MyMedR

Fulltext Carbon monoxide poisoning from gas water heater installed and operated in the bathroom

Chong CK, Senan P, Kumar GV

Med J Malaysia, 1997 Jun;52(2):169-71.

Two cases of carbon monoxide poisoning involving 3 victims occurred in Cameron Highlands in the months of August and September 1995. Two of the victims were found dead in the bathrooms where they were taking a bath while the other one survived. Blood toxicology from the post mortems revealed high levels of carbon monoxide. The only significant source of carbon monoxide in both cases were the gas water heaters which were installed in the bathrooms. A multigas detector was used to monitor the level of carbon monoxide in one of the bathrooms and carbon monoxide was found to be produced to 1200 ppm in 16 minutes during operation of the heater. Carbon monoxide poisoning from gas water heaters installed in bathroom is a significant hazard.

Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool

Fulltext Hookworm infection and reinfection following treatment among Orang Asli children

Norhayati M, Oothuman P, Fatmah MS, Muzain Minudin Y, Zainuddin B

Med J Malaysia, 1995 Dec;50(4):314-9.

PMID: 8668049

In hookworm endemic areas where sanitation is often wanting, reinfection of treated children is a problem. This study was conducted to enumerate the prevalence and the reinfection rate of hookworm in 193 Orang Asli children following treatment with stat dose of 400mg of albendazole at 2 and 4 months post-treatment. All samples were examined using the Kato-Katz and Harada Mori techniques. The overall initial prevalence was 31.0%, with 27.0% in males and 34.0% in females although there was no statistical difference. Only 7.0% of the children had moderate intensity of infection. The overall infection rate at 2 and 4 months post-treatment was 11.0% and 8.0%. New cases were detected at 1.0% and 5.0% at 2 and 4 months post-treatment period. Reinfection rate 2 months post-treatment was 24.0%, and it was 30.0%, 4 months after treatment. All infection at 2 and 4 months post-treatment were light. Long-term strategies incorporating health education on personal hygiene, provision of toilets and safe water supply need to be adopted in these Orang Asli villages to control rapid reinfection.

Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool

Acquired platelet dysfunction with eosinophilia in white children

Poon MC, Ng SC, Coppes MJ

J Pediatr, 1995 Jun;126(6):959-61.

PMID: 7776107

Acquired platelet dysfunction associated with eosinophilia has been described mainly in indigenous Southeast Asian and East Indian children. We describe two white boys in whom this disorder developed after they had lived in Malaysia for 12 to 18 months. Acquired platelet dysfunction associated with eosinophilia should therefore be considered in children who, after a visit to this region, have easy bruising and esoinophilia.

Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool

Expanded programme on immunization. Poliomyelitis outbreak, 1992

Wkly. Epidemiol. Rec., 1993 Oct 8;68(41):297-300.

PMID: 8240941

Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool

Fulltext Computed tomography (CT) of orbital pseudotumour

Zulfiqar A, Abdul-Samad S, Alias D, Norizan A

Med J Malaysia, 1993 Jun;48(2):160-5.

PMID: 8350791

Orbital pseudotumour is a non-specific inflammatory disease. Its highly variable clinical and radiographic presentation makes specific diagnosis difficult. This study on 31 proven cases of pseudotumour shows that unilateral involvement, retroorbital fat infiltration and enlargement of multiple extraocular muscles with involvement of the tendinous insertions are key computed tomography CT features which help to establish the diagnosis of orbital pseudotumour.

Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool

Fulltext Non-familial haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in children

Hoh MC, Lin HP

Med J Malaysia, 1997 Jun;52(2):146-50.

PMID: 10968072

Haemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare clinical illness with a high mortality. There are reported effective treatment and a favourable outcome if diagnosed early. Five cases of childhood non-familial HLH seen over a 3 year period in our hospital are presented. The diagnosis was not suspected in the referring hospitals even after a bone marrow biopsy examination in two cases. Delay in referral was between 2 weeks to 2 months. A viral trigger was detected in only two cases. There were two deaths. Cause of death in both cases were cytomegalovirus pneumonitis and disseminated intravascular coagulopathy. Respond to treatment was better if started earlier. One case spontaneously resolved. Earlier diagnosis will lead to prompt treatment and a better outcome.

Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool

Fulltext Paediatric day care anaesthesia--our first two years experience at the Paediatric Institute, Hospital Kuala Lumpur

Lim SK, Lew YS

Med J Malaysia, 1997 Jun;52(2):151-4.

PMID: 10968073

The first two years anaesthetic experience of paediatric day care surgery is reviewed. Four hundred and three patients underwent 447 general surgical procedures. The mean age of the patients was 5.4 years with the youngest being 5 months old. The commonest procedures performed were herniotomy, circumcision, correction of hydrocoele and orchidopexy. The overall postoperative admission rare was 2.5%. No major complications were seen. Anaesthesia for paediatric day care surgery is safe provided patients are carefully selected and evaluated, appropriate anaesthetic management instituted and proper discharge criteria adhered to.

Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool

Fulltext Femoral shaft fracture in children treated by early hip spica cast: early result of a prospective study

Jamaludin M

Med J Malaysia, 1995 Mar;50(1):72-5.

PMID: 7752980

Twenty-four children under the age of 10 years with femoral shaft fractures were treated by early immobilization of fracture and application of hip spica cast. The average hospital stay was 3.5 days. The average shortening at time of fracture union was 15 mm. The average time of follow up was 6.7 months. All fractures healed, except for one, in an acceptable position. The average shortening at last follow up was 9.5 mm and the average overgrowth up to the time was 6 mm. There was no incidence of refracture, joint stiffness or any pressure sore.

Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool

Incomplete hypospadiac urethral duplication with posterior urethral valves

Ramanujam TM, Sergius A, Usha V, Ramanathan S

Pediatr Surg Int, 1998 Nov;14(1-2):134-7.

PMID: 9880724

Urethral duplication (UD) is an uncommon malformation. Obstruction rarely occurs in hypospadiac UD. We describe two children with incomplete hypospadiac UD in association with posterior urethral valves, a combination not previously recognised. The embryonic significance of this anomaly is discussed. Keywords Urethral duplication. Hypospadias. Posterior urethral valve. Megalourethra

Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool

Child mortality in Malaysia: explaining ethnic differences and the recent decline

Panis CW, Lillard LA

Popul Stud (Camb), 1995 Nov;49(3):463-79.

PMID: 11608959

Infant and child mortality rates have dropped sharply for all ethnic groups in Malaysia between 1950 and 1988, but persistent ethnic differences remain. In this article we assess the contribution of several potential reasons both for the decline and the remaining differences between the Malay and Chinese sub-populations. Increased use of health inputs is found to explain a substantial part of the decline, but increased education of mothers, and income growth are also important. Longer spacing between births, and, higher average age at birth as a result of lower fertility and higher age at marriage provide only a marginal direct contribution to the fall in mortality. We find that lower mortality among the Chinese is accounted for by their higher incomes and greater propensty to purchase medical care. We also control for self-selection among users of medical care, and find that those who use health care in Malaysia tend to be subject to higher-than-average risks.

Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool

Fulltext Osteogenesis Imperfecta and non-accidental injury: problems in diagnosis and management

Kasim MS, Cheah I, Sameon H

Med J Malaysia, 1995 Jun;50(2):170-5.

PMID: 7565189

It has been noted in the literature that Osteogenesis Imperfecta is frequently mistaken for non-accidental injury. This article serves to illustrate the difficulty in differentiating between the two conditions and that they can occur concomitantly in one patient.

Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool

Dengue situation in Malaysia

Poovaneswari S

Malays J Pathol, 1993 Jun;15(1):3-7.

PMID: 8277787

Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool

Problems in diagnosis and classification of dengue virus infection

George R

Malays J Pathol, 1993 Jun;15(1):25-7.

PMID: 8277785

Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool

Fulltext The prevalence of cryptosporidiosis in children and adults at University Hospital, Kuala Lumpur

Ng KP, Shekhar KC

Med J Malaysia, 1993 Sep;48(3):293-6.

PMID: 8183141

A total of 320 faecal specimens obtained from 295 patients (192 children and 103 adults) with diarrhoea and 47 faecal specimens from healthy adults were screened for Cryptosporidium oocysts. Faecal specimens were first screened by modified Ziehl Neelsen stain and specimens with oocysts were confirmed by direct immunofluorescence technique. Cryptosporidium oocysts were detected in 4 children but not in normal healthy adults or in diarrhoeic adults.

Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool

Fulltext A one year community-based study on the incidence of diarrhoea and rotavirus infection in urban and suburban Malaysian children

Yap KL, Yasmin AM, Wong YH, Ooi YE, Tan SC, Jegathesan M, et al.

Med J Malaysia, 1992 Dec;47(4):303-8.

PMID: 1303484

A 1 year longitudinal study of 156 Malaysian children from urban and suburban areas in the Klang Valley revealed that the incidence rate of diarrhoea was 23.6 per 100 person-year with abnormal faeces reported on 0.26% of the total days of observation. Diarrhoea cases were detected in children from all socioeconomic classes. Rotavirus was isolated from 12% of the diarrheic children and asymptomatic rotavirus infection occurred in 3.2% of the children. All rotaviruses isolated were group A rotaviruses with long electrophoretypic pattern.

Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool

Fulltext Recurrent headaches in children--an analysis of 47 cases

Hussain IH

Med J Malaysia, 1995 Dec;50(4):365-9.

PMID: 8668058

In a retrospective analysis of paediatric referrals to a Neurology Outpatient Clinic, the largest single category of 47 patients (32%) presented with acute recurrent headache. There were 30 girls and 17 boys. Age of onset ranged from 4 to 11 years (8.35 +/- 1.98) and duration of headache from half month to 42 months (19.2 +/- 11.9). Only 6 children were unable to describe the quality of their pain. Using conventional criteria, 43 of the children could be classified as classical migraine (10), common migraine (20), basilar migraine (3), ophthalmoplegic migraine (1) and tension tension headache (9). None had any positive physical signs, and all responded to simple measures.
Study site: Paediatric Neurology Clinic, Neurology Institute, Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool

Fulltext Nutrient intake and socio-economic status among children attending a health exhibition in Malaysian rural villages

Norhayati M, Noor Hayati MI, Oothuman P, Fatmah MS, Zainudin B, Fatimah A

Med J Malaysia, 1995 Dec;50(4):382-90.

PMID: 8668061

A dietary survey was carried out in 216 children (109 males, 107 females) aged 1-7 years, living in rural villages in Selangor, Malaysia to assess their nutrient intake and to determine the association between nutrient consumption and socio-economic background. All the children studied had inadequate intakes of energy, iron and niacin according to Recommended Daily Intake (RDI). Children aged of 4-9 years showed inadequate intake of calcium, thiamine and riboflavin. However, the intake of protein, vitamin A and ascorbic acid were above the recommended value. The mean percentage requirements of protein, iron and niacin were significantly higher in children from small families compared with children from large families. However the employment status of mothers had a significantly effect on the mean percentage requirements of niacin. The results indicate that education level of the mothers, is strongly associated with the mean percentage nutrient requirements of children and we strongly feel that this is a strategy to be adopted for improvement in nutrition of children.

Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool

Cyclic vomiting syndrome in South-East Asian children

Lee WS, Kaur P, Boey CC, Chan KC

J Paediatr Child Health, 1998 Dec;34(6):568-70.

PMID: 9928652

OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical features, management and outcome of children with cyclic vomiting syndrome (CVS) from South-East Asia.

METHODOLOGY: Retrospective review of all children who fulfilled the diagnostic criteria of CVS and who were seen at Department of Paediatrics, University of Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur and Paediatric Unit, Penang Hospital, Penang, Malaysia from 1987 to 1997.

RESULTS: Eight children with CVS were seen at the two units during the study period, five girls and three boys. All had cyclical, self-limited episodes of nausea and vomiting with symptom-free intervals. The mean age of onset was 5.9 years. The clinical features were similar to other series described in the literature. Only two of the eight children were described as 'perfectionist'. Two children identified stress as precipitating factors. Therapy to reduce the number of emeses during acute attacks and to prevent subsequent attacks had been ineffective.

CONCLUSION: There are similarities and differences in CVS from South-East Asian children as compared to those described in the literature.

Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool

Fulltext Glucose: a reevaluation of its intraoperative use in paediatric surgery

Lim SK, Loh SP

Med J Malaysia, 1997 Mar;52(1):64-9.

PMID: 10968055

Blood glucose concentration was measured in 100 children immediately before and during surgery. These children were randomly assigned to receive either lactated Ringer's (LR) solution or 5% dextrose in lactated Ringer's (5%D/LR) intraoperatively as maintenance and replacement fluids. Blood samples were taken immediately after induction of anaesthesia and at 1/2, 1, 1.5, 2 and subsequent hours. Blood glucose concentration was assayed by a reflectance meter. None of the patients was noted to be hypoglycaemic pre- and intraoperatively. Intraoperative blood glucose concentration increased significantly (p < 0.05) from preoperative levels for both groups of children but the increase in those that received 5%D/LR was significantly greater (p < 0.05) than those who received LR. The number of children who were hyperglycaemic during surgery was also greater in those who received 5% dextrose in lactated Ringer's as their intraoperative fluid. These data suggest that lactated Ringer's alone is a safe and appropriate fluid for intraoperative fluid therapy in children.

Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool

Fulltext Supernumerary chromosomes in mosaic Turner syndrome

Thong MK, Manonmani V, Norlasiah IS

Med J Malaysia, 1996 Dec;51(4):487-90.

PMID: 10968041

The finding of a supernumerary or marker chromosome in a karyotype poses difficulty in genetic counselling. The true incidence and significance of this chromosomal aberration is unknown in Malaysia. We report two patients who presented with supernumerary chromosomes in mosaic Turner syndrome.

Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool

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