the spindle-shaped hind basitarsi which are much narrower than the hind tibiae and femora and in the pupa by the small terminal hooks. Keys to species of the ceylonicum species-group reported from Peninsular Malaysia are provided for females, males, pupae and mature larvae.

Matched MeSH terms: Femur

Relationship between fetal femur diaphysis length and neonatal crown-heel length: the effect of race

Lim JM, Hong AG, Raman S, Shyamala N

Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol, 2000 Feb;15(2):131-7.

PMID: 10775996

To determine whether racial differences affect the relationship between the fetal femur diaphysis length and the neonatal crown-heel length.

Matched MeSH terms: Femur/anatomy & histology*; Femur/ultrasonography*

Fulltext Cryptococcal osteomyelitis of the femur: a case report and review of literature

Zainal AI, Wong SL, Pan KL, Wong OL, Tzar MN

Trop Biomed, 2011 Aug;28(2):444-9.

PMID: 22041767 MyJurnal

Fungal osteomyelitis is a rare opportunistic infection. It exhibits some clinical and radiological similarities to several other bone pathologies. A diagnostic delay may result in significant increase in morbidity. We report a case of a 37-year-old man with underlying hypogammaglobulinaemia presented with isolated cryptococcal osteomyelitis of the femur.

Matched MeSH terms: Femur/pathology*; Femur/radiography

Descriptions of the female, male and mature larva of Simulium contractum Takaoka (Diptera: Simuliidae) from Sulawesi, Indonesia

Takaoka H, Sofian-Azirun M, Chen CD, Halim MRA, Lau KW, Low VL, et al.

Trop Biomed, 2020 Sep 01;37(3):683-690.

PMID: 33612782 DOI: 10.47665/tb.37.3.683

Simulium (Simulium) contractum Takaoka from Sulawesi, Indonesia was known only as the pupa. Its female, male and mature larva are described for the first time. The tentative assignment of this species in the Simulium dumogaense species-group is confirmed by the adult characters including the female and male genitalia. The female and male of this species are similar to those of Simulium (Simulium) tumpaense Takaoka and Roberts but are distinguished by the yellowish femora.

Matched MeSH terms: Femur

Fulltext Comparison of various functionally graded femoral prostheses by finite element analysis

Oshkour AA, Talebi H, Shirazi SF, Bayat M, Yau YH, Tarlochan F, et al.

ScientificWorldJournal, 2014;2014:807621.

PMID: 25302331 DOI: 10.1155/2014/807621

This study is focused on finite element analysis of a model comprising femur into which a femoral component of a total hip replacement was implanted. The considered prosthesis is fabricated from a functionally graded material (FGM) comprising a layer of a titanium alloy bonded to a layer of hydroxyapatite. The elastic modulus of the FGM was adjusted in the radial, longitudinal, and longitudinal-radial directions by altering the volume fraction gradient exponent. Four cases were studied, involving two different methods of anchoring the prosthesis to the spongy bone and two cases of applied loading. The results revealed that the FG prostheses provoked more SED to the bone. The FG prostheses carried less stress, while more stress was induced to the bone and cement. Meanwhile, less shear interface stress was stimulated to the prosthesis-bone interface in the noncemented FG prostheses. The cement-bone interface carried more stress compared to the prosthesis-cement interface. Stair climbing induced more harmful effects to the implanted femur components compared to the normal walking by causing more stress. Therefore, stress shielding, developed stresses, and interface stresses in the THR components could be adjusted through the controlling stiffness of the FG prosthesis by managing volume fraction gradient exponent.

Matched MeSH terms: Femur/surgery

Fulltext The Cytokine and Bone Protein Expression by Ellagic Acid-Hydroxyapatite in Bone Remodelling Model

Primasari DN, Nirwana I, Budi HS, Wardhana AS, Sari AF, Novita N, et al.

ScientificWorldJournal, 2022;2022:6740853.

PMID: 36561943 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6740853

OBJECTIVE: Ellagic acid, a phenolic compound with anti-inflammatory potential, can be used to accelerate the bone healing process and affect human health, while hydroxyapatite is the most commonly used bone graft material. Using a combination of the two materials results in reduced inflammation and increased osteogenesis. This study aimed to determine the effects of combining ellagic acid and hydroxyapatite in bone marker remodelling by analysing the expression of tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin 10 (IL-10), bone morphogenetic 4 protein (BMP-4), and osteopontin (OPN).

METHODS: Thirty Wistar rats were used in the study. A defect was created in each animal's femur using a low-speed diamond bur. In the control group, the bone was then treated with polyethylene glycol (PEG). In one of the other groups, the bone was treated with hydroxyapatite, and in the other, with ellagic acid-hydroxyapatite. The femur was biopsied 7 days after the procedure and again 14 days after the procedure, and an indirect immunohistochemical (IHC) examination was performed for TNF-α, IL-10, BMP-4, and OPN expression.

RESULTS: The ellagic acid-hydroxyapatite decreased TNF-α expression in the bone tissue after 7 days and again after 14 days (p

Matched MeSH terms: Femur

A follow-up study on the effects of a milk supplement on bone mineral density of postmenopausal Chinese women in Malaysia

Ting GP, Tan SY, Chan SP, Karuthan C, Zaitun Y, Suriah AR, et al.

J Nutr Health Aging, 2007 Jan-Feb;11(1):69-73.

PMID: 17315084

A previous study on a randomized controlled trial in 173 postmenopausal Chinese women in Kuala Lumpur showed that milk supplementation was effective to reduce bone loss at the total body, lumbar spine, femoral neck and total hip compared to the control group on a usual diet (Chee et al. 2003).

Matched MeSH terms: Femur Neck/chemistry

The Relationship of Transepicondylar Width with the Distal and Posterior Femoral Condyles and Its Clinical Implications: A Three-Dimensional Study

Lee M, Ho JPY, Chen JY, Ng CK, Yeo SJ, Merican AM

J Knee Surg, 2022 Feb;35(3):280-287.

PMID: 32629512 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1713733

BACKGROUND: Restoration of the anatomical joint line, while important for clinical outcomes, is difficult to achieve in revision total knee arthroplasty (rTKA) due to distal femoral bone loss. The objective of this study was to determine a reliable method of restoring the anatomical joint line and posterior condylar offset in the setting of rTKA based on three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of computed tomography (CT) images of the distal femur.

METHODS: CT scans of 50 lower limbs were analyzed. Key anatomical landmarks such as the medial epicondyle (ME), lateral epicondyle, and transepicondylar width (TEW) were determined on 3D models constructed from the CT images. Best-fit planes placed on the most distal and posterior loci of points on the femoral condyles were used to define the distal and posterior joint lines, respectively. Statistical analysis was performed to determine the relationships between the anatomical landmarks and the distal and posterior joint lines.

RESULTS: There was a strong correlation between the distance from the ME to the distal joint line of the medial condyle (MEDC) and the distance from the ME to the posterior joint line of the medial condyle (MEPC) (p

Matched MeSH terms: Femur/surgery

The effects of orchidectomy and supraphysiological testosterone administration on trabecular bone structure and gene expression in rats

Chin KY, Ima-Nirwana S

Aging Male, 2015 Mar;18(1):60-6.

PMID: 25166624 DOI: 10.3109/13685538.2014.954995

This study aimed to determine the effects of orchidectomy and supraphysiological testosterone replacement on trabecular structure and gene expression in the bone.

Matched MeSH terms: Femur/drug effects; Femur/metabolism

Fulltext Is the femoral neck geometry adequate for placement of the proximal femoral nail in the Malaysian population? A review of 100 cases

Chiu CK, Chan CY, Singh VA

Med J Malaysia, 2009 Mar;64(1):22-6.

PMID: 19852315

Issues that had been encountered during proximal femoral fracture fixation using proximal femoral nail include (i) the adequacy of the femoral neck width in the local population and (ii) the potential difficulty encountered during fixation in certain prefixed angles as determined by the implant. This was a retrospective, descriptive study evaluating the anterior-posterior pelvic radiographs of 100 consecutive patients, from January to August 2007, managed at University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur. The femoral neck width in the population studied was adequate for placement of femoral neck screw and anti-rotation pin or hip pin using the proximal femoral nail implant. (mean = 34.0 +/- 3.7 mm, min = 24.6 mm). There was no significant difference between the working area using an implant angled at 130 degrees or 135 degrees (P = 0.91). Both femoral neck width and neck shaft angle of the Malaysian population studied were not a factor influencing the placement of femoral neck lag screws and anti-rotation pin.

Matched MeSH terms: Femur Neck/anatomy & histology*

Fulltext Growing endoprosthesis in management of bone tumours in Malaysia

Saravanan S, Vivek AS

Med J Malaysia, 2007 Dec;62(5):418-9.

PMID: 18705481 MyJurnal

This is to report on the use of growing endoprosthesis, also known as lengthening prosthesis in the management of four patients in the paedriatic age group in the Orthopaedic Oncolgy Unit at University Malaya Medical Centre. These are custom made prosthesis, designed and made in India based on measured roentrograms. The ages of these patients vary from 6 to 13 years old. These are cases of Osteosarcoma and Ewing's sarcoma around the knee. This is the first time these custom made prosthesis have ever been used in Malaysia. We feel that this is a feasible option for limb salvage in the treatment of primary bone tumours in growing children.

Matched MeSH terms: Femur/surgery*

Cell based therapy for osteoarthritis in a sheep model: gross and histological assessment

Alfaqeh H, Norhamdan MY, Chua KH, Chen HC, Aminuddin BS, Ruszymah BH

Med J Malaysia, 2008 Jul;63 Suppl A:37-8.

PMID: 19024972

This study was to determine if autologous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) cultured in chondrogenic medium could repair surgically induced osteoarthritis. Sheep BMSCs were cultured in medium containing 5ng/ml TGFbeta3 + 50ng/ml IGF-1 for three weeks. The cultured cells were then suspended at density of 2x10(6) cell/ml and injected intraarticularly into the osteoarthritic knee joint. After six weeks, the distal head of the femur and the proximal tibial plateau were removed and stained with H&E. The results indicated that knee joints treated with autologous BMSCs cultured in chondrogenic medium showed clear evidence of articular cartilage regeneration in comparison with other groups.

Matched MeSH terms: Femur/pathology

Fulltext Distraction osteogenesis over intramedullary nail: a report of two cases

Sulaiman AR, Munajat I, Liau KM, Salehuddin AY, Shukrimi A

Med J Malaysia, 2006 Dec;61 Suppl B:48-50.

PMID: 17600992

Distraction osteogeneis over intramedullary nail has a benefit of decreasing the time for external fixation thus reducing the rate of associated complications. However, risk of panosteomyelitis is still the major worry. We are reporting two patients who underwent the procedure. The first case was a 13-year-old girl requiring 6 cm of femoral lengthening and the second case was a 17-year-old girl who required 5 cm of tibial lengthening. The healing index was 19.5 days/cm and 14.8 days/cm respectively, compared favorably to 30 days/cm with traditional method of distraction osteogenesis. There were mild pin tract infections and joint stiffness which responded to non-operative treatment.

Matched MeSH terms: Femur/radiography; Femur/surgery*

Fulltext The two faces of capital femoral epiphyseal injury--new treatment paradigms against the perceived myths

Hassan Shukur M

Med J Malaysia, 2006 Feb;61 Suppl A:1-2.

PMID: 17042219

In this issue of the Journal, there are two articles addressing relevant clinical problems that we may encounter in our practice. The main issue related to the occurrence of the inevitability of the avascular necrosis (AVN) following treatment of two different major types of capital femoral epiphyseal 'injury'.

Matched MeSH terms: Femur Head/injuries*; Femur Head/radiography; Femur Head/surgery; Femur Head Necrosis/etiology; Femur Head Necrosis/prevention & control

Fulltext Slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE): a 12-year review

Kamarulzaman MA, Abdul Halim AR, Ibrahim S

Med J Malaysia, 2006 Feb;61 Suppl A:71-8.

PMID: 17042235

Slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) is a relatively uncommon hip disorder in adolescents and its prevalence in Malaysia has not been studied. This retrospective study is undertaken to provide an overview of a 12-year review of SCFE treated in our institution. Fourteen patients (19 hips) with slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) admitted to Hospital UKM from 1990 to 2002 were reviewed with respect to demographic profile, functional outcome according to the Iowa Hip Score, and complications. There were ten boys (average age, 12.5 years) and four girls (average age, 12 years). Eight were Malays and six were Indians. The average body mass index was 26.1 verweight). The left hips (11 hips) were affected more than the right hips (eight hips). Five patients had bilateral slips. Thirteen hips were considered stable while the other six hips were unstable. The majority of cases were moderate slips (12 hips), four hips had severe slips while three hips had mild slips. Several methods of treatment were instituted. These include in situ cannulated screw fixation (11 hips), Knowles pin fixation (three hips) and gentle closed manipulative reduction with cannulated screw fixation (three hips). One patient with bilateral slips refused surgical treatment. Based on the Iowa Hip Score, most patients (nine) had satisfactory results (excellent or good), three had fair results while one patient had a poor result. Avascular necrosis developed in five hips while chondrolysis occurred in one hip. In situ cannulated screw fixation is the treatment of choice. SCFE is an uncommon condition in Malaysia.

Matched MeSH terms: Femur Head/injuries*; Femur Head/radiography; Femur Head/surgery; Femur Head Necrosis/etiology

Fulltext Transphyseal fracture-separation of the femoral capital epiphysis: a true SCFE of traumatic origin

Aminudin CA, Suhail A, Shukur MH, Yeap JK

Med J Malaysia, 2006 Feb;61 Suppl A:94-6.

PMID: 17042240

Acute traumatic transphyseal fracture of the capital femoral epiphysis is a rare but serious injury. The injury is typically inflicted by a severe trauma. Because of the vulnerability and predisposed anatomy of the femoral epiphysis in relation to its blood supply, the fracture has been designated to have poor prognosis with inevitable osteonecrosis and eventual deformity of the hip. We report a case of such fracture in a 13-year-old child in view to highlight some of the anticipated problems in the management of such injury.

Matched MeSH terms: Femur Head/injuries*; Femur Head/radiography; Femur Head/surgery; Femur Head Necrosis/etiology; Femur Head Necrosis/prevention & control

Failure analysis of stainless steel femur fixation plate

Hussain PB, Mohammad M

Med J Malaysia, 2004 May;59 Suppl B:180-1.

PMID: 15468877

Failure analysis was performed to investigate the failure of the femur fixation plate which was previously fixed on the femur of a girl. Radiography, metallography, fractography and mechanical testing were conducted in this study. The results show that the failure was due to the formation of notches on the femur plate. These notches act as stress raisers from where the cracks start to propagate. Finally fracture occurred on the femur plate and subsequently, the plate failed.

Matched MeSH terms: Femur/radiography; Femur/surgery*

Gross, radiology and ultrasonographic evaluation of coral post-implantation in sheep femur

Fadilah A, Zuki AB, Loqman MY, Zamri-Saad M, Norimah Y, Asnah H

Med J Malaysia, 2004 May;59 Suppl B:178-9.

PMID: 15468876

The study was carried out to evaluate macroscopically the ability of coral to repair a large size bone defect. A total 12 adult, male sheep were used in the study. The large bone defect (2.5cm x 0.5cm x 0.5cm) was created surgically on the left proximal femur and replaced by a block of coral (Porites sp.). Radiographs were obtained immediately after surgery and at 2, 4, 8 and 12 weeks post-implantation. Ultrasonographic examinations were carried out every 2 weeks after implantation up to 12 weeks using ultrasound machine (TOSHIBA Capasee II) connected with 7MHz frequency transducer. The sheep were euthanased at 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks post-implantation and the bone examined grossly. Both ultrasonographs and radiographs taken at 8 and 12 weeks showed that the implants had been resorbed and left the space that much reduced in size. There was no sign of implant rejection observed in all animals. The results showed that processed coral has potential to become bone substitute for reconstructive bone surgery.

Matched MeSH terms: Femur/pathology

A "healthy apatite" for bone repair

Best SM, Patel N, Porter AE, Bonfield W

Med J Malaysia, 2004 May;59 Suppl B:129-30.

PMID: 15468852

Bone is unique in its ability to adapt structure to functional requirements, but as is all too obvious in an ever-ageing population it is susceptible to a number of degenerative diseases. Therefore there is an increasing need for materials for bone replacement. Clearly, the ideal material with which to replace bone, would be bone itself, but the major problem now facing us is that there is an insufficient supply of the natural bone to satisfy the clinical requirements. Hence, there is a need for the development of chemically synthesised bone graft substitutes

Matched MeSH terms: Femur/pathology

Microscopic evaluation of the natural coral (Porites spp.) post-implantation in sheep femur

Fadilah A, Zuki AB, Loqman MY, Zamri-Saad M, Al-Salihi KA, Norimah Y, et al.

Med J Malaysia, 2004 May;59 Suppl B:127-8.

PMID: 15468851

The study was carried out with the aim to evaluate natural coral (Porites spp.) implanted in sheep femur microscopically. Twelve adult, male sheep were used in this study. The defect area was implanted with coral and monitored for up to 12 weeks. The sheep were euthanased at 2,4,8, and 12 weeks post-implantation. Microscopically, natural coral implanted into bone tissue have shown gradual resorption and progressively replaced by new bone. At 12 weeks post-implantation, the implanted site was almost completely surrounded by mature bone. The results showed that natural coral was found to be a biodegradable and osteo-conductive biomaterial, which acted as a scaffold for a direct osteoblastic apposition.

Matched MeSH terms: Femur/pathology*

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