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Fulltext Clinical predictors of acute kidney injury in children with acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis: a tertiary centre experience

Wan Yusof WA, Yaacob NM, Nasir A, Yusoff S, Ilias MI

Singapore Med J, 2023 Jan 06.
PMID: 36695277 DOI: 10.4103/singaporemedj.SMJ-2021-092
Synthesis of novel disulfide and sulfone hybrid scaffolds as potent β-glucuronidase inhibitor

Taha M, Ismail NH, Imran S, Wadood A, Rahim F, Al Muqarrabin LM, et al.

Bioorg Chem, 2016 10;68:15-22.
PMID: 27414468 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2016.07.002

Novel series of disulfide and sulfone hybrid analogs (1-20) were synthesized and characterized through EI-MS and (1)H NMR and evaluated for β-glucuronidase inhibitory potential. All synthesized analogs except 13 and 15 showed excellent β-glucuronidase inhibitory potential with IC50 value ranging in between 2.20-88.16μM as compared to standard d-saccharic acid 1,4 lactone (48.4±1.25μM). Analogs 19, 16, 4, 1, 17, 6, 10, 3, 18, 2, 11, 14 and 5 showed many fold potent activity against β-glucuronidase inhibitor. Structure activity relationship showed that substitution of electron withdrawing groups at ortho as well as para position on phenyl ring increase potency. Electron withdrawing groups at meta position on phenyl ring showed slightly low potency as compared to ortho and para position. The binding interactions were confirmed through molecular docking studies.
Two-hourly versus 3-hourly feeding for very low birthweight infants: a randomised controlled trial

Ibrahim NR, Kheng TH, Nasir A, Ramli N, Foo JLK, Syed Alwi SH, et al.

Arch. Dis. Child. Fetal Neonatal Ed., 2017 May;102(3):F225-F229.
PMID: 27671836 DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2015-310246

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether feeding with 2-hourly or 3-hourly feeding interval reduces the time to achieve full enteral feeding and to compare their outcome in very low birthweight preterm infants.
DESIGN: Parallel-group randomised controlled trial with a 1:1 allocation ratio.
SETTING: Two regional tertiary neonatal intensive care units.
PATIENTS: 150 preterm infants less than 35 weeks gestation with birth weight between 1.0 and 1.5 kg were recruited.
INTERVENTIONS: Infants were enrolled to either 2-hourly or 3-hourly interval feeding after randomisation. Blinding was not possible due to the nature of the intervention.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcome was time to achieve full enteral feeding (≥100 mL/kg/day). Secondary outcomes include time to regain birth weight, episode of feeding intolerance, peak serum bilirubin levels, duration of phototherapy, episode of necrotising enterocolitis, nosocomial sepsis and gastro-oesophageal reflux.
RESULTS: 72 infants were available for primary outcome analysis in each group as three were excluded due to death-three deaths in each group. The mean time to full enteral feeding was 11.3 days in the 3-hourly group and 10.2 days in the 2-hourly group (mean difference 1.1 days; 95% CI -0.4 to 2.5; p=0.14). The mean time to regain birth weight was shorter in 3-hourly group (12.9 vs 14.8 days, p=0.04). Other subgroup analyses did not reveal additional significant results. No difference in adverse events was found between the groups.
CONCLUSION: 3-hourly feeding was comparable with 2-hourly feeding to achieve full enteral feeding without any evidence of increased adverse events.
TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: ACTRN12611000676910, pre-result.
Purine Nucleoside Phosphorylase Deficient Severe Combined Immunodeficiencies: A Case Report and Systematic Review (1975-2022)

Habib Dzulkarnain SM, Hashim IF, Zainudeen ZT, Taib F, Mohamad N, Nasir A, et al.

J Clin Immunol, 2023 Oct;43(7):1623-1639.
PMID: 37328647 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-023-01532-5

Purine nucleoside phosphorylase deficient severe combined immunodeficiency (PNP SCID) is one of the rare autosomal recessive primary immunodeficiency disease, and the data on epidemiology and outcome are limited. We report the successful management of a child with PNP SCID and present a systematic literature review of published case reports, case series, and cohort studies on PNP SCID listed in PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus from 1975 until March 2022. Forty-one articles were included from the 2432 articles retrieved and included 100 PNP SCID patients worldwide. Most patients presented with recurrent infections, hypogammaglobulinaemia, autoimmune manifestations, and neurological deficits. There were six reported cases of associated malignancies, mainly lymphomas. Twenty-two patients had undergone allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation with full donor chimerism seen mainly in those receiving matched sibling donors and/or conditioning chemotherapy before the transplant. This research provides a contemporary, comprehensive overview on clinical manifestations, epidemiology, genotype mutations, and transplant outcome of PNP SCID. These data highlight the importance of screening for PNP SCID in cases presented with recurrent infections, hypogammaglobulinaemia, and neurological deficits.
Fulltext Potential Nutraceutical Benefits of In Vivo Grown Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) As Analgesic, Anti-inflammatory, Anticoagulant, and Antidepressant in Mice

Khan A, Muhamad NA, Ismail H, Nasir A, Khalil AAK, Anwar Y, et al.

Plants (Basel), 2020 Oct 22;9(11).
PMID: 33105854 DOI: 10.3390/plants9111414

Crocus sativus, a medicinally important herbaceous plant, has been traditionally used to cure coughs, colds, insomnia, cramps, asthma, and pain. Moreover, the therapeutic applications of saffron include its immunomodulatory and anticancer properties. The current experimental analysis was performed to explore the potential nutraceutical efficacy of corm, leaf, petal, and stigma of saffron ethanolic extracts as analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anticoagulant, and antidepressant using hot plate, carrageenan-induced paw edema, capillary tube and forced swim test, respectively in mice. The results indicated that among all the extracts, stigma ethanolic extract (SEE) represented maximum latency activity (72.85%) and edema inhibition (77.33%) followed by petal ethanolic extract (PEE) with latency activity and edema inhibition of 64.06 and 70.50%, respectively. Corm ethanolic extract (CEE) and leaf ethanolic extract (LEE) displayed mild analgesic activity of 22.40% and 29.07%, respectively. Additionally, LEE (53.29%) and CEE (47.47%) exhibited mild to moderate response against inflammation. The coagulation time of SEE (101.66 s) was almost equivalent to the standard drug, aspirin (101.66 s), suggesting a strong anticoagulant effect followed by PEE (86.5 s). LEE (66.83 s) represented moderate inhibitory effect on coagulation activity while CEE (42.83 s) showed neutral effect. Additionally, PEE and SEE also expressed itself as potential antidepressants with immobility time ≤76.66 s, while CEE (96.50 s) and LEE (106.83 s) indicated moderate to mild antidepressant efficacy. Based on the in vivo activities, saffron extract, particularly SEE and PEE, can be used as a potential nutraceutical and therapeutic agent due to its significant pharmacological activities.
Fulltext Multiplex amplification refractory mutation system (MARMS) for the detection of β-globin gene mutations among the transfusion-dependent β-thalassemia Malay patients in Kelantan, Northeast of Peninsular Malaysia

Hanafi S, Hassan R, Bahar R, Abdullah WZ, Johan MF, Rashid ND, et al.

Am J Blood Res, 2014;4(1):33-40.
PMID: 25232503

The aim of this study was to adapt MARMS with some modifications to detect beta mutation in our cohort of thalassemia patients. We focused only on transfusion-dependent thalassemia Malay patients, the predominant ethnic group (95%) in the Kelantanese population. Eight mutations were identified in 46 out of 48 (95.83%) beta thalassemia alleles. Most of the patients (54.2%) were compound heterozygous with co-inheritance Cd 26 (G>A). The frequencies of spectrum beta chain mutation among these patients are presented in Table 2. Among the transfusion dependent beta thalassemia Malay patients studied, 26 patients were found to be compound heterozygous and the main alleles were Cd 26 (G>A). Compound heterozygous mutation of Cd 26 (G>A) and IVS 1-5 (G>C) were 12 (46.2%), Cd 26 (G>A) and Cd 41/42 (TTCT) were 9 (34.6%), Cd 26 (G>A) and IVS 1-1 (G>C) were 2 (7.7%) respectively. Meanwhile the minority were made of a single compound heterozygous of Cd 26 (G>A) and Cd 71/72, Cd 26 (>A) and Cd 17 (A>T), Cd 26 (G>A) and -28 (G>A) respectively. Twenty out of forty six patients were shown to have homozygous of IVS 1-5 (G>C) were 2 (10.0%), Cd 26 (G>A) were 15 (75.0%), Cd 19 (A>G) were 1 (5.0%), and IVS 1-1 (G>T) were 2 (10.0%). The beta chain mutations among the Kelantanese Malays followed closely the distribution of beta chain mutations among the Thais and the Malays of the Southern Thailand. The G-C transition at position 5 of the IVS 1-5 mutation was predominant among the Malay patients. In conclusion, this method has successfully identified the mutation spectrum in our cohort of transfusion-dependent beta thalassemia patients, and this method is equally effective in screening for mutation among thalassemia patients.