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  1. Impact of individual and environmental factors on academic performance of pregnant adolescent
    Otegbayo BE, Omar N, Danaee M, Mohajer S, Aghamohamadi N
    BMC Womens Health, 2023 Jul 21;23(1):383.
    PMID: 37480050 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-023-02520-y
    BACKGROUND: Teenage pregnancies continue to disrupt teenage girls' academic development. As a result, teenage mothers are at risk of unemployment, maternal death, and poverty. Previous research, however, has shown that both individual and environmental factors can have a significant impact on the prevalence of adolescent pregnancy. However, there has been little rigorous research on the impact of these factors on pregnant students' academic performance.

    OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between environmental (neighbourhood) and individuals (sexual attitudes, peer attachment) factors. It also examined the influence of individual factors on the academic performance of pregnant teens.

    METHODS: The study included a cross-sectional study of 400 pregnant adolescent students aged 15-19 years. The target groups were drawn from three major cities in Nigeria. Respondents were identified through targeted snowballing. Pregnant participants were a combination of married and unmarried girls attending school from home. Data were collected using a structured and self-completed questionnaire. Thus, frequency, mean and standard deviation were used for descriptive analysis. Pearson correlation analysis was applied to show the relationship between variables.

    RESULTS: The study found that neighbourhood (r=-.125, p = .12) had a negative and significant relationship with peer attachment. However, there was no significant evidence of a relationship between sexual attitudes and neighbourhood (r=-.040, p = .422). There was, however, a significant relationship between sexual attitudes and academic performance (r = .236, p = .000). There was also a relationship between peer attachment and academic performance (r=-.401, p = 

    Matched MeSH terms: Motivation
  2. Women in Neurosurgery (WIN): Barriers to Progress, World WIN Directory and the Way Forward
    Balasubramanian SC, Palanisamy D, Bakhti S, El Abbadi N, Collange NZ, Karekezi C, et al.
    Asian J Neurosurg, 2020 10 19;15(4):828-832.
    PMID: 33708650 DOI: 10.4103/ajns.AJNS_108_20
    Women in Neurosurgery (WIN) have come a long way and are making inroads in every neurosurgical subspecialty. There has been a worldwide increase in the number of female neurosurgeons both in the training and practice. Although this is a welcome trend, gender equality at work in terms of opportunities, promotions, and pay scales are yet to be attained. This is more apparent in the developing and underdeveloped nations. Barriers for a female neurosurgeon exist in every phase before entering residency, during training, and at workplace. In the neurosurgical specialty, only a few women are in chief academic and leadership positions, and this situation needs to improve. WIN should be motivated to pursue fellowships, sub-specialty training, research, and academic activities. Furthermore, men should come forward to mentor women, only then the gender debates will disappear and true excellence in neurosurgery can be attained. This article reviews the issues that are relevant in the present era focusing on the barriers faced by female neurosurgeons in the developing and underdeveloped countries and the possible solutions to achieve gender equality in neurosurgery. The authors also present the data from the World WIN Directory collected as a part of Asian Congress of Neurological Surgeons-WINS project 2019. These numbers are expected to grow as the WIN progress and add value to the neurosurgical community at large.
    Matched MeSH terms: Motivation
  3. Effects of health-related dispositions on citizens' appraisals toward the COVID-19 pandemic and protective behavior
    Fu X, Fu R, Li S, Du X, Zhang M, Duan J, et al.
    PLoS One, 2024;19(9):e0305995.
    PMID: 39236055 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0305995
    In this study, health risk attitude and health locus of control were included as dispositional factors in the Protection Motivation Theory (PMT) to explain people's protective behavior in the context of COVID-19 pandemic. Empirical data involved two waves of data with a sample of 526 adults with full-time jobs from Beijing, China, and structural equation model results confirmed a partial successful extension of the PMT. Specifically, health risk attitude had a direct effect on citizens' protective behavior, but without an indirect effect mediated by threat appraisal toward the COVID-19 pandemic; health locus of control did not directly associate with citizens' protective behavior, but had an indirect effect on it fully via coping appraisal toward the COVID-19 pandemic. Thus, the PMT has been extended by adding a distal dispositional factor on the impact of coping appraisal on protective behavior. Implications for advancing the government's anti-epidemic strategy are discussed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Motivation
  4. Fulltext Self-determination and goal orientation in track and field
    Chin NS, Khoo S, Low WY
    J Hum Kinet, 2012 Jun;33:151-61.
    PMID: 23486244 DOI: 10.2478/v10078-012-0054-0
    This study investigated gender, age group and locality differences in adolescent athletes' self-determination motivation and goal orientations in track and field. It also examined the relationship between the self-determination theory and achievement goal theory. A total of 632 (349 boys, 283 girls) adolescent athletes (aged 13-18 years) completed the Sports Motivation Scale and Task and Ego Orientation in Sport Questionnaire. Results indicated significant differences between gender on intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation, amotivation (t(630) = 4.10, p < 0.05) and ego orientation (t(630) = 2.48, p < 0.05). Male students reported higher intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation, amotivation and ego orientation. A significant difference was found between age groups on task orientation (t(630) = 1.94, p < 0.05) and locality on ego orientation (t(630) = 1.94, p < 0.05). Older athletes showed significantly higher task orientation. Rural athletes had higher ego orientation whereas urban athletes have higher intrinsic motivation. Task orientation was related to intrinsic motivation (r = 0.55, p < 0.01), extrinsic motivation (r = 0.55, p < 0.01), but weakly related to amotivation (r = 0.10, p < 0.01). Ego orientation was related to intrinsic motivation (r = 0.30, p < 0.01), extrinsic motivation (r = 0.36, p < 0.01) and amotivaion (r = 0.36, p < 0.01). Task orientation was related to ego orientation (r = 0.29, p < 0.01). Multiple regression analysis showed intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation and amotivation accounted for 30.5% of the variances in task orientation.
    Matched MeSH terms: Motivation
  5. Fulltext Assessment the Combining Medications with Tobacco during Water-Pipe Smoking among the University Students in Jordan
    Shalan N, Jarrar Y, Nasser W, Al Zoubi S, Jarrar Q, Salahat MA, et al.
    Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2024 Sep 01;25(9):3311-3314.
    PMID: 39342611 DOI: 10.31557/APJCP.2024.25.9.3311
    BACKGROUND: Water-pipe smoking, popularly known as "hookah" or "shisha," is a widespread social activity in the Middle East, involving the use of a water-filtered device to vaporize flavored tobacco. A concerning trend has emerged as individuals add various drugs to the tobacco mixture, complicating the health implications.

    AIMS: This study aimed to explore the prevalence, demographic factors, and motivations behind drug mixing with tobacco in shisha among university students in Jordan.

    METHODS: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, a structured questionnaire was used to collect data on participants' demographics, shisha smoking habits, drug mixing practice and the motivations behind it. Four hundred and sixty-nine (469) students, aged 18-30 years, including medical and non-medical students, from two universities in Jordan participated in this study.

    RESULTS: Approximately 18% of participants reported mixing drugs with tobacco in shisha, with paracetamol being the predominant choice (80%). Motivations varied, with 42% seeking euphoric effects, 46% a relaxing experience, and 12% a sedative outcome. Males (73%) showed a higher frequency of drug mixing compared to females (27%). In addition, non-medical reported mixing drugs with the tobacco of water-pipe more than medical students.

    CONCLUSIONS: This study provides valuable insights into the complex phenomenon of drug mixing with tobacco in water-pipe smoking among university students in Jordan. The findings highlight the need for further research on clinical implications and interventions to address this emerging trend.

    Matched MeSH terms: Motivation
  6. Fulltext Association between emotional intelligence and perceived stress in undergraduate dental students
    Saddki N, Sukerman N, Mohamad D
    Malays J Med Sci, 2017 Mar;24(1):59-68.
    PMID: 28381929 DOI: 10.21315/mjms2017.24.1.7
    BACKGROUND: This study investigated the association of emotional intelligence (EI) and other factors with perceived stress (PS) in undergraduate dental students.

    METHODS: A total of 234 undergraduate dental students at the School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), in the academic year of 2009/2010, participated in this cross-sectional study. Self-administered questionnaires, the Assessing Emotions Scale and the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), were used to evaluate EI and PS, respectively.

    RESULTS: The mean EI score was 121.2 (SD 11.85). The scores were significantly higher in females than males, and in students who chose dentistry based on their own interest rather than in those who were motivated by others to study dentistry. The mean PSS-10 score was 21.2 (SD 5.08). Pearson correlation analysis indicated a significant inverse relationship between EI and PSS-10 scores (r = -0.337). Multi-variable regression analysis also indicated a significant negative linear association between EI and PSS-10 scores (b = -0.156, 95% CI: -0.207, -0.104). PSS-10 scores were significantly higher for students who were in the clinical years rather than the preclinical years.

    CONCLUSIONS: This study of USM undergraduate dental students shows that a low EI, female sex, and being in the clinical years were significant predictors of PS.
    Matched MeSH terms: Motivation
  7. Fulltext Sport Commitment among Malaysian Racquet Sports Athletes
    Ling A, Teo EW, Chin NS
    Malays J Med Sci, 2019 Jul;26(4):86-93.
    PMID: 31496897 MyJurnal DOI: 10.21315/mjms2019.26.4.10
    Background: The Sport Commitment Model is widely used to understand the motivation and commitment of athletes to continue playing sports. However, the factors influencing athletes' commitment to racquet sports have not received much research attention, especially in Malaysia.

    Purpose: This study aims to use the Sport Commitment Questionnaire-2 (SCQ-2) to examine Malaysian athletes' commitment to racquet sports.

    Methods: A total of 612 athletes (367 males/245 females, μ age= 30.32 ± 11.56) completed the SCQ-2, which measures seven factors and two dimensions of sport commitment.

    Results: The results revealed that sport enjoyment was the main factor contributing to the athletes' commitment in all sports. Two-way ANOVA analyses showed significant differences in athletes' enthusiastic commitment [F(3,604) = 44.92, P = 0.00] and constrained commitment [F(3,604) = 15.32, P = 0.00] across four sports. There were also significant differences in both enthusiastic commitment [F(3,604) = 7.53, P = 0.00] and constraint commitment [F(3,604) = 18.82, P = 0.00] across age groups.

    Conclusion: Enjoyment is the main factor in sport commitment. Tennis athletes possess the highest level of enthusiastic commitment across all the racquet sports. Moreover, male athletes showed higher levels of enthusiastic commitment than female athletes.

    Matched MeSH terms: Motivation
  8. Fulltext Incentive spirometry as a means to score breathlessness
    Loh LC, Teh PN, Raman S, Vijayasingham P, Thayaparan T
    Malays J Med Sci, 2005 Jan;12(1):39-50.
    PMID: 22605946 MyJurnal
    Perceived breathlessness played an important role in guiding treatment in asthma. We developed a simple, user-friendly method of scoring perception of dyspnoea (POD) using an incentive spirometer, Triflo II (Tyco Healthcare, Mansfield, USA) by means of repetitive inspiratory efforts achieved within three minutes in 175 normal healthy subjects and 158 asthmatic patients of mild (n=26), moderate (n=78) and severe (n=54). Severity was stratified according to GINA guideline. The mean POD index in normal subjects, and asthmatic patients of mild, moderate and severe severity were: 6 (4-7) 16 (9-23), 25 (14-37), and 57 (14-100) respectively (p<0.001 One-Way ANOVA). Based on 17 asthmatic and 20 normal healthy subjects, intraclass correlation coefficients for POD index within subjects were high. In 14 asthmatic patients randomized to receiving nebulised b(2)-agonist or saline in a crossover, double-blind study, % FEV(1) change correlated with % changes in POD index [r(s) -0.46, p=0.012]. Finally, when compared with 6-minutes walking test (6MWT) in an open label study, respiratory POD index correlated with walking POD index in 21 asthmatic patients [r(s)= 0.58 (0.17 to 0.81) (p=0.007] and 26 normal subjects [0.50 (0.13 to 0.75) (p=0.008)]. We concluded that this test is discriminative between asthmatic patients of varying severity and from normal subjects, is reproducible, responsive to bronchodilator effect, and comparable with 6MWT. Taken together, it has the potential to score disability and POD in asthma effectively and simply.
    Matched MeSH terms: Motivation
  9. Fulltext Validating the Physical Activity and Leisure Motivation Scale (PALMS)
    Molanorouzi K, Khoo S, Morris T
    BMC Public Health, 2014;14:909.
    PMID: 25182130 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-14-909
    Although there is abundant evidence to recommend a physically active lifestyle, adult physical activity (PA) levels have declined over the past two decades. In order to understand why this happens, numerous studies have been conducted to uncover the reasons for people's participation in PA. Often, the measures used were not broad enough to reflect all the reasons for participation in PA. The Physical Activity and Leisure Motivation Scale (PALMS) was created to be a comprehensive tool measuring motives for participating in PA. This 40-item scale related to participation in sport and PA is designed for adolescents and adults. Five items constitute each of the eight sub-scales (mastery, enjoyment, psychological condition, physical condition, appearance, other's expectations, affiliation, competition/ego) reflecting motives for participation in PA that can be categorized as features of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation based on self-determination theory. The aim of the current study was to validate the PALMS in the cultural context of Malaysia, including to assess how well the PALMS captures the same information as the Recreational Exercise Motivation Measure (REMM).
    Matched MeSH terms: Motivation*
  10. Disaster preparedness: an investigation on motivation and barriers
    Dorasamy M, Raman M, Marimuthu M, Kaliannan M
    J Emerg Manag, 2013 Nov-Dec;11(6):433-46.
    PMID: 24623112 DOI: 10.5055/jem.2013.0156
    This article presents a preliminary investigation on the motivations for and the barriers that hinder preparedness toward disasters in a community. Survey questionnaires were distributed to local individuals in the nine districts of Selangor state in Malaysia. A total of 402 usable questionnaires were analyzed. The initial findings revealed that community members are motivated for disaster preparedness mainly for family safety reason. However, generally they do not know how to be prepared. This article concludes by highlighting the importance of knowledge and information in community preparedness. This research is limited to one state in Malaysia. However, the chosen state has a large effect on the Malaysian gross domestic product; hence, lack of preparedness poses a critical risk to its large population. This study on motivation and barriers for disaster preparedness is intended to increase the effectiveness of community readiness as a whole toward major disasters such as landslide and flood. The result of this study is valuable to the scientific community within the disaster management domain, the government agencies for policy and strategy formulations, and the local community to preempt, deal with, and ultimately survive disasters. This research aims to ensure that the community is continuously prepared and able to meet the evolving needs of the individual citizen as the nation strives toward promoting a knowledgeable society.
    Matched MeSH terms: Motivation*
  11. Fulltext Smokers can quit regardless of motivation stage in a worksite smoking cessation programme in Malaysia
    Yasin SM, Retneswari M, Moy FM, Koh D, Isahak M
    Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2011;12(9):2193-8.
    PMID: 22296355
    BACKGROUND: There is an unclear relationship between smoker's early motivation and success rates. Here we aimed to explore the correlates of motivation and smoking abstinence and relapse in worksite smoking cessation programmes.
    METHODS: This prospective cohort study involved employees from two major public universities in Malaysia. Participants were actively recruited into a smoking cessation programme. At the start of treatment, participants were administered a questionnaire on sociodemographic variables, smoking habits and 'stage of change'. Behaviour therapy with free nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) was given as treatment for two months. A similar stage of change questionnaire was given at six months, and their smoking status was determined.
    RESULTS: There were 185 smokers from both Universities, who joined the programme. At six months, 24 smokers reported sustained abstinence while the others had relapsed. Prior to the programme, the majority of smokers were seriously planning on quitting (59.5%--preparation stage), but over a third had no plans to quit (35.5%--contemplation stage). There was no significant difference noted in changes of motivation stage among the relapsers and the non quitters. In addition, logistic regression showed that sustained abstinence was not predicted by pre-session motivation stage, but this did predict higher relapse for the participants, compared to those in the preparation stage.
    CONCLUSION: It is possible to help smokers in the lower motivation groups to quit, provided extra caution is taken to prevent relapse. Healthcare providers' recruitment strategies for cessation programmes should thus encompass smokers in all motivation stages.
    Matched MeSH terms: Motivation*
  12. Volunteer motivations at a National Special Olympics event
    Khoo S, Engelhorn R
    Adapt Phys Activ Q, 2011 Jan;28(1):27-39.
    PMID: 21282846
    Understanding the motivations for people to volunteer with the management and execution of major sporting events is important for the recruitment and retention of the volunteers. This research investigated volunteer motivations at the first National Special Olympics held in Ames, Iowa, USA in July 2006. A total of 289 participants completed the 28 item Special Event Volunteer Motivation Scale. The top motivations related to the purposive incentives of wanting to help make the event a success and to do something good for the community. Factor analysis revealed a five-factor model, with the altruistic factor (purposive) being the most important. A MANCOVA was also used to compare subjects using both gender and experience as independent variables. Small but significant differences in motivation were observed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Motivation*
  13. Fulltext A cross sectional study on the motivators for Asian women to attend opportunistic mammography screening in a private hospital in Malaysia: the MyMammo study
    Hassan N, Ho WK, Mariapun S, Teo SH
    BMC Public Health, 2015;15:548.
    PMID: 26065413 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-015-1892-1
    To date, because of limited budgets and lower incidence of breast cancer, the majority of Asian countries do not have population-based screening programmes, but instead offer opportunistic screening. However, there have been few studies which have assessed the motivators for women attending such programmes and the appropriateness of the programmes in terms of targeting women at risk.
    Matched MeSH terms: Motivation*
  14. Fulltext Individual aspiration or family survival: rural-urban female migration in Malaysia
    Kusago T
    Asian Pac Migr J, 1998;7(4):483-523.
    PMID: 12295220 DOI: 10.1177/011719689800700404
    "This paper analyzes the determinants of female migration to export processing zones (EPZs) in Malaysia. A comparison of the individual and household migration models reveals interesting and important contrasting results. First, the role played by the expected net income gains is opposite in the two models: negative in the individual model, positive in the household model. Second, family migration experience is significant in the individual model but not in the household model. Third, attitudes matter to the household decision on a daughter's migration but not in the individual model. These contrasting results suggest that explaining the daughter's migration decision may require more than separation of the individual motives and familial needs."
    Matched MeSH terms: Motivation*
  15. Motives for intergenerational transfers: evidence from Malaysia
    Lillard LA, Willis RJ
    Demography, 1997 Feb;34(1):115-34.
    PMID: 9074835
    In this paper we discuss a number of hypotheses about motives for intergenerational transfers within the family. We use data on time and money transfers between generations in Malaysia, where there is neither Social Security nor Medicare, to explore these hypotheses empirically. We find evidence supporting the hypotheses that children are an important source of old age security and that old age security is, in part, children's repayment for parental investments in their education. This repayment is partly a function of the children's income and, in the case of females, a function of their spouse's income. We also find evidence supporting the hypotheses that parents and children engage in the exchange of time help for money.
    Matched MeSH terms: Motivation*
  16. Migration plans and hours of work in Malaysia
    Gillin ED, Sumner DA
    Int Migr Rev, 1985;19(2):239-50.
    PMID: 12280256
    "This article describes characteristics of prospective migrants in the Malaysian Family Life Survey and investigates how planning to move affects hours of work. [The authors] use ideas about intertemporal substitution...to discuss the response to temporary and permanent wage expectations on the part of potential migrants. [An] econometric section presents reduced-form estimates for wage rates and planned migration equations and two-stage least squares estimates for hours of work. Men currently planning a move were found to work fewer hours. Those originally planning only a temporary stay at their current location work more hours."
    Matched MeSH terms: Motivation*
  17. Associations between psychological factors and accelerometer-measured physical activity in urban Asian adults
    Müller AM, Tan CS, Chu AHY, van Dam RM, Müller-Riemenschneider F
    Int J Public Health, 2019 Jun;64(5):659-668.
    PMID: 30739208 DOI: 10.1007/s00038-019-01203-6
    OBJECTIVES: Examine the association between psychological variables and accelerometer-measured moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in urban Asians.

    METHODS: A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Singapore. Participants wore an accelerometer for 7 days to measure physical activity (PA). Demographic, anthropometric and psychological data were also collected. Psychological variables included PA guideline knowledge, motivational profile for PA self-regulation (5 subscales), perceived barriers to PA (4 subscales) and perceived social support for PA. Regression models with adjustment for socio-demographic variables were fitted.

    RESULTS: External regulation (b = - 13.03, 95% CI - 34.55; - 1.50) and perceived daily life barriers (b = - 12.63, 95% CI - 24.95; - 0.32) were significantly associated with fewer weekly MVPA minutes. A significant interaction between perceived social support and age (p = 0.046) was found. Social support was significantly negative associated with MVPA minutes in younger (

    Matched MeSH terms: Motivation*
  18. Malaysia family-planning centers strive to maintain gains won in 15-year period
    Roemer R
    Med Trib Med News, 1968 Sep 12;9(74):1.
    PMID: 12229348
    PIP: Family planning in Malaysia is discussed. Family planning began in Malaysia about 15 years ago through the efforts of voluntary family Planning Associations in the various Malay states. In 1966 the Malaysian Parliament passed the National Family Planning Act setting up the National FAmily Planning Board to formulate policies and methods for the promotion and spread of family planning knowledge and practice on the grounds of health of mothers and children and welfare of the family. In 1967, the board set a target of 40,000 new acceptors of family planning and 90% of the target was reached. This represents 3% of the child-bearing married women aged 15-49. The target for 1968 of 65,000 new acceptors is being achieved. A survey of acceptors is to be carried out from December 1968 to April 1969 to ascertain how many women who accepted family planning continue to practice it. Malaysia's crude birth rate declined from 46.2 in 1957 to 37.3 in 1966 before the government program was instituted. Abortion attempts have been frequent. The main method of contraception used is oral contraceptives. According to a 1957 survey, 31% of the married women in the metropolitan areas and 2% of rural women were using contraception. Presently, in Malaysia there is a need to: 1) train personnel to provide services, 2) inform and motivate families to accept family planning, 3) continue a broad educational program, 4) reform Malaysia's antiquated abortion law, and 5) integrate family planning services more fully into the general health services of the country.
    Matched MeSH terms: Motivation*
  19. A sensitive approach to family planning motivation in Malaysia
    Asian Pac Popul Programme News, 1978;7(4):30-2.
    PMID: 12277967
    PIP: The goals of the Malaysian Family Planning Program are not only to reduce population growth from 3% to 2% by 1985 and to bring the crude birth rate to 28.2 from 30.3, but to generally improve the health of the family, and to enhance the government's efforts to raise the per capita income. The work program is divided into the Creative Unit, the Media Unit, the Production Unit, and the Field Diffusion Unit. The objectives are to build up strong support from political, community, and opinion leaders, and to run educational campaigns aimed at motivating potential acceptors. The program also runs centers training medical and paramedical personnel. The program is combined with development programs for women, especially useful among the rural population.
    Matched MeSH terms: Motivation*
  20. Attitudes towards induced abortion in Peninsular Malaysia--a Guttman scale analysis
    Takeshita YJ, Tan Boon Ann, Arshat H
    Malays J Reprod Health, 1986 Dec;4(2):73-90.
    PMID: 12314887
    Matched MeSH terms: Motivation*
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