MyMedR

Fulltext Synthesis and characterization of ZnO nanostructures using palm olein as biotemplate

Ramimoghadam D, Hussein MZ, Taufiq-Yap YH

Chem Cent J, 2013 Apr 20;7(1):71.

PMID: 23601826 DOI: 10.1186/1752-153X-7-71

BACKGROUND: A green approach to synthesize nanomaterials using biotemplates has been subjected to intense research due to several advantages. Palm olein as a biotemplate offers the benefits of eco-friendliness, low-cost and scale-up for large scale production. Therefore, the effect of palm olein on morphology and surface properties of ZnO nanostructures were investigated.

RESULTS: The results indicate that palm olein as a biotemplate can be used to modify the shape and size of ZnO particles synthesized by hydrothermal method. Different morphology including flake-, flower- and three dimensional star-like structures were obtained. FTIR study indicated the reaction between carboxyl group of palm olein and zinc species had taken place. Specific surface area enhanced while no considerable change were observed in optical properties.

CONCLUSION: Phase-pure ZnO particles were successfully synthesized using palm olein as soft biotemplating agent by hydrothermal method. The physico-chemical properties of the resulting ZnO particles can be tuned using the ratio of palm olein to Zn cation.

Fulltext Influence of astaxanthin, emulsifier and organic phase concentration on physicochemical properties of astaxanthin nanodispersions

Anarjan N, Nehdi IA, Tan CP

Chem Cent J, 2013;7(1):127.

PMID: 23875816 DOI: 10.1186/1752-153X-7-127

The emulsification-evaporation method was used to prepare astaxanthin nanodispersions using a three-component emulsifier system composed of Tween 20, sodium caseinate and gum Arabic. Using Response-surface methodology (RSM), we studied the main and interaction effects of the major emulsion components, namely, astaxanthin concentration (0.02-0.38 wt %, x1), emulsifier concentration (0.2-3.8 wt %, x2) and organic phase (dichloromethane) concentration (2-38 wt %, x3) on nanodispersion characteristics. The physicochemical properties considered as response variables were: average particle size (Y1), PDI (Y2) and astaxanthin loss (Y3).

Fulltext Evaluation of physicochemical and antioxidant properties of sourwood and other Malaysian honeys: a comparison with manuka honey

Moniruzzaman M, Sulaiman SA, Khalil MI, Gan SH

Chem Cent J, 2013;7:138.

PMID: 23938192 DOI: 10.1186/1752-153X-7-138

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the physical, biochemical and antioxidant properties of four Malaysian monofloral types of honey (gelam, longan, rubber tree and sourwood honeys) compared to manuka honey. Several physical parameters of honey, such as pH, moisture content, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), color intensity, total sugar and sucrose content, were measured. A number of biochemical and antioxidant tests were performed to determine the antioxidant properties of the honey samples. Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) levels were determined using high performance liquid chromatography.

Fulltext Optimizing Bi2O3 and TiO2 to achieve the maximum non-linear electrical property of ZnO low voltage varistor

Abdollahi Y, Zakaria A, Aziz RS, Tamili SN, Matori KA, Shahrani NM, et al.

Chem Cent J, 2013;7:137.

PMID: 23938168 DOI: 10.1186/1752-153X-7-137

In fabrication of ZnO-based low voltage varistor, Bi2O3 and TiO2 have been used as former and grain growth enhancer factors respectively. Therefore, the molar ratio of the factors is quit important in the fabrication. In this paper, modeling and optimization of Bi2O3 and TiO2 was carried out by response surface methodology to achieve maximized electrical properties. The fabrication was planned by central composite design using two variables and one response. To obtain actual responses, the design was performed in laboratory by the conventional methods of ceramics fabrication. The actual responses were fitted into a valid second order algebraic polynomial equation. Then the quadratic model was suggested by response surface methodology. The model was validated by analysis of variance which provided several evidences such as high F-value (153.6), very low P-value (<0.0001), adjusted R-squared (0.985) and predicted R-squared (0.947). Moreover, the lack of fit was not significant which means the model was significant.

Fulltext Methyl oleate deoxygenation for production of diesel fuel aliphatic hydrocarbons over Pd/SBA-15 catalysts

Lee SP, Ramli A

Chem Cent J, 2013;7(1):149.

PMID: 24011181 DOI: 10.1186/1752-153X-7-149

Catalytic deoxygenation is a prominent process for production of renewable fuels from vegetable oil. In this work, deoxygenation of technical grade methyl oleate to diesel fuel aliphatic hydrocarbons (C15 - C18) is evaluated with several parameters including temperature, hydrogen pressure and reaction time in a stirred batch reactor over Pd/SBA-15 catalysts.

Fulltext Reaction of 2,6-dichloroquinone-4-chloroimide (Gibbs reagent) with permethrin - an optical sensor for rapid detection of permethrin in treated wood

Arip MN, Heng LY, Ahmad M, Hasbullah SA

Chem Cent J, 2013;7:122.

PMID: 23867006 DOI: 10.1186/1752-153X-7-122

A novel optical sensor for the rapid and direct determination of permethrin preservatives in treated wood was designed. The optical sensor was fabricated from the immobilisation of 2,6-dichloro-p-benzoquinone-4-chloroimide (Gibbs reagent) in nafion/sol-gel hybrid film and the mode of detection was based on absorption spectrophotometry. Physical entrapment was employed as a method of immobilisation.

Fulltext Biolubricant basestocks from chemically modified plant oils: ricinoleic acid based-tetraesters

Salih N, Salimon J, Yousif E, Abdullah BM

Chem Cent J, 2013;7(1):128.

PMID: 23885790 DOI: 10.1186/1752-153X-7-128

Plant oils have been investigated as a potential source of environmentally favorable biolubricants because of their biodegradability, renewability and excellent lubrication performance. Low oxidation and thermal stability, poor low-temperature properties and a narrow range of available viscosities, however, limit their potential application as industrial lubricants. The inherent problems of plant oils can be improved by attaching functional groups at the sites of unsaturation through chemical modifications. In this article, we will demonstrate how functionalization helps overcome these disadvantages.

Fulltext Release behavior and toxicity profiles towards A549 cell lines of ciprofloxacin from its layered zinc hydroxide intercalation compound

Abdul Latip AF, Hussein MZ, Stanslas J, Wong CC, Adnan R

Chem Cent J, 2013;7:119.

PMID: 23849189 DOI: 10.1186/1752-153X-7-119

Layered hydroxides salts (LHS), a layered inorganic compound is gaining attention in a wide range of applications, particularly due to its unique anion exchange properties. In this work, layered zinc hydroxide nitrate (LZH), a family member of LHS was intercalated with anionic ciprofloxacin (CFX), a broad spectrum antibiotic via ion exchange in a mixture solution of water:ethanol.

Fulltext Structural and optical characterization of metal tungstates (MWO4; M=Ni, Ba, Bi) synthesized by a sucrose-templated method

M Zawawi SM, Yahya R, Hassan A, Mahmud HN, Daud MN

Chem Cent J, 2013;7(1):80.

PMID: 23634962 DOI: 10.1186/1752-153X-7-80

Metal tungstates have attracted much attention due to their interesting structural and photoluminescence properties. Depending on the size of the bivalent cation present, the metal tungstates will adopt structures with different phases. In this work, three different phases of metal tungstates MWO4 (M= Ba, Ni and Bi) were synthesized via the sucrose templated method.

Fulltext Optimization of reaction parameters in hydrothermal synthesis: a strategy towards the formation of CuS hexagonal plates

Auyoong YL, Yap PL, Huang X, Abd Hamid SB

Chem Cent J, 2013;7:67.

PMID: 23575312 DOI: 10.1186/1752-153X-7-67

For decades, copper sulphide has been renowned as the superior optical and semiconductor materials. Its potential applications can be ranged from solar cells, lithium-ion batteries, sensors, and catalyst systems. The synthesis methodologies of copper sulphide with different controlled morphology have been widely explored in the literature. Nevertheless, the understanding on the formation chemistry of CuS is still limited. The ultimate approach undertaking in this article is to investigate the formation of CuS hexagonal plates via the optimization of reaction parameters in hydrothermal reaction between copper (II) nitrate and sodium thiosulphate without appending any assistant agent.

Fulltext Limit of detection and limit of quantification development procedures for organochlorine pesticides analysis in water and sediment matrices

Saadati N, Abdullah MP, Zakaria Z, Sany SB, Rezayi M, Hassonizadeh H

Chem Cent J, 2013;7(1):63.

PMID: 23561579 DOI: 10.1186/1752-153X-7-63

Reliable values for method validity of organochlorine pesticides determination were investigated, in water by solid phase extraction and in sediment by Soxhlet extraction, followed by gas chromatography equipped with an electron capture detector. Organochlorine pesticides are categorized as Persistent Organic Pollutants. Hence, critical decisions to control exposure to these chemicals in the environment are based on their levels in different media; it is important to find valid qualitative and quantitative results for these components. In analytical chemistry, internal quality procedures are applied to produce valid logical results.

Fulltext Artificial neural network modeling of p-cresol photodegradation

Abdollahi Y, Zakaria A, Abbasiyannejad M, Masoumi HR, Moghaddam MG, Matori KA, et al.

Chem Cent J, 2013;7(1):96.

PMID: 23731706 DOI: 10.1186/1752-153X-7-96

The complexity of reactions and kinetic is the current problem of photodegradation processes. Recently, artificial neural networks have been widely used to solve the problems because of their reliable, robust, and salient characteristics in capturing the non-linear relationships between variables in complex systems. In this study, an artificial neural network was applied for modeling p-cresol photodegradation. To optimize the network, the independent variables including irradiation time, pH, photocatalyst amount and concentration of p-cresol were used as the input parameters, while the photodegradation% was selected as output. The photodegradation% was obtained from the performance of the experimental design of the variables under UV irradiation. The network was trained by Quick propagation (QP) and the other three algorithms as a model. To determine the number of hidden layer nodes in the model, the root mean squared error of testing set was minimized. After minimizing the error, the topologies of the algorithms were compared by coefficient of determination and absolute average deviation.

Fulltext A study on dispersion and characterisation of α-mangostin loaded pH sensitive microgel systems

Ahmad M, Yamin BM, Mat Lazim A

Chem Cent J, 2013;7:85.

PMID: 23680098 DOI: 10.1186/1752-153X-7-85

α-Mangostin was extracted with methanol from the rind of mangosteen fruit and purified by using silica gel column chromatography technique. The compound is characterised using infrared, (13)C and (1)H NMR as well as UV-vis spectroscopy. The α-mangostin dispersion in colloidal systems was studied by incorporating it with an ionic microgel, poly (N-Isopropylacrylamide)-co-2VP at different pH.

Fulltext Sustained release formulation of an anti-tuberculosis drug based on para-amino salicylic acid-zinc layered hydroxide nanocomposite

Saifullah B, Hussein MZ, Hussein-Al-Ali SH, Arulselvan P, Fakurazi S

Chem Cent J, 2013;7(1):72.

PMID: 23601852 DOI: 10.1186/1752-153X-7-72

Tuberculosis (TB), is caused by the bacteria, Mycobacterium tuberculosis and its a threat to humans since centuries. Depending on the type of TB, its treatment can last for 6-24 months which is a major cause for patients non-compliance and treatment failure. Many adverse effects are associated with the currently available TB medicines, and there has been no new anti-tuberculosis drug on the market for more than 50 year, as the drug development is very lengthy and budget consuming process.Development of the biocompatible nano drug delivery systems with the ability to minimize the side effects of the drugs, protection of the drug from enzymatic degradation. And most importantly the drug delivery systems which can deliver the drug at target site would increase the therapeutic efficacy. Nanovehicles with their tendency to release the drug in a sustained manner would result in the bioavalibilty of the drugs in the body for a longer period of time and this would reduce the dosing frequency in drug administration. The biocompatible nanovehicles with the properties like sustained release of drug of the target site, protection of the drug from physio-chemical degradation, reduction in dosing frequency, and prolong bioavailability of drug in the body would result in the shortening of the treatment duration. All of these factors would improve the patient compliance with chemotherapy of TB.

Fulltext Potential of silver against human colon cancer: (synthesis, characterization and crystal structures of xylyl (Ortho, meta, &Para) linked bis-benzimidazolium salts and Ag(I)-NHC complexes: In vitro anticancer studies)

Iqbal MA, Haque RA, Nasri SF, Majid AA, Ahamed MB, Farsi E, et al.

Chem Cent J, 2013;7(1):27.

PMID: 23391345 DOI: 10.1186/1752-153X-7-27

Since the first successful synthesis of Ag(I)-N-heterocyclic carbene complex in 1993, this class of compounds has been extensively used for transmetallation reactions where the direct synthesis using other metal ions was either difficult or impossible. Initially, silver(I)-NHC complexes were tested for their catalytic potential but could not get fame because of lower potential compare to other competent compounds in this field; however, these compounds proved to have vital antimicrobial activities. These encouraging biomedical applications further convinced researchers to test these compounds against cancer. The current work has been carried out with this aim.

Fulltext Hydrothermal synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles using rice as soft biotemplate

Ramimoghadam D, Bin Hussein MZ, Taufiq-Yap YH

Chem Cent J, 2013;7:136.

PMID: 23919386 DOI: 10.1186/1752-153X-7-136

BACKGROUND: Rice as a renewable, abundant bio-resource with unique characteristics can be used as a bio-template to synthesize various functional nanomaterials. Therefore, the effect of uncooked rice flour as bio-template on physico-chemical properties, especially the morphology of zinc oxide nanostructures was investigated in this study. The ZnO particles were synthesized through hydrothermal-biotemplate method using zinc acetate-sodium hydroxide and uncooked rice flour at various ratios as precursors at 120°C for 18 hours.

RESULTS: The results indicate that rice as a bio-template can be used to modify the shape and size of zinc oxide particles. Different morphologies, namely flake-, flower-, rose-, star- and rod-like structures were obtained with particle size at micro- and nanometer range. Pore size and texture of the resulting zinc oxide particles were found to be template-dependent and the resulting specific surface area enhanced compared to the zinc oxide synthesized without rice under the same conditions. However, optical property particularly the band gap energy is generally quite similar.

CONCLUSION: Pure zinc oxide crystals were successfully synthesized using rice flour as biotemplate at various ratios of zinc salt to rice. The size- and shape-controlled capability of rice to assemble the ZnO particles can be employed for further useful practical applications.

Fulltext Effect of roasting conditions on color development and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR-ATR) analysis of Malaysian-grown tropical almond nuts (Terminalia catappa L.)

Ng S, Lasekan O, Muhammad K, Sulaiman R, Hussain N

Chem Cent J, 2014;8(1):55.

PMID: 25317204 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-014-0055-2

Proper roasting is crucial to flavor, color, and texture development in the final product. In recent years, several research studies have been carried out to establish the best optimum roasting conditions for some common edible nuts such as; hazelnut, peanut, and pistachio nut. Although roasting is an important process for nuts and oilseeds, there is little or no information on the development of color, aroma, and textural changes in Terminalia catappa nuts during roasting.

Fulltext Regioselective synthesis of 2-(bromomethyl)-5-aryl-thiophene derivatives via palladium (0) catalyzed suzuki cross-coupling reactions: as antithrombotic and haemolytically active molecules

Rizwan K, Zubair M, Rasool N, Ali S, Zahoor AF, Rana UA, et al.

Chem Cent J, 2014;8:74.

PMID: 25685184 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-014-0074-z

It is seen that the regioselective functionalizations of halogenated heterocycles play an important role in the synthesis of several types of organic compounds. In this domain, the Suzuki-Miyaura reaction has emerged as a convenient way to build carbon-carbon bonds in synthesizing organic compounds. Some of the most important applications of these reactions can be seen in the synthesis of natural products, and in designing targeted pharmaceutical compounds. Herein, we present the regioselective synthesis of the novel series of 2-(bromomethyl)-5-aryl-thiophenes 3a-i, via Suzuki cross-coupling reactions of various aryl boronic acids with 2-bromo-5-(bromomethyl)thiophene (2).

Fulltext Layered double hydroxide nanocomposite for drug delivery systems; bio-distribution, toxicity and drug activity enhancement

Kura AU, Hussein MZ, Fakurazi S, Arulselvan P

Chem Cent J, 2014;8(1):47.

PMID: 25177361 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-014-0047-2

The production of layered double hydroxide(LDH) nanocomposite as an alternative drug delivery system against various ailments is on the increase. Their toxicity potential is usually dose and time dependent with particle sizes, shapes and surface charge playing some role both in the in vitro and in vivo studies. The reticular endothelial system of especially the liver and spleen were shown to sequestrate most of these nanocomposite, especially those with sizes greater than 50 nm. The intracellular drug delivery by these particles is mainly via endocytotic pathways aided by the surface charges in most cases. However, structural modification of these nanocomposite via coating using different types of material may lower the toxicity where present. More importantly, the coating may serve as targeting ligand hence, directing drug distribution and leading to proper drug delivery to specific area of need; it equally decreases the unwanted nanocomposite accumulation in especially the liver and spleen. These nanocomposite have the advantage of wider bio-distribution irrespective of route of administration, excellent targeted delivery potential with ease of synthetic modification including coating.

Fulltext Investigation of supramolecular synthons and structural characterisation of aminopyridine-carboxylic acid derivatives

Hemamalini M, Loh WS, Quah CK, Fun HK

Chem Cent J, 2014;8:31.

PMID: 24887234 DOI: 10.1186/1752-153X-8-31

Co-crystal is a structurally homogeneous crystalline material that contains two or more neutral building blocks that are present in definite stoichiometric amounts. The main advantage of co-crystals is their ability to generate a variety of solid forms of a drug that have distinct physicochemical properties from the solid co-crystal components. In the present investigation, five co-crystals containing 2-amino-6-chloropyridine (AMPY) moiety were synthesized and characterized.

Displaying publications 21 - 40 of 92 in total