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Translation and Validation of a Culturally Adapted Arabic Version of the Beverage Intake Questionnaire (BEVQ)

Alkinani AA, Rohana AJ, Hasan R, W Ahmad WMA, Al-Badri SA

Cureus, 2024 Oct;16(10):e71710.
PMID: 39553075 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.71710

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption is on the rise among Arabic adolescents, with a notable increase observed in Iraq. However, no validated tool currently exists to assess SSB consumption apart from the frequency of SSB intake within this population. The objective of this study is to evaluate the beverage consumption patterns of Arabic-speaking adolescents using a validated Beverage Intake Questionnaire (BEVQ) specifically designed for this population.
METHODOLOGY: The BEVQ has been authorized by the original author and was meticulously translated through a 10-step protocol. The content validity of the BEVQ was rigorously evaluated by four independent experts using the item-level content validity index (I-CVI), scale-level content validity index average (S-CVI/Ave), sum of the content validity index/universal agreement (S-CVI/UA), and the modified kappa statistic (κ m). The face validity was also conducted on 30 adolescents, ensuring clarity and comprehensive validation.
RESULTS: The translation process required minor modifications to ensure linguistic and cultural equivalence to the original questionnaire. The Arabic version of the BEVQ (BEVQ-A) achieved S-CVI/Ave scores ranging from 0.90 to 0.98 and S-CVI/UA scores ranging from 0.75 to 1.00. The modified kappa statistic (κ m) indicated that the majority of items were categorized as good to excellent. These scores confirmed that the BEVQ-A possessed robust content validity. Additionally, the BEVQ-A demonstratedcomprehensive and clear face validity, with a sum of face validity index (S-FVI) score of 0.97.
CONCLUSION: In conclusion, the Arabic-translated version of the BEVQ is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing total beverage consumption among Arabic-speaking adolescents.
Nutritional outcomes related to household food insecurity among mothers in rural Malaysia

Ihabi AN, Rohana AJ, Wan Manan WM, Wan Suriati WN, Zalilah MS, Rusli AM

J Health Popul Nutr, 2013 Dec;31(4):480-9.
PMID: 24592589

During the past two decades, the rates of food insecurity and obesity have risen. Although a relationship between these two seemingly-paradoxical states has not been repeatedly seen in men, research suggests that a correlation between them exists in women. This study examines nutritional outcomes of household food insecurity among mothers in rural Malaysia. A cross-sectional survey of low-income households was conducted, and 223 households with mothers aged 18-55 years, who were non-lactating, non-pregnant, and had at least one child aged 2-12 years, were purposively selected. A questionnaire was administered that included the Radimer/Cornell Scale, items about sociodemographic characteristics, and anthropometric measurements. Of the households, 16.1% were food-secure whereas 83.9% experienced some kind of food insecurity: 29.6% of households were food-insecure, 19.3% contained individuals who were food-insecure, and 35.0% fell into the 'child hunger' category. The result reported that household-size, total monthly income, income per capita, and food expenditure were significant risk factors of household food insecurity. Although there was a high prevalence of overweight and obese mothers (52%) and 47.1% had at-risk waist-circumference (> or = 80 cm), no significant association was found between food insecurity, body mass index, and waist-circumference. In conclusion, the rates of household food insecurity and overweight and obesity were high in the study population, although they are looking paradoxical. Longitudinal studies with larger sample-sizes are recommended to further examine the relationship between food insecurity and obesity.
Fulltext HLA-DQ A1, -DQB1 and -DRB1 gene polymorphism--in Malay type 1 diabetes mellitus patients and their use for risk prediction

Rohana AG, Loh KC, Tin SK, Soh CH, Nazaimoon WM, Fong KY, et al.

Med J Malaysia, 2011 Jun;66(2):133-7.
PMID: 22106694

HLA-DQA1, -DQB1, and -DRB1 gene polymorphism were analyzed to study type 1 DM susceptibility in Malay patients from Southeast Asia (Malaysia and Singapore). Patients showed significant increases in the occurrence of DQA1*0501 (50.7% vs. 20.4%; RR = 3.97; Pc < 0.01), DQB1*0201 (48% vs. 19.1%; RR = 3.86; Pc < 0.05), and DRB1*0301 (38.7 vs. 6.8%; RR = 8.36; 95% Pc < 0.05). Conversely, significant decreases were noted in the occurrence of DQA1*0601 (14.7% vs. 35.2%; RR = 0.33; Pc = 0.008) and DQB1*0601 (4% vs. 23.5%; RR = 0.16; Pc < 0.05) in type 1 DM patients. Using a logistic regression model, we derived a risk prediction model for type 1 DM in our indigenous Malay population based on the identified HLA genotypes. The RR for type 1 DM increases by a factor of 5.68 for every unit increase in the number of DRB1*0301 allele (P < 0.001), and decreases by a factor of 0.18 per unit increase in the number of DQB1*0601 allele (P < 0.001). After adjusting for these two HLA genotypes, DQA1*0501, DQB1*0201 and DQA1*0601 were not statistically significant as risk predictors. The lower incidence of type 1 DM in the Malay population may be contributed by the genotypic combinations of DR and DQ genes as well as the linkage disequilibria between susceptible and protective alleles.
Fulltext Case of severe refractory myasthenia gravis in HUKM

Hamizah R, Norlinah MI, Tan HJ, Soehardy Z, Halim AG, Rohana AG, et al.

Med J Malaysia, 2006 Dec;61(5):633-5.
PMID: 17623968 MyJurnal

A 20-year-old girl first notice bilateral ocular muscle weakness in 2001. Two months later, she developed acute muscle paralysis and respiratory failure which required ventilation. Serum anti-acetylcholine receptor antibodies and repetitive nerve stimulation test was positive and consistent with myasthenia gravis (MG). CT scan thorax revealed thymic enlargement and she underwent a video assisted thymectomy (VATS). However, over the next three years, despite maximal doses of various immunosuppressive agents with plasmapheresis and intravenous immunoglobulin, she was admitted with recurrent myasthenic crisis without any obvious precipitant. She was then commenced on mycophenolate mofetil and together with regular plasmapheresis, cyclosporine and prednisolone, her symptoms have finally improved and brought under control.
Fulltext Management of diabetes in pregnancy in primary care

Nurain MN, Marmuji LZ, Mastura I, Michael FH, Barakatun-Nisak MY, Yusof M, et al.

Malays Fam Physician, 2019;14(3):55-59.
PMID: 32175041

Diabetes in pregnancy is associated with risks to the woman and her developing fetus. Management of the condition at the primary care level includes pre-conception care, screening, diagnosis, as well as antenatal and postpartum care. A multidisciplinary approach is essential in ensuring its holistic management.
Fulltext Substituting white rice with brown and black rice as an alternative to prevent diabetes mellitus type 2: a case-study among young adults in Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Helmyati S, Kiasaty S, Amalia AW, Sholihah H, Kurnia M, Wigati M, et al.

J Diabetes Metab Disord, 2020 Dec;19(2):749-757.
PMID: 33553011 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-020-00555-8

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to explore the preference and acceptance of white rice substitution with brown and black rice among young adults in Indonesia to prevent diabetes.
Methods: This study used a qualitative design. Rice preference deeply explored using focus group discussion as a case-study. 85 informants with an average of ages 20 years old were divided into several groups. Several topics to discuss include the reasons to accept or reject brown and black rice, knowledge, attitude, motivation, and potency to substitute white rice.
Results: Price was the main barrier to substitute white rice to brown and black rice. The participants have known brown rice from parents, mass media, and friends. Most of them were still unfamiliar with black rice. Culture also affected the preferences of the participants. To motivate people to change their white rice diet, creative packaging and segmentation of the sale were recommended.
Conclusion: Substituting white to brown and black rice is still a challenge for young adults in Indonesia. Several barriers such as culture, accessibility, and affordability need to be considered. Further efforts are important to manage a program to increase brown and black rice consumption.