Affiliations 

  • 1 Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan
  • 2 Department of Medical Sciences, School of Healthcare and Medical Sciences, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
  • 3 Division of Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
  • 4 Punjab Medical Center, Lahore, Pakistan
  • 5 Faculty of Cardiology Service, Hanyang University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
  • 6 School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
  • 7 Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei Health System, Seoul, Korea
  • 8 JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
  • 9 Institute of Public Health and Community Medicine Research Center, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
  • 10 Centre for Epidemiological Studies and Clinical Trials and Center for Vascular Evaluations, Shanghai Key Lab of Hypertension, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
  • 11 Department of Internal Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Vietnam
  • 12 Department of Internal Medicine, General Medicine and Cardiology, Hiroshima City Asa Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
  • 13 Department of Preventive and Community Medicine and Research Institute for Health Sciences, University of the East Ramon Magsaysay Memorial Medical Center Inc, Quezon City, Philippines
  • 14 Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Medical Center Manila, Manila, Philippines
  • 15 Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia-National Cardiovascular Center, Harapan Kita, Jakarta, Indonesia
  • 16 MIOT International Hospital, Chennai, India
  • 17 Cardiology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Thailand
  • 18 Department of General Medicine, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
  • 19 Division of Nephrology Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Singapore, Singapore
  • 20 Department of Physiology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India
  • 21 Cardiovascular Center and Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
  • 22 Divisions of Hypertension and Heart Failure, Fu Wai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
  • 23 Department of Hypertension, Centre for Epidemiological Studies and Clinical Trials, the Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich), 2021 Mar;23(3):411-421.
PMID: 33319412 DOI: 10.1111/jch.14128

Abstract

Hypertension is an important public health issue due to its association with a number of serious diseases, including cardiovascular disease and stroke. The importance of evaluating hypertension taking into account different blood pressure (BP) profiles and BP variability (BPV) is increasingly being recognized, and is particularly relevant in Asian populations given the specific features of hypertension in the region (including greater salt sensitivity and a high rate of nocturnal hypertension). Ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM) is the gold standard for diagnosing hypertension and assessing 24-hour BP and provides data on several important parameters that cannot be obtained using any other form of BP measurement. In addition, ABPM parameters provide better information on cardio- and cerebrovascular risk than office BP. ABPM should be used in all patients with elevated BP, particularly those with unstable office or home BP, or who are suspected to have white-coat or masked hypertension. ABPM is also an important part of hypertension diagnosis and monitoring in high-risk patients. ABPM needs to be performed using a validated device and good practice techniques, and has a role both in hypertension diagnosis and in monitoring the response to antihypertensive therapy to ensure strict BP control throughout the 24-hour period. Use of ABPM in clinical practice may be limited by cost and accessibility, and practical education of physicians and patients is essential. The ABPM evidence and practice points in this document are based on the Hypertension Cardiovascular Outcome Prevention and Evidence (HOPE) Asia Network expert panel consensus recommendations for ABPM in Asia.

* Title and MeSH Headings from MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.