Displaying publications 21 - 40 of 168 in total

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  1. Fulltext The Molecular Approaches and Challenges of Streptococcus pneumoniae Serotyping for Epidemiological Surveillance in the Vaccine Era
    Abdul Rahman NA, Mohd Desa MN, Masri SN, Taib NM, Sulaiman N, Hazman H, et al.
    Pol J Microbiol, 2023 Jun 01;72(2):103-115.
    PMID: 37314355 DOI: 10.33073/pjm-2023-023
    Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) belongs to the Gram-positive cocci. This bacterium typically colonizes the nasopharyngeal region of healthy individuals. It has a distinct polysaccharide capsule - a virulence factor allowing the bacteria to elude the immune defense mechanisms. Consequently, it might trigger aggressive conditions like septicemia and meningitis in immunocompromised or older individuals. Moreover, children below five years of age are at risk of morbidity and mortality. Studies have found 101 S. pneumoniae capsular serotypes, of which several correlate with clinical and carriage isolates with distinct disease aggressiveness. Introducing pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV) targets the most common disease-associated serotypes. Nevertheless, vaccine selection pressure leads to replacing the formerly dominant vaccine serotypes (VTs) by non-vaccine types (NVTs). Therefore, serotyping must be conducted for epidemiological surveillance and vaccine assessment. Serotyping can be performed using numerous techniques, either by the conventional antisera-based (Quellung and latex agglutination) or molecular-based approaches (sequetyping, multiplex PCR, real-time PCR, and PCR-RFLP). A cost-effective and practical approach must be used to enhance serotyping accuracy to monitor the prevalence of VTs and NVTs. Therefore, dependable pneumococcal serotyping techniques are essential to precisely monitor virulent lineages, NVT emergence, and genetic associations of isolates. This review discusses the principles, associated benefits, and drawbacks of the respective available conventional and molecular approaches, and potentially the whole genome sequencing (WGS) to be directed for future exploration.
    Matched MeSH terms: Biomedical Research*
  2. Advancing Precision Medicine with Gene and Cell Therapy in Malaysia: Ethical, Legal, and Social Implications
    Kalidasan V, Theva Das K
    Hum Gene Ther, 2024 Jan;35(1-2):9-25.
    PMID: 38047523 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2023.139
    A new era of gene and cell therapy for treating human diseases has been envisioned for several decades. However, given that the technology can alter any DNA/cell in human beings, it poses specific ethical, legal, and social difficulties in its application. In Malaysia, current bioethics and medical ethics guidelines tackle clinical trials and biomedical research, medical genetic services, and stem cell research/therapy. However, no comprehensive framework and policy is available to cater to ethical gene and cell therapy in the country. Incorporating ethical, legal, and social implications (ELSI) would be crucial to guide the appropriate use of human gene and cell therapy in conjunction with precision medicine. Policy experts, scientists, bioethicists, and public members must debate the associated ELSI and the professional code of conduct while preserving human rights.
    Matched MeSH terms: Biomedical Research*
  3. The challenges of research data management in cardiovascular science: a DGK and DZHK position paper-executive summary
    Steffens S, Schröder K, Krüger M, Maack C, Streckfuss-Bömeke K, Backs J, et al.
    Clin Res Cardiol, 2024 May;113(5):672-679.
    PMID: 37847314 DOI: 10.1007/s00392-023-02303-3
    The sharing and documentation of cardiovascular research data are essential for efficient use and reuse of data, thereby aiding scientific transparency, accelerating the progress of cardiovascular research and healthcare, and contributing to the reproducibility of research results. However, challenges remain. This position paper, written on behalf of and approved by the German Cardiac Society and German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, summarizes our current understanding of the challenges in cardiovascular research data management (RDM). These challenges include lack of time, awareness, incentives, and funding for implementing effective RDM; lack of standardization in RDM processes; a need to better identify meaningful and actionable data among the increasing volume and complexity of data being acquired; and a lack of understanding of the legal aspects of data sharing. While several tools exist to increase the degree to which data are findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable (FAIR), more work is needed to lower the threshold for effective RDM not just in cardiovascular research but in all biomedical research, with data sharing and reuse being factored in at every stage of the scientific process. A culture of open science with FAIR research data should be fostered through education and training of early-career and established research professionals. Ultimately, FAIR RDM requires permanent, long-term effort at all levels. If outcomes can be shown to be superior and to promote better (and better value) science, modern RDM will make a positive difference to cardiovascular science and practice. The full position paper is available in the supplementary materials.
    Matched MeSH terms: Biomedical Research*
  4. Fulltext Adapting to post-COVID19 research in Parkinson's disease: Lessons from a multinational experience
    Tan EK, Albanese A, Chaudhuri K, Lim SY, Oey NE, Shan Chan CH, et al.
    Parkinsonism Relat Disord, 2021 01;82:146-149.
    PMID: 33071183 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2020.10.009
    Matched MeSH terms: Biomedical Research/methods; Biomedical Research/trends*
  5. Scientific impact of multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder research from Southeast Asia: A bibliometric analysis
    Espiritu AI, Leochico CFD, Separa KJNJ, Jamora RDG
    Mult Scler Relat Disord, 2020 Feb;38:101862.
    PMID: 31778926 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2019.101862
    BACKGROUND: Scientific productivity in the Southeast Asian (SEA) region in the field of multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (MS/ NMOSD) was hypothesized to be low in magnitude. The aim of this study was to determine and compare MS/ NMOSD research outputs among the SEA countries in terms of established bibliometric indices. The association between these productivity indices and relevant country-specific socioeconomic factors was also determined.

    METHODS: A systematic review was conducted to include all relevant published MS/ NMOSD studies in the SEA indexed in MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus and CENTRAL from the inception of these databases to August 1, 2019. Quantity of research productivity was measured in terms of the total published documents. Quality of research impact was evaluated by assessing the study designs of the published reports, publications in journals with impact factor (IF) and PlumX Metrics (citations, usage, captures, mentions and social medias). Population size, gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, percentage (%) of GDP allocated to research and development (R&D), and the total number of neurologists reported in each country were obtained from reliable published data.

    RESULTS: Out of 3,547 articles identified, only 142 articles fulfilled the eligibility criteria; therefore, the total number of publications in the SEA region related to MS/ NMOSD was deemed low in quantity. Most studies were cross-sectional and case reports/ series; hence, most studies offered low level of evidence. Since the aggregate scores in citations, usage, captures, mentions, and social medias in PlumX Metrics and publications in journals with IF were low, the overall quality of the published articles was considered low. Thailand (57 articles), Malaysia (40) and Singapore (29) contributed to the majority of publications on the topic-. GDP per capita was statistically correlated with usage. Percent GDP for R&D was positively correlated with total publications, usage, captures and social mediaindices.

    CONCLUSION: In conclusion, the scientific impact of MS/ NMOSD in the SEA was considered low in quantity and quality. This study must encourage researchers in the SEA to produce greater volumes of high-quality publications in this particular field and motivate governments to increase % GDP for R&D for the benefit of patients suffering fromthese rare and disabling conditions.

    Matched MeSH terms: Biomedical Research/standards; Biomedical Research/statistics & numerical data*
  6. Advancing Neuroscience Research in Africa: Invertebrate Species to the Rescue
    Balogun WG, Cobham AE, Amin A, Seeni A
    Neuroscience, 2018 03 15;374:323-325.
    PMID: 29427653 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.01.062
    Neuroscience research and training in many African countries are difficult due to funding and infrastructure deficit. This has resulted in few neuroscientists within Africa. However, invertebrates such as Drosophila and Caenorhabditis elegans could provide the perfect answer to these difficulties. These organisms are cheap, easy to handle and offer a comparable advantage over vertebrates in neuroscience research modeling because they have a simple nervous system and exhibit well-defined behaviors. Studies using invertebrates have helped to understand neurosciences and the complexes associated with it. If Africa wants to catch up with the rest of the world in neuroscience research, it needs to employ this innovative cost-effective approach in its research. To improve invertebrate neuroscience within the Africa continent, the authors advocated the establishment of invertebrate research centers either at regional or national level across Africa. Finally, there is also a need to provide public funding to consolidate the gains that have been made by not-for-profit international organizations over the years.
    Matched MeSH terms: Biomedical Research/economics; Biomedical Research/methods*
  7. Fulltext Asia Cohort Consortium: challenges for collaborative research
    Song M, Rolland B, Potter JD, Kang D
    J Epidemiol, 2012;22(4):287-90.
    PMID: 22672913 DOI: 10.2188/jea.je20120024
    In this era of chronic diseases, large studies are essential in investigating genes, environment, and gene-environment interactions as disease causes, particularly when associations are important but not strong. Moreover, to allow expansion and generalization of the results, studies should be conducted in populations outside Western countries. Here, we briefly describe the Asia Cohort Consortium (ACC), a collaborative cancer cohort research project that was first proposed in 2004 and now involves more than 1 million healthy individuals across Asia. There are approximately 50 active members from Bangladesh, China, India, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Singapore, Taiwan, Thailand, the United States, and elsewhere. To date, the work of the ACC includes 3 articles published in 2011 on the roles of body mass index, tobacco smoking, and alcohol consumption in mortality, diabetes, and cancer of the small intestine. Many challenges remain, including data harmonization, resolution of ethical and legal issues, establishment of protocols for biologic samples and transfer agreements, and funding procurement.
    Matched MeSH terms: Biomedical Research/organization & administration*
  8. Fulltext Patient registries in Malaysia and the role of the Clinical Research Centre of the Ministry of Health
    Pillay MS, Noor Hisham A, Zaki Morad MZ, Lim TO, Jamaiyah H, Jaya Purany SP
    Med J Malaysia, 2008 Sep;63 Suppl C:1-4.
    PMID: 19227669
    Matched MeSH terms: Biomedical Research/organization & administration*
  9. The jurisprudential nature of fraud in biomedical publishing
    Candlish J
    Med Law, 2008 Jun;27(2):285-305.
    PMID: 18693482
    When instances of fraud in biomedical publishing come to light there is widespread indignation, not least because the consequences seem usually only to be internal enquiries and professional displeasure. A number of bodies have been constituted to improve publishing ethics and but these are largely advisory. Potentially though, actions in the tort of deceit and negligence, possibly misfeasance in a public office, and loss of chance could be brought against those responsible. These aspects are examined in the context of English law. In addition the new Fraud Act (2006) appears to be wide enough in scope to cover publishing fraud as a criminal offence. Any organisation such as a drug company financing clinical trials which produce spurious results could face serious losses and might well look to remedies in contract as well as in tort. A theoretical scenario centered on a drug trial is presented in order to explore these issues.
    Matched MeSH terms: Biomedical Research/legislation & jurisprudence*
  10. Fulltext StakeMeter: value-based stakeholder identification and quantification framework for value-based software systems
    Babar MI, Ghazali M, Jawawi DN, Bin Zaheer K
    PLoS One, 2015;10(3):e0121344.
    PMID: 25799490 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121344
    Value-based requirements engineering plays a vital role in the development of value-based software (VBS). Stakeholders are the key players in the requirements engineering process, and the selection of critical stakeholders for the VBS systems is highly desirable. Based on the stakeholder requirements, the innovative or value-based idea is realized. The quality of the VBS system is associated with the concrete set of valuable requirements, and the valuable requirements can only be obtained if all the relevant valuable stakeholders participate in the requirements elicitation phase. The existing value-based approaches focus on the design of the VBS systems. However, the focus on the valuable stakeholders and requirements is inadequate. The current stakeholder identification and quantification (SIQ) approaches are neither state-of-the-art nor systematic for the VBS systems. The existing approaches are time-consuming, complex and inconsistent which makes the initiation process difficult. Moreover, the main motivation of this research is that the existing SIQ approaches do not provide the low level implementation details for SIQ initiation and stakeholder metrics for quantification. Hence, keeping in view the existing SIQ problems, this research contributes in the form of a new SIQ framework called 'StakeMeter'. The StakeMeter framework is verified and validated through case studies. The proposed framework provides low-level implementation guidelines, attributes, metrics, quantification criteria and application procedure as compared to the other methods. The proposed framework solves the issues of stakeholder quantification or prioritization, higher time consumption, complexity, and process initiation. The framework helps in the selection of highly critical stakeholders for the VBS systems with less judgmental error.
    Matched MeSH terms: Biomedical Research/standards
  11. Fulltext Bioinformatics research in the Asia Pacific: a 2007 update
    Ranganathan S, Gribskov M, Tan TW
    BMC Bioinformatics, 2008;9 Suppl 1:S1.
    PMID: 18315840 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2105-9-S1-S1
    We provide a 2007 update on the bioinformatics research in the Asia-Pacific from the Asia Pacific Bioinformatics Network (APBioNet), Asia's oldest bioinformatics organisation set up in 1998. From 2002, APBioNet has organized the first International Conference on Bioinformatics (InCoB) bringing together scientists working in the field of bioinformatics in the region. This year, the InCoB2007 Conference was organized as the 6th annual conference of the Asia-Pacific Bioinformatics Network, on Aug. 27-30, 2007 at Hong Kong, following a series of successful events in Bangkok (Thailand), Penang (Malaysia), Auckland (New Zealand), Busan (South Korea) and New Delhi (India). Besides a scientific meeting at Hong Kong, satellite events organized are a pre-conference training workshop at Hanoi, Vietnam and a post-conference workshop at Nansha, China. This Introduction provides a brief overview of the peer-reviewed manuscripts accepted for publication in this Supplement. We have organized the papers into thematic areas, highlighting the growing contribution of research excellence from this region, to global bioinformatics endeavours.
    Matched MeSH terms: Biomedical Research/trends*
  12. Public Health Research During the COVID-19 Epidemic
    Binns C, Low WY
    Asia Pac J Public Health, 2021 05;33(4):333-334.
    PMID: 33938291 DOI: 10.1177/10105395211012844
    Matched MeSH terms: Biomedical Research*
  13. Primary headache research output and association with socioeconomic factors in Southeast Asia: a bibliometric analysis
    Dela Vega MPD, Yu JRT, Espiritu AI, Jamora RDG
    Neurol Sci, 2021 Jul;42(7):2683-2693.
    PMID: 33880678 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-021-05266-3
    BACKGROUND: Although headache is one of the most common neurologic conditions with a high disease burden, primary data on headache research from Southeast Asia (SEA) was hypothesized to be inadequate. This study aimed to evaluate research productivity among the different countries in SEA and to determine the association between specific bibliometric indices and socioeconomic factors.

    METHODS: A systematic search was conducted until June 10, 2020 in Scopus, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Index Medicus for South-East Asia Region to include all primary headache studies on migraine, tension-type headache, and trigeminal autonomic cephalalgia, with at least one author affiliated with a SEA country. Bibliometric indices, such as the number of publications and PlumX metrics, were obtained and correlated with the country-specific socioeconomic factors.

    RESULTS: We identified 153 articles. Most of the publications (n = 43, 28.1%) were epidemiologic studies and case reports/series (n = 25, 16.3%). Migraine was the most studied primary headache subtype. Malaysia, Singapore, and Thailand were the major contributors to primary headache research in SEA. Only the percent gross domestic product for research and development correlated significantly with research productivity.

    CONCLUSION: Despite the high global burden of disease, research productivity on primary headache was low in SEA. The move towards a knowledge-based economy may drive research productivity in SEA.

    Matched MeSH terms: Biomedical Research*
  14. Japanese men of science in Malaya during Japanese occupation
    CORNER EJ
    Nature, 1946 Jul 13;158:63.
    PMID: 20991747
    Matched MeSH terms: Biomedical Research*
  15. LABORATORY CONTROL OF ANTICOAGULANT THERAPY
    LAU KS, SINGH N
    Med J Malaysia, 1963 Dec;18:107-15.
    PMID: 14117278
    Matched MeSH terms: Biomedical Research*
  16. Survey of research capability at Australian and New Zealand College of Anaesthetists accredited training sites
    Goulding KR, Peyton PJ, Story DA, Parker A, Leslie K
    Anaesth Intensive Care, 2017 03;45(2):196-201.
    PMID: 28267941
    The Australian and New Zealand College of Anaesthetists (ANZCA) has more than 200 accredited training sites in Australia, New Zealand, Hong Kong, Malaysia and Singapore, many of which participate in ANZCA Clinical Trials Network (CTN)-endorsed clinical trials. We undertook a survey of accredited sites to determine research capability, activity and potential. With ethics committee approval an electronic survey was distributed to accredited sites in July 2015. Of 207 accredited sites, 167 were sent the questionnaire (after eliminating ineligible sites) and 128 responded. Response rates for Australia, New Zealand, Hong Kong, Malaysia and Singapore were 100%, 100%, 35%, 25% and 75% respectively. Forty-four (34%) of 128 responding sites had a head of research; 101 (80%) of 126 responding sites were active in research; 42 (33%) of 126 responding sites had no publications since January 2011 and 15 (12%) had >50 publications; 95 (76%) of 125 responding sites had at least one specialist anaesthetist engaged in research (median = 4 [range 1-25]); and 45 (36%) of 125 responding sites had at least one research coordinator (median = 2 [range 1-15]). Fifty-eight (28%) of the 207 accredited sites were identified as participating in recent ANZCA CTN-endorsed clinical trials. Research capability and activity were higher in these sites. This survey has identified a strong base upon which to expand clinical trial activity, and regions, sectors, investigators and research coordinators who may benefit from additional support.
    Matched MeSH terms: Biomedical Research*
  17. Publish or Perish: A Mandate With Negative Collateral Consequences
    Hasan SS, Ahmadi K
    Acad Med, 2017 02;92(2):140.
    PMID: 28118247 DOI: 10.1097/ACM.0000000000001517
    Matched MeSH terms: Biomedical Research/standards*
  18. ARMY Medical Service sends scrub typhus expedition to Malaya
    Med Bull U S Army Eur Command Med Div, 1951 Aug;8(8):366.
    PMID: 14874676
    Similar information: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/311029
    Matched MeSH terms: Biomedical Research*
  19. Challenges in the Ethical Review of Clinical and Biomedical Research in Malaysia: A Mixed Methods Study
    See HY, Mohamed MS, Nor SNM, Low WY
    J Empir Res Hum Res Ethics, 2021 12;16(5):487-500.
    PMID: 34292842 DOI: 10.1177/15562646211033191
    Empirical evidence of the ethical review of clinical and biomedical research in Malaysia is limited. We have conducted a convergent mixed methods research, which comprises an online survey and semistructured interviews to examine the challenges in the ethical review of clinical and biomedical research. Data collected reveal that the ethics review process is inconsistent, duplicate, and inadequate. The results indicate a strong need for a centralized ethical review mechanism and a national system for mutual recognition of ethics reviews to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of the ethics review system in Malaysia. A joint research ethics committee review between Malaysia and sponsoring countries for multinational research should also be encouraged as it could address the concerns of the lack of expertise and training.
    Matched MeSH terms: Biomedical Research*
  20. British Journal of Biomedical Science in 2020. What have we learned?
    Brown NW, Orchard G, Rhodes A
    Br J Biomed Sci, 2020 Oct;77(4):159-167.
    PMID: 33252323 DOI: 10.1080/09674845.2020.1827578
    Each year the British Journal of Biomedical Science publishes a 'What have we learned' editorial designed to introduce readers within the major disciplines of laboratory medicine to developments outside their immediate area. In addition it is designed to inform a wider readership of the advances in the diagnosis and treatment of disease. To this end, in 2020 the journal published 39 articles covering the disciplines within Biomedical Science in the 4 issues comprising volume 77. These included a review of COVID-19 in this issue, 27 original articles, 6 Biomedical Science 'In Brief' and 4 case histories. 27 of the articles involved molecular techniques, with one of these comparing results with a mass spectrometry based method. The preponderance of molecular genetic studies gives us a good idea of the likely future direction of the disciplines.
    Matched MeSH terms: Biomedical Research/trends*
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