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Fulltext Vasovagal reaction among whole blood donors in Hospital Pulau Pinang. A statistical-epidemiological study

Hasan I, Arshad A, Rahim NA, Soo PY

Asian J Transfus Sci, 2020 07 24;14(1):28-32.

PMID: 33162702 DOI: 10.4103/ajts.AJTS_111_17

CONTEXT: Whole blood donation is generally considered a safe procedure; however, a small percentage of donors could develop vasovagal reactions (VVRs) during or after completion of blood donation.

AIMS: This study was undertaken to establish the prevalence of VVR among whole blood donors in Hospital Pulau Pinang and to investigate factors that lead to its occurrence.

SETTINGS AND DESIGN: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 27,890 whole blood donations in 2016.

SUBJECTS AND METHODS: For each donation, donor's demographic and blood donation-related information was extracted from the blood bank database.

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: Qualitative data including age group, sex, race, frequency, and location of donation were analyzed using Chi-square tests, while blood pressure was analyzed using t-test.

RESULTS: Overall, 425 cases of VVRs were reported, resulting in a VVR rate of 1.5% (one event in every 65 donations). We found a statistically significant association (P < 0.05) between the occurrence of VVRs with the young age group, female gender, Indian race, first-time donor, lower predonation blood pressure, and donation performed in a mobile donation campaign. The most common vasovagal symptoms are lightheadedness (88%), followed by nausea (5.4%), muscle twitching (3.5%), vomiting (1.4%), loss of consciousness <30 s (1.4%), and paresthesia (0.2%).

CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of VVRs among whole blood donors in Hospital Pulau Pinang appeared to be low. Our study reaffirms that blood donation is a relatively safe process, and the incidence of VVR can be further reduced by ensuring strict screening procedure before blood donation.

Matched MeSH terms: Blood Banks; Blood Donors; Blood Pressure; Blood Pressure Determination

Fulltext Guidance on ambulatory blood pressure monitoring: A statement from the HOPE Asia Network

Kario K, Hoshide S, Chia YC, Buranakitjaroen P, Siddique S, Shin J, et al.

J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich), 2021 Mar;23(3):411-421.

PMID: 33319412 DOI: 10.1111/jch.14128

Hypertension is an important public health issue due to its association with a number of serious diseases, including cardiovascular disease and stroke. The importance of evaluating hypertension taking into account different blood pressure (BP) profiles and BP variability (BPV) is increasingly being recognized, and is particularly relevant in Asian populations given the specific features of hypertension in the region (including greater salt sensitivity and a high rate of nocturnal hypertension). Ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM) is the gold standard for diagnosing hypertension and assessing 24-hour BP and provides data on several important parameters that cannot be obtained using any other form of BP measurement. In addition, ABPM parameters provide better information on cardio- and cerebrovascular risk than office BP. ABPM should be used in all patients with elevated BP, particularly those with unstable office or home BP, or who are suspected to have white-coat or masked hypertension. ABPM is also an important part of hypertension diagnosis and monitoring in high-risk patients. ABPM needs to be performed using a validated device and good practice techniques, and has a role both in hypertension diagnosis and in monitoring the response to antihypertensive therapy to ensure strict BP control throughout the 24-hour period. Use of ABPM in clinical practice may be limited by cost and accessibility, and practical education of physicians and patients is essential. The ABPM evidence and practice points in this document are based on the Hypertension Cardiovascular Outcome Prevention and Evidence (HOPE) Asia Network expert panel consensus recommendations for ABPM in Asia.

Matched MeSH terms: Blood Pressure; Blood Pressure Determination; Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory*

Fulltext Acute myocardial injury: an entity of acute coronary syndromes

Daud MS, Khalid Y

Med J Malaysia, 1997 Jun;52(2):183-5.

PMID: 10968081

A 46-year-old Indian man was admitted with unstable angina (Braunwald's class IIIB1)--the chest pain at rest was associated with inferolateral ischaemia on the ECG at admission. His serial total creatine kinase levels were elevated but CKMB was not detected. Serial serum troponin T levels were significantly raised suggesting the presence of significant acute myocardial injury.

Matched MeSH terms: Creatine Kinase/blood; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase/blood; Troponin T/blood*

Fulltext Antibody to hepatitis C virus in thalassemia patients

Isahak I, Baharin R, Hakim AS, Abu Bakar M, George E

Malays J Pathol, 1993 Jun;15(1):85-7.

PMID: 8277796

A specific enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for the diagnosis of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection was developed by recombinant DNA technology. Abbott HCV EIA was used to detect antibody to HCV (anti-HCV) in non-transfused and multiply-transfused thalassemia patients. None of 11 non-transfused patients had anti-HCV but 3 of 52 (5.8%) multiply-transfused patients had anti-HCV. This study showed that the prevalence rate of HCV infection is low in thalassemia patients. However, it is still important to identify hepatitis C virus infected patients in high risk groups because hepatitis C is associated with chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.

Matched MeSH terms: Alanine Transaminase/blood; Blood Transfusion; Thalassemia/blood

Serum ferritin concentrations in male Malaysian blood donors

Ton SH, Lopez CG

Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health, 1980 Mar;11(1):87-90.

PMID: 7403958

Serum ferritin and haemoglobin estimates were carried out on 78 first time blood donors with a view to determining iron store status. Of these 30 were Malays, 20 were Chinese and 28 were Indians. The ferritin level in Malay donors ranged from 16-160 mg/ml (mean 83 +/- 49.4 mg/ml in chinese donors is ranged from 36-500 mg/ml (mean 242.8 +/- 132 mg/ml), and in the Indian donors it ranged from 5 - 270 mg/ml (mean 94.6 +/- 67.9 mg/ml). The haemoglobin concentration for the whole group was 14.9 +/- 1.49 g/dl. There was no correlation of haemoglobin concentration with serum ferritin levels.

Matched MeSH terms: Blood Donors*; Ferritins/blood*

Fulltext The management of beta-thalassemia in an urban district hospital

Lyn PCW, Teh HC, Mulvey RF

Med J Malaysia, 1985 Mar;40(1):3-10.

PMID: 3831730

This paper is based on the beta-thalassaemia programme at the Duchess of Kent Hospital, Sandakan, Sabah. It seeks to show that a hypertransfusion regimen which improves the quality of life of children with thalassaemia major can be practised in district and general hospitals if there is an organised blood recruitment programme, at least at departmental level. Such a programme reduces the demand on the hardpressed hospitals' blood banks. Frequent and regular transfusions can be given with minimal interference with the school and family life of affected children and reduces immeasurably the social, emotional and financial strain on the affected families. There is also an urgent need to define the magnitude of the problem of beta-thalassaemia through population studies so that genetic counselling can be given and adequate resources can be allocated to improve the quality of life of affected patients.

Matched MeSH terms: Blood Banks; Blood Donors; Blood Transfusion*

Blood lead levels in Malaysian urban and rural pregnant women

Lim HH, Ong CN, Domala Z, Phoon WO, Khoo HE

Public Health, 1985 Jan;99(1):23-9.

PMID: 3991872

Matched MeSH terms: Lead/blood*; Lead Poisoning/blood*; Pregnancy Complications/blood*

Fulltext Reproductive hormonal levels in Malay women with superovulatory cycles

Nwe HH, Abdul Wadood H, Abdullah RB, Arshad H

Med J Malaysia, 1990 Sep;45(3):244-50.

PMID: 2152087

This paper presents a study of cycles with spontaneous luteinizing hormone (LH) surge in superovulatory Malay women during in vitro fertilization and gamete intrafallopian transfer programmes. Sixteen Malay women underwent ovarian stimulation for ovum pick up at the National Population and Family Development Board, Malaysia. Two cycles showed spontaneous LH surge, and comparisons were made between these two cycles and the cycles without surge. Further observations were made in their characteristics and differences in these two cycles as well as the relationship between progesterone and LH at the time and before the surge.

Matched MeSH terms: Estradiol/blood; Luteinizing Hormone/blood*; Progesterone/blood

Fulltext Euthyroid hyperthyroxinemia: a case report

Ramanathan M

Med J Malaysia, 1987 Mar;42(1):65-7.

PMID: 3431505

This report deals with the problems of a young man who was clinically euthyroid but biochemically hyperthyroid. The possibility of peripheral resistance to thyroid hormones to explain this paradoxical state is discussed. The importance of recognising this condition to avoid the erroneous diagnosis of thyrotoxicosis and inappropriate therapy is stressed.

Matched MeSH terms: Hyperthyroxinemia/blood*; Thyroid Hormones/blood*; Thyrotoxicosis/blood*

Fulltext Hereditary ovalocytosis in Malays

George E, Mohandas N, Duraisamy G, Adeeb N, Zainuddin ZA, Teng MS, et al.

Med J Malaysia, 1988 Dec;43(4):327-31.

PMID: 3241598

Matched MeSH terms: Elliptocytosis, Hereditary/blood; Fetal Blood/cytology*

Fulltext The disappearance of sleep-related changes of serum prolactin in pregnant women

Rajikin MH, Abdullah R, Hamid Arshat

Med J Malaysia, 1983 Dec;38(4):311-4.

PMID: 6599989

Serum prolactin (hPRL) levels in nonpregnant, pregnant and postpartum women during sleep were investigated. The study showed that in non-pregnant women, there is an immediate shift of hPRL release with reversal of sleeping period. Thus, the nocturnal surge for prolactin is sleep related. In pregnant women, however, while there is an increase in hPRL level during pregnancy, the nocturnal rise of this hormone is not detected and this is observed as early as the first trimester of pregnancy.

Matched MeSH terms: Pregnancy/blood*; Prolactin/blood*; Postpartum Period/blood

Distribution of ABO blood groups and of Rh factor in Singapore

Siong LY, Sing YC, Wan OY

Mod Med Asia, 1976 Nov;12(11):6-8.

PMID: 827682

Matched MeSH terms: ABO Blood-Group System*; Rh-Hr Blood-Group System*

Erythrocyte transketolase activity and anaemia

Chong YH, Ho GS

Med J Malaysia, 1973 Dec;28(2):113-4.

PMID: 4276226

Matched MeSH terms: Anemia/blood; Blood Cell Count; Transketolase/blood*

A comparative study of Eldoncards for blood grouping ABO and RH0 (d) with the Tile Method of typing

Kuah KB, Lim CS

Med J Malaysia, 1974 Jun;28(4):273-5.

PMID: 4278822

Matched MeSH terms: ABO Blood-Group System/analysis*; Rh-Hr Blood-Group System/analysis*

Influence of dietary cholesterol on the total cholesterol and free to ester cholesterol ration of blood and tissues of normal and alloxan diabetic rats

Bhattathiry EP

Med J Malaya, 1966 Dec;21(2):128-30.

PMID: 4227382

Matched MeSH terms: Blood Glucose/analysis*; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/blood*

The importance of ante-natal ABO-Rh-antibody determination

Mendoza-Barker MG

Med J Malaya, 1965 Jun;19(4):306-10.

PMID: 4220857

Matched MeSH terms: ABO Blood-Group System*; Rh-Hr Blood-Group System*

Evidence of an interaction between nifedipine and nafcillin in humans

Lang CC, Jamal SK, Mohamed Z, Mustafa MR, Mustafa AM, Lee TC

Br J Clin Pharmacol, 2003 Jun;55(6):588-90.

PMID: 12814453

AIMS: Nafcillin (Wyeth Laboratories, Philadelphia, PA, USA) has been reported to induce the metabolism of cyclosporin and warfarin, which are known substrates of cytochrome P-450 (CYP). However, there has not been any report to date on its possible interaction with nifedipine, an index substrate of the enzyme, CYP3A4.

METHODS: Nine healthy normotensive subjects participated in this randomized placebo-controlled two-way crossover study examining the effects of 5 days' pretreatment of nafcillin 500 mg or placebo four times daily on the pharmacokinetics of an oral dose of nifedipine 10 mg. Plasma nifedipine concentrations were measured by gas chromatography-mass spectro.

RESULTS: The area under the plasma nifedipine concentration-time curve (AUC0-alpha) in nafcillin-pretreated subjects (80.9 +/- 32.9 micro g l-1 h-1) was significantly decreased compared with subjects who received only nifedipine (216.4 +/- 93.2 micro g l-1 h-1) (P < 0.001). Total plasma clearance of nifedipine (CL/F) was significantly increased with nafcillin pretreatment (138.5 +/- 42.0 l h-1 vs 56.5 +/- 32.0 l h-1) (P < 0.002).

CONCLUSIONS: The results show that nafcillin pretreatment markedly increased the clearance of nifedipine and suggest that nafcillin is a potent inducer of CYP enzyme.

Matched MeSH terms: Nafcillin/blood; Nifedipine/blood; Penicillins/blood

Release of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IFN-γ and IL-6 by Burkholderia pseudomallei- stimulated peripheral blood mononucleocytes of acute myeloid leukemia patients

Zulpa AK, Barathan M, Iyadorai T, Chandramathi S, Vellasamy KM, Vadivelu J, et al.

Trop Biomed, 2021 Jun 01;38(2):180-185.

PMID: 34172708 DOI: 10.47665/tb.38.2.055

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a malignant disease progressed from abnormal production of immature myeloid cells, which is often associated with concurrent infections after diagnosis. It was widely established that infections are the major contributors to mortality in this group due to the prevalency of neutropenia. Gram-negative Burkholderia pseudomallei is the causative agent of melioidosis. This disease had been reported in several neutropenic cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy resulting in severe clinical presentations and high mortalities which is in need of critical attention. Studies show that cytokines are important mediators of melioidosis progression and low neutrophil counts are associated with progression of its severity. However, to date, there are no reports on cytokine production in neutropenic cancer patients who are prone to melioidosis. Hence, here we assessed the cytokine production in neutropenic AML patients by introducing B. pseudomallei to their peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) culture in vitro. We observed that inflammatory response related cytokines namely TNF-α, IFN-γ IL-6 and IL-10 were highly circulated in infected PBMCs suggesting that these cytokines may play important roles in the progression of severity in melioidosis infected neutropenic patients.

Matched MeSH terms: Interferon-gamma/blood*; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/blood*; Interleukin-6/blood*

Preliminary study on serum immunoglobulin G responses following intramuscular inoculation of adjuvanted polyhydroxyalkanoate microparticles with Pasteurella multocida vaccine in white rats

Mohamed S, May Amelia TS, Abdullah Amirul AA, Abdul Wahid ME, Bhubalan K

Biologicals, 2021 Jun;71:51-54.

PMID: 33858743 DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2021.03.002

A natural biodegradable polymer, polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), was adjuvanted with a vaccine seed to observe the biomaterial's ability in enhancing an immune response in rats. The adjuvant potential of PHA was tested using the whole-killed Pasteurella multocida B:2 (PMB2) vaccine in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats to detect changes in serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) responses. A common PHA, poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) [P(3HB)], from Bacillus megaterium UMTKB-1 was constructed into microparticles using the solvent evaporation method. Twelve SD rats were divided into four treatment groups: 1) non-treatment as negative control, 2) P(3HB) adjuvant, 3) PMB2 vaccine, and 4) adjuvanted-P(3HB)/PMB2 vaccine groups, which were intramuscularly vaccinated twice. Immunoglobulins IgG and IgM levels were used as markers of the immune response induced by the adjuvanted-P(3HB)/PMB2 vaccine and analysed over an eight-week study period. The group vaccinated specifically with adjuvanted-P(3HB)/PMB2 vaccine had higher concentrations of immunoglobulins compared to other treatment groups, hence demonstrating the potential of the adjuvant to enhance immune response. Findings showed a need to delay the delivery of the second booster dose to determine the appropriate regime for the adjuvanted-P(3HB)/PMB2 vaccine.

Matched MeSH terms: Antibodies, Bacterial/blood*; Immunoglobulin G/blood*; Immunoglobulin M/blood

The influence of fasting and energy-restricted diets on leptin and adiponectin levels in humans: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Varkaneh Kord H, M Tinsley G, O Santos H, Zand H, Nazary A, Fatahi S, et al.

Clin Nutr, 2021 04;40(4):1811-1821.

PMID: 33158587 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2020.10.034

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Fasting and energy-restricted diets have been evaluated in several studies as a means of improving cardiometabolic biomarkers related to body fat loss. However, further investigation is required to understand potential alterations of leptin and adiponectin concentrations. Thus, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to derive a more precise estimate of the influence of fasting and energy-restricted diets on leptin and adiponectin levels in humans, as well as to detect potential sources of heterogeneity in the available literature.

METHODS: A comprehensive systematic search was performed in Web of Science, PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane, SCOPUS and Embase from inception until June 2019. All clinical trials investigating the effects of fasting and energy-restricted diets on leptin and adiponectin in adults were included.

RESULTS: Twelve studies containing 17 arms and a total of 495 individuals (intervention = 249, control = 246) reported changes in serum leptin concentrations, and 10 studies containing 12 arms with a total of 438 individuals (intervention = 222, control = 216) reported changes in serum adiponectin concentrations. The combined effect sizes suggested a significant effect of fasting and energy-restricted diets on leptin concentrations (WMD: -3.690 ng/ml, 95% CI: -5.190, -2.190, p ≤ 0.001; I2 = 84.9%). However, no significant effect of fasting and energy-restricted diets on adiponectin concentrations was found (WMD: -159.520 ng/ml, 95% CI: -689.491, 370.451, p = 0.555; I2 = 74.2%). Stratified analyses showed that energy-restricted regimens significantly increased adiponectin (WMD: 554.129 ng/ml, 95% CI: 150.295, 957.964; I2 = 0.0%). In addition, subsequent subgroup analyses revealed that energy restriction, to ≤50% normal required daily energy intake, resulted in significantly reduced concentrations of leptin (WMD: -4.199 ng/ml, 95% CI: -7.279, -1.118; I2 = 83.9%) and significantly increased concentrations of adiponectin (WMD: 524.04 ng/ml, 95% CI: 115.618, 932.469: I2 = 0.0%).

CONCLUSION: Fasting and energy-restricted diets elicit significant reductions in serum leptin concentrations. Increases in adiponectin may also be observed when energy intake is ≤50% of normal requirements, although limited data preclude definitive conclusions on this point.

Matched MeSH terms: Fasting/blood*; Leptin/blood*; Adiponectin/blood*

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