MyMedR

Fulltext Risk factors and complications of acute ischaemic stroke patients at Hospital Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (HUKM)

Hamidon BB, Raymond AA

Med J Malaysia, 2003 Oct;58(4):499-505.

PMID: 15190624

In Malaysia, there is limited information on the mortality and morbidity after an acute stroke in hospitalised patients. The objective of the study was to identify the type, time of onset, and frequency of medical and neurological complications following an acute ischaemic stroke. Consecutive patients with acute ischaemic stroke who were admitted to Hospital Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia from June 2000 to January 2001 were observed. The complication rate was 20.9%. The most common individual complication was pneumonia (12.3%), followed by septicaemia (11.0%), urinary tract infection (4.3%), and upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage (3.7%). The overall mean length of stay was 7.48 days. The independent risk factors for complications were diabetes mellitus (OR 2.87; 95%CI 1.06 to 7.78), middle cerebral artery (MCA) infarcts (OR 10.0; 95%CI 4.1 to 24.3), and Glasgow coma score (GCS) less than 9(OR 3.8; 95%CI 1.03 to 14.3). Infection was the commonest complication observed. Patients with diabetes mellitus, poor GCS and large MCA infarcts had a higher risk of developing complications.

Matched MeSH terms: Acute Disease

Fulltext A study of admission criteria and early management of adult patients with acute asthma

Kanesalingam R, Lu YS, Ong JJ, Wong SS, Vijayasingham P, Thayaparan T, et al.

Med J Malaysia, 2003 Oct;58(4):587-93.

PMID: 15190635

We studied the admission criteria and first 24-hour management of 62 asthmatic patients admitted from Accident and Emergency (A&E) department of a state hospital. Data was collected prospectively over a 6-month period from the doctors' medical records with reference to recommendations of the Malaysian Thoracic Society (MTS) on management of acute asthma. Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR) records were present in only 14.5% of the A&E notes and 54.8% of the ward notes. Most of these readings were below 75% of predicted normal values. Over half of the patients had records on ability to speak full sentences, and respiratory and pulse rates. Based on other records on criteria for life-threatening features (including arterial blood gases), 42% of patients studied had life threatening asthma exacerbations. Most received appropriate treatment as recommended by the MTS. We conclude that while most patients were admitted and treated appropriately, medical documentation regarding acute asthma assessment were inadequate in some.
Study site: Hospital Tuanku Jaafar, Seremban, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia

Matched MeSH terms: Acute Disease

Fulltext Scopulariopsis brevicaulis infection in a patient with acute myeloid leukemia

Ng KP, Soo-Hoo TS, Na SL, Gan GG, Sangkar JV, Teh AKH

Med J Malaysia, 2003 Oct;58(4):608-12.

PMID: 15190640

Scopulariopsis brevicaulis is a soil fungus normally associated with onychomycosis. It causes subcutaneous infection in immunocompromised patients and is rarely isolated from blood. A case of systemic Scopulariopsis brevicaulis infection was reported in a patient with acute myeloid leukemia. The patient developed persistent fever that did not respond to wide spectrum antibiotics and amphotericin B. Scopulariopsis brevicaulis was the only pathogen isolated from blood cultures. The fever subsided with itraconazole and there was no recurrence of fungal infection with prolonged maintenance of oral itraconazole.

Matched MeSH terms: Acute Disease

Interleukin-2 levels in chronic schizophrenia patients

Mahendran R, Mahendran R, Chan YH

Ann Acad Med Singap, 2004 May;33(3):320-3.

PMID: 15175772

INTRODUCTION: Most research in interleukin activity in schizophrenia has been in Caucasian populations. We examined interleukin-2 (IL-2) levels and their relation to the duration of the illness, psychopathology and treatment effects, in chronic schizophrenia patients of Asian origin.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty chronic schizophrenia patients were recruited for the study and their demographic data and medication dosage were noted. Symptom severity was scored on the Positive And Negative Syndrome scale for Schizophrenia (PANSS) and blood sampling done. Ten healthy Chinese males were recruited as controls. Phytohaemagglutinin-stimulated production of serum levels of IL-2 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

RESULTS: IL-2 levels (1327 +/- 596.2) of all 30 patients were significantly lower than that of the Chinese controls (2420 +/- 342.5). This effect was noted throughout the entire duration of the illness. Ethnic and age differences in IL-2 levels were not found. There was, however, a negative correlation with the duration of the illness and a positive correlation with the dosage of medication.

CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study of a population of mostly Chinese patients with schizophrenia replicate an important finding. Data such as this has not been reported previously on Asians of this racial group.

Matched MeSH terms: Chronic Disease

Fulltext Prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus carriage by young Malaysian footballers during indoor training

William JL, Radu S, Aziz SA, Rahim RA, Cheah YK, Liwan A, et al.

Br J Sports Med, 2004 Feb;38(1):12-4.

PMID: 14751938

BACKGROUND: Research has shown that athletes are carriers of Staphylococcus aureus during physical activity.
OBJECTIVE: To estimate the mean total plate count of S aureus carried by footballers before and after training at an indoor venue.
METHODS: Forty Malay and 20 Indian students volunteered to participate. There was also a control group consisting of 40 Malay and 20 Indian students who were not active. The experimental group were active footballers who had played at school or club level. The subjects were healthy and free of skin infection. The experiment was divided into three sessions, with 20 subjects present at each. At each session, the subjects trained for one hour. Swabs were taken from the skin, nose, and ear before and after training. For the control group, swabs were taken only once from the skin, nose, and ear. The swabs were subjected to biochemical tests and then streaked and cultured aerobically in Baird Parker agar plates for 24 hours at 37 degrees C. Black colonies with a clear zone were presumed to be S aureus, and the mean total plate count of the colonies was estimated. Gram staining, catalase, coagulase slide, coagulase tube, acetoin production, o-nitrophenyl beta-D-galactopyranoside (ONPG), and mannitol fermentation tests were used to confirm the colonies as S aureus. A haemolysin test was conducted with human blood to confirm haemolytic activity.
RESULTS: All subjects in the experimental group were carrying S aureus both before and after training. The estimated mean total counts of colonies from the skin, ear, and nose for the Malays before training were 33, 71, and 312 respectively. Counts after training were 21, 44, and 452 respectively. The results for the Indians were 72, 80, and 309 respectively before training and 55, 200, and 466 respectively after training. The positive results for Gram staining, catalase, coagulase slide, coagulase tube, acetoin production, ONPG, and mannitol fermentation tests were 100%, 96%, 95%, 95%, 93%, 93%, and 90% respectively. All subjects in the control group were also carrying S aureus.
CONCLUSIONS: All of the players were carriers of S aureus during training. The decrease in total count from the skin for both races may be due to lysozyme activity lysing the bacterial cells. Contamination of the environment with these bacteria may have increased the estimated total plate count in the nose. The experimental group face a higher risk of infection because of lower immunity during training and higher rate of injuries compared with the control group.

Matched MeSH terms: Disease Susceptibility

Fulltext Acute haematogenous osteomyelitis: an unusual complication following a closed fracture of the femur in a child

Baharuddin M, Sharaf I

Med J Malaysia, 2001 Dec;56 Suppl D:54-6.

PMID: 14569768

We report a rare case of an acute haematogenous osteomyelitis of the femur in a five-year-old boy following a closed fracture of the femur. Because of its rare occurrence, the diagnosis of osteomyelitis was missed initially. He presented with a groin abscess seven weeks after injury. He was treated with external fixation, repeated debridements and intravenous antibiotics. Culture grew Staphylococcus aureus. The latest follow-up one-year after the injury showed resolution of the infection and union of the fracture. The range of knee movement is limited from 0-90 degrees due to quadriceps contracture.

Matched MeSH terms: Acute Disease

Fulltext Species distribution and antibiotic resistance of shigella isolates in an urban community in Malaysia

Lee WS, Puthucheary SD

Med J Malaysia, 2003 Jun;58(2):262-7.

PMID: 14569747 MyJurnal

There is an increasing trend for Shigella isolates worldwide to be resistant to commonly prescribed antibiotics. The species distribution and antibiotic resistance of Shigella species isolated from children in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia from 1978 to 1997 was reviewed. Three hundred and eighty six isolates were positive for Shigella species, representing 1.4% (95% CI: 1.3%-1.6%) of the 26320 total stool specimens and 13% (95% CI: 11.8%-14.2%) of 2986 isolates positive for bacterial pathogens. Shigella flexneri, constituting 74% of all isolates in the first five years of the study, decreased by 40% during the last five years (95% CI of decrease: 22.1%-57.9%), p-value < 0.0001) to 34%. There was a significant reduction (chi2 for linear trend = 77.6, p-value < 0.001) in the number of Shigella isolates as a percentage of total stool isolates obtained. 58% of the 241 isolates tested for antibiotic sensitivity were resistant to at least one antibiotic, and 42% wEre multi-resistant to three or more antibiotics. Shigella species was not a common pathogen among children admitted with diarrhoea in Kuala Lumpur, and was more likely to be resistant to commonly prescribed antibiotics.

Matched MeSH terms: Acute Disease

Fulltext Pancreatitis leading to retroperitoneal fibrosis and ureteric obstruction

Tan HM, Khoo J, Pang KP

Med J Malaysia, 2003 Jun;58(2):286-9.

PMID: 14569752

Two patients who had acute pancreatitis subsequently developed characteristic appearance on urography of smooth extrinsic narrowing and medial deviation of the right ureter suggestive of retroperitoneal fibrosis (RPF) resulting in ureteric obstruction. Both these patients had clinical, biochemical and sonographic evidence of acute pancreatitis. CT scan of the abdomen performed on the second patient also documented acute pancreatitis. Intravenous urograms were consistent with ureteric obstruction due to retroperitoneal fibrosis. Both cases were treated conservatively. They were well after an average of 20 months. These 2 cases illustrate the uncommon association between pancreatitis and RPF.

Matched MeSH terms: Acute Disease

The reproductive systems of Indoplanorbis exustus (Deshayes) (Planorbidae: Pulmonata) and Lymnae rubiginosa (Michelin) (Lymnaeidae: Pulmonata) a description in healthy and trematode habouring snails

Ong PL, Kuan E

Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 1973 Mar;4(1):46-54.

PMID: 4718128

Matched MeSH terms: Disease Vectors

Clonorchis sinensis in West Malaysia

Bisseru B

Trop Geogr Med, 1970 Sep;22(3):352-6.

PMID: 5528459

Matched MeSH terms: Disease Vectors

Family development: a classic example

Bul Keluarga, 1979 Jul-Aug;97:4-5, 8.

PMID: 12261448

PIP: On August 15, 1978, the integrated parasite control/family planning program was launched by the National Family Planning Board in the Tanjong Malim Estate in Kuala Lumpur (the estate is a rubber oil palm plantation) to enhance the health status of the estate workers and their families. Personal hygiene, good toilet habits, and washing fruits and vegetables before eating were emphasized. Pre- and post-surveys of worm infestation of the estate population revealed that treatment with drugs dramatically reduced the rate of intestinal helminthiasis infection among the population. To sustain the prevention or total eradication of the disease, an ongoing educational program was initiated and included the following features: 1) increasing knowledge of the community as to how intestinal helminthiasis is transmitted, and ways of limiting transmission; 2) providing safe and sanitary toilet facilities for young children, and; 3) periodic deworming of susceptible population every 3 months. The estate members are also encouraged to plant vegetables in their backyard. The National Family Planning Board also helped the estate members organize different functional groups, such as Mothers' Group. This multifaceted approach to family planning appears to have an encouraging future, particularly in family development.

Matched MeSH terms: Disease; Parasitic Diseases*

The place of Bactrim and Vibramycin in acute salpingitis

Ng A

Med J Malaysia, 1975 Dec;30(2):133-4.

PMID: 1241709

Matched MeSH terms: Acute Disease

Experimental infection of Rattus sabanus and Rattus muelleri with subperiodic Brugia malayi

Sivanandam S, Mak JW, Lai PF

Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 1975 Mar;6(1):68-73.

PMID: 1145240

R. sabanus and R. muelleri are very common in the lowland forests of Malaysia. In nature they are infected with Breinlia sp. and D. ramachandrani. In an attempt to determine whether they are also susceptible to subperiodic B. malayi and thereby being potential reservoirs of infection of the disease, 24 R. muelleri and 17 R. sabanus were experimentally infected with the parasite. Results show that although they can support the full development of the parasite, they are poor hosts. This confirms the observation that in Malaysia natural infection of Rattus spp. with the parasite has not been seen. These rats therefore are probably not important in the zoonotic transmission of subperiodic B. malayi in Malaysia.

Matched MeSH terms: Disease Reservoirs

Letter: An acute attack of quartan malaria in a leprosy patient being treated with diaminodiphenylsulphone

Laing AB, Gooi HC, Gelber RH

Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg, 1974;68(2):165-6.

PMID: 4617939

Matched MeSH terms: Acute Disease

A field trial to control Trichobilharzia brevis by dispersing eggs of Echinostoma audyi

Lie Kian Joe, Owyang CK

Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 1973 Jun;4(2):208-17.

PMID: 4749072

Matched MeSH terms: Disease Vectors

Therapeutic effects of sub-mucous diathermy of inferior turbinates, with special reference to ethnic groups in Malaya

Gnanapragasam A

Med J Malaya, 1972 Jun;26(4):266-71.

PMID: 5069416

Matched MeSH terms: Chronic Disease

Respiratory function among Malaysian aboriginals

Dugdale AE, Bolton JM, Ganendran A

Thorax, 1971 Nov;26(6):740-3.

PMID: 5144653

Matched MeSH terms: Chronic Disease

Filariasis in Sabah, East Malaysia

Barclay R

Ann Trop Med Parasitol, 1969 Dec;63(4):473-88.

PMID: 4393668

Matched MeSH terms: Disease Vectors

Fulltext Association analyses of more than 140,000 men identify 63 new prostate cancer susceptibility loci

Schumacher FR, Al Olama AA, Berndt SI, Benlloch S, Ahmed M, Saunders EJ, et al.

Nat Genet, 2018 07;50(7):928-936.

PMID: 29892016 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-018-0142-8

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and fine-mapping efforts to date have identified more than 100 prostate cancer (PrCa)-susceptibility loci. We meta-analyzed genotype data from a custom high-density array of 46,939 PrCa cases and 27,910 controls of European ancestry with previously genotyped data of 32,255 PrCa cases and 33,202 controls of European ancestry. Our analysis identified 62 novel loci associated (P C, p.Pro1054Arg) in ATM and rs2066827 (OR = 1.06; P = 2.3 × 10-9; T>G, p.Val109Gly) in CDKN1B. The combination of all loci captured 28.4% of the PrCa familial relative risk, and a polygenic risk score conferred an elevated PrCa risk for men in the ninetieth to ninety-ninth percentiles (relative risk = 2.69; 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.55-2.82) and first percentile (relative risk = 5.71; 95% CI: 5.04-6.48) risk stratum compared with the population average. These findings improve risk prediction, enhance fine-mapping, and provide insight into the underlying biology of PrCa1.

Matched MeSH terms: Genetic Predisposition to Disease

Fulltext Association of MMP-9 gene polymorphisms with nephrolithiasis patients

Mehde AA, Mehdi WA, Yusof F, Raus RA, Zainal Abidin ZA, Ghazali H, et al.

J Clin Lab Anal, 2018 Jan;32(1).

PMID: 28205286 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.22173

BACKGROUND: Nephrolithiasis is one of the causes which lead to chronic kidney disease (CKD). Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are endopeptidases degrading extracellular matrix which correlate with the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. The current study was designed to analyze the association of (R279Q, C1562T) polymorphism of MMP-9 with nephrolithiasis patients.

METHODS: Genotyping of MMP-9/R279Q and of MMP-9/C1562T polymorphism were carried out by PCR-based restriction digestion method. Serum level of MMP-9, oxidative stress marker, MDA, and uric acid were measured in patients and control.

RESULTS: Allele frequencies of the MMP-9/C1562T polymorphism for C and T allele were 71.25% and 28.75% in patients, 87.08% and 12.92% in control respectively. The homozygote TT was more frequent in the nephrolithiasis patients group, while T allele frequency was significantly higher in the nephrolithiasis patients group than in the control group. The patients with CT and TT genotype showed a significant increase in serum MMP-9, Total Oxidant Status (TOS), Oxidative Stress Index (OSI), Malondialdehyde (MDA), and uric acid when compared to CC genotype in patients with nephrolithiasis. The R279Q polymorphism site with regard to the relationship with nephrolithiasis was not significant.

CONCLUSION: The result indicates that patients with TT genotype had an increased risk of stones. Also, the results demonstrate that TT allele of the C1562T polymorphism in the MMP-9gene is related with an increase of oxidative stress in nephrolithiasis patients and may possibly impose a risk for cardiovascular diseases in patients with TT genotype of MMP-9.

Matched MeSH terms: Genetic Predisposition to Disease

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