Displaying publications 21 - 40 of 192 in total

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  1. Fulltext Corneal endothelial cell density and morphology in normal Malay eyes
    Mohammad-Salih PA
    Med J Malaysia, 2011 Oct;66(4):300-3.
    PMID: 22299546 MyJurnal
    This study was conducted to describe corneal endothelial cell density and morphology in Malay eyes. Non-contact specular microscopy was performed in 125 eyes of 125 Malay volunteers, aged 20-87 years. Studied parameters included endothelial cell density (CD), mean cell area (MCA), coefficient of variation (CV) in cell area, as well as hexagonal appearance of the cells. Mean endothelial cell density in the study population was 2648 +/- 310 cell/mm(2). Mean CA, CV and percentage of hexagonal cells were 382.8 +/- 47.7microm(2), 58.1 +/- 22.6, 44.3% +/- 11.5% respectively. There was a statistically significant decrease in endothelial cell density (correlation - 0.300, P = 0.001) and CV in cell size (correlation - 0.208, P = 0.02) with age. There was a statistically significant increase in mean cell area (correlation 0.300, P = 0.001) with increasing age. The correlation between age and percentage of hexagonal cells was insignificant (correlation 0.074, P = 0.41). In conclusion, a consistent decrease was noted in the endothelial cell density with increasing age. The differences in endothelial cell density between genders were statistically insignificant.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cell Count
  2. Effect of maternal age, birth weight and infant sex on total nucleated cell (TNC) count and volume of umbilical cord blood (UCB) collected
    Choong SN, Ng YK, Kamalan A, Saraswathy S, Goh EH, Lee MJ, et al.
    Med J Malaysia, 2008 Jul;63 Suppl A:55-6.
    PMID: 19024981
    This study evaluates the effect of maternal age, birth weight and infant sex on two main UCB parameters for use and long-term cryopreservation: TNC and volume. Data from 1000 UCB units were collected and analyzed in this study. The results indicate that TNC is correlated to infant birth weight and sex but not maternal age at delivery. Volume is only correlated to birth weight but not maternal age and infant sex.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cell Count
  3. Collagen as potential cell scaffolds for tissue engineering
    Annuar N, Spier RE
    Med J Malaysia, 2004 May;59 Suppl B:204-5.
    PMID: 15468889
    Selections of collagen available commercially were tested for their biocompatibility as scaffold to promote cell growth in vitro via simple collagen fast test and cultivation of mammalian cells on the selected type of collagen. It was found that collagen type C9791 promotes the highest degree of aggregation as well as cells growth. This preliminary study also indicated potential use of collagen as scaffold in engineered tissue.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cell Count
  4. Formation of tissue-engineered human auricular cartilage via tissue engineering technique for future use in ear surgery
    Saim L, Aminuddin BS, Munirah S, Chua KH, Izuddin Fahmy A, Fuzina NH, et al.
    Med J Malaysia, 2004 May;59 Suppl B:192-3.
    PMID: 15468883
    To date there is no optimal approach to reconstruct an external ear. However, advances in tissue engineering technologies have indicated that in vitro autologous elastic cartilage might be of great importance in the future treatment of these patients. The aim of this study was to observe monolayer expansion of auricular cartilage and to evaluate engineered cartilage using standard histochemical study.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cell Count
  5. Tissue-engineered bone applied for alveolar ridge augmentation with simultaneous implant
    Ueda M
    Med J Malaysia, 2004 May;59 Suppl B:29.
    PMID: 15468803
    Matched MeSH terms: Cell Count
  6. The significance of using pooled human serum in human articular cartilage tissue engineering
    Azmi B, Aminuddin BS, Sharaf I, Samsudin OC, Munirah S, Chua KH, et al.
    Med J Malaysia, 2004 May;59 Suppl B:13-4.
    PMID: 15468795
    Animal serum is commonly used in chondrocytes culture expansion to promote cell proliferation and shorten the time lag before new tissue reconstruction is possible. However, animal serum is not suitable for regeneration of clinical tissue because it has potential risk of viral and prion related disease transmission particularly mad cow disease and foreign protein contamination that can stimulate immune reaction leading to graft rejection. In this context, human serum as homologous supplement has a greater potential as growth promoting agents for human chondrocytes culture.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cell Count
  7. The effects of autologous human serum on the growth of tissue engineered human articular cartilage
    Badrul AH, Aminuddin BS, Sharaf I, Samsudin OC, Munirah S, Ruszymah BH
    Med J Malaysia, 2004 May;59 Suppl B:11-2.
    PMID: 15468794
    Culture media supplemented with animal serum e.g. fetal bovine serum; FBS is commonly used for human culture expansion. However, for clinical application, FBS is restricted as its carry a risk of viral or prion transmission. Engineering autologous cartilage with autologous human serum supplementation is seen as a better solution to reduce the risk of transmitting infectious diseases and immune rejection during cartilage transplantation. The purpose of this study is to establish and compare the effects of 10% autologous human serum (AHS) and 10% FBS on the growth of chondrocytes and the formation of tissue engineered human articular cartilage.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cell Count
  8. Prognostic significance of morphological and cytochemical markers in adult acute myelogenous leukaemia: concepts and observations
    George E, Kamarulzaman E
    Med J Malaysia, 1979 Dec;34(2):184-6.
    PMID: 297198
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Cell Count
  9. Erythrocyte transketolase activity and anaemia
    Chong YH, Ho GS
    Med J Malaysia, 1973 Dec;28(2):113-4.
    PMID: 4276226
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Cell Count
  10. Prothrombotic markers in Thalassemia major patients: A paradigm shift
    Sultan S, Irfan SM, Zaidi SM
    Med J Malaysia, 2018 08;73(4):185-189.
    PMID: 30121679
    BACKGROUND: It is being increasingly recognised that thalassemia major patients, like intermedia, have increased propensity for thromboembolism. Deficiency of natural anticoagulants is more recently defined finding contributing to the hypercoagulable state. The aim this study is to determine natural anticoagulants levels and their correlation with maternal characteristics, haematological and biochemical markers.

    METHODS: This is a prospective case-control study. We registered 80 patients and 60 healthy controls from Jan 2009 to Dec 2013. Complete blood counts, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, protein C, protein S, antithrombin, serum ferritin, liver enzymes; HbsAg and Anti- HCV were evaluated.

    RESULT: There were 42 males and 38 females with mean age of 12.30±5.50 years. The mean protein C, protein S and antithrombin in patients and control were 58.25±22.5 versus 110.67±22.60, 67.90±19.58 versus 98.70±21.54 and 89.73±18.09 versus 104.0±10.98 (p<0.001) respectively. Protein C was predominantly deficient in 65% followed by protein S and antithrombin in 35% and 20% respectively. Protein C deficiency divulged positive correlation with protein S deficiency (p = 0.035) and antithrombin deficiency with hemoglobin of ≤8gm% (p<0.0025). No significant correlation of prothrombotic markers was established with maternal characteristics, hepatic dysfunction, hepatitis and serum ferritin.

    CONCLUSION: Substantial decrement in prothrombotic markers, primarily protein C, may be implicated in elevated thrombosis; however follow-up data is required to establish definitive thromboembolic events.

    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Cell Count
  11. Reference interval establishment of full blood count extended research parameters in the multi-ethnic population of Malaysia
    Angeli A, Andrew OS, Qian YZ, Anselm ST, Chang KM, Jameela S, et al.
    Med J Malaysia, 2019 12;74(6):534-536.
    PMID: 31929481
    Haematological cellular structures may be elucidated using automated full blood count (FBC) analysers such as Unicel DxH 800 via cell population data (CPD) analysis. The CPD values are generated by calculating volume, conductivity, and five types of scatter angles of individual cells which would form clusters or populations. This study considered 126 CPD parameter values of 1077 healthy Malaysian adults to develop reference intervals for each CPD parameter. The utility of the CPD reference interval established may range from understanding the normal haematological cellular structures to analysis of distinct cellular features related to the development of haematological disorders and malignancies.
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Cell Count
  12. Uncontrollable bleeding due to hypofibrinogenemia in a case of acute myelo-monocytic leukaemia
    Banerjee AK
    Med J Malaya, 1971 Mar;25(3):187-92.
    PMID: 4253245
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Cell Count
  13. Fulltext Variant of Helicobacter pylori CagA proteins induce different magnitude of morphological changes in gastric epithelial cells
    Alfizah H, Ramelah M
    Malays J Pathol, 2012 Jun;34(1):29-34.
    PMID: 22870595 MyJurnal
    Infection with Helicobacter pylori cagA-positive strains is associated with gastroduodenal diseases. The CagA protein is injected into gastric epithelial cells and supposedly induces morphological changes termed the 'hummingbird phenotype', which is associated with scattering and increased cell motility. The molecular mechanisms leading to the CagA-dependent morphological changes are only partially known. The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of CagA variants on the magnitude of gastric epithelial cell morphological changes. Recombinant 3' terminal domains of cagA were cloned and expressed in a gastric epithelial cell line and the hummingbird phenotype was quantified by microscopy. The 3' region of the cagA gene of Malaysian H. pylori isolates showed six sub-genotypes that differed in the structural organization of the EPIYA repeat sequences. The percentage of hummingbird cells induced by CagA increased with duration of transfection. The hummingbird phenotype was observed to be more pronounced when CagA with 4 EPIYA motifs rather than 3 or 2 EPIYA motifs was produced. The activity of different CagA variants in the induction of the hummingbird phenotype in gastric epithelial cells depends at least in part on EPIYA motif variability. The difference in CagA genotypes might influence the potential of individual CagAs to cause morphological changes in host cells. Depending on the relative exposure of cells to CagA genotypes, this may contribute to the various disease outcomes caused by H. pylori infection in different individuals.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cell Count
  14. Fulltext Dendritic cell distribution in lymphomas
    Hussin HN, Zulkifli FN, Phang KS, Cheong SK
    Malays J Pathol, 2009 Dec;31(2):105-12.
    PMID: 20514853 MyJurnal
    Dendritic cells (DC) are specialized antigen presenting cells (APC) that have important roles in host defenses and in generating anti-tumour immune response. Altered frequency and maturation of DC have been reported in malignant tumours. We studied the distribution and maturation status of DC by immunohistochemistry, on the formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded lymph node tissues of 32 histologically diagnosed lymphomas and 40 inflammatory conditions that were retrieved from the Department of Pathology, UKM Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur. Our study showed a significant reduction in the total DC counts in the lymphoma tissues compared to the inflammatory conditions. The mature and immature DC counts were both significantly reduced (p = 0.008 and 0.001 respectively), although a greater reduction was observed in mature DC numbers. We also observed compartmentalization of DC where the immature DC were seen within the tumour tissues and the mature DC were more in peri-tumoural areas. Our findings were similar to other reports, suggesting that reduced numbers of DC appears to be a factor contributing to lack of tumour surveillance in these cases.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cell Count
  15. Expression of transforming growth factor-beta and determination of apoptotic index in histopathological sections for assessment of the effects of Apigenin (4', 5', 7'- Trihydroxyflavone) on Cyclosporine A induced renal damage
    Chong FW, Chakravarthi S, Nagaraja HS, Thanikachalam PM, Lee N
    Malays J Pathol, 2009 Jun;31(1):35-43.
    PMID: 19694312
    Cyclosporine A (CsA), a calcineurin inhibitor produced by the fungi Trichoderma polysporum and Cylindrocarpon lucidum, is an immunosuppressant prescribed in organ transplants to prevent rejection. Its adverse effect on renal dysfunction has limited its use in a clinical setting. Apigenin (4',5',7'-Trihydroxyflavone), a herbal extract, with anti-inflammatory and anti-tumour properties, has been investigated for properties to reverse this adverse effect. This research was conducted to establish a standard protocol for immunohistochemical estimation of Transforming Growth Factor beta (TGF-beta) expression, as an indicator of Cyclosporine A induced damage, and to observe whether apoptotic index and TGF-beta expression can be used to assess effects of Apigenin on CsA induced renal dysfunction. Six groups of 5 male Sprague-Dawley albino rats each were dosed once daily for 21 days, as follows: (1) negative control--oral corn oil, (2) positive control--Cyclosporine A (25 mg/kg), (3) Group 3--Apigenin (20 mg/kg), (4) Group 4--Cyclosporine A (25 mg/kg) +Apigenin (10 mg/kg), (5) Group 5--Cyclosporine A (25 mg/kg) +Apigenin (15 mg/kg) and (6) Group 6--Cyclosporine A (25 mg/kg) +Apigenin (20 mg/kg). Cyclosporine A was administered intra-peritoneally while Apigenin was given orally. The rat kidneys were harvested and examined microscopically to assess the apoptotic index, and stained by immunohistochemistry for multifunctioning polypeptide TGF-beta expression. A high apoptotic index and TGF-beta intensity was observed in the Cyclosporine A group. Apigenin significantly reduced the both apoptotic index and TGF-beta intensity. The apoptotic index correlated with TGF-beta intensity, especially in glomeruli. This study indicates that Cyclosporine A can enhance the TGF-beta expression in rat kidney, signifying accelerated apoptosis. TGF-beta and apoptotic index may be used to assess Apigenin and its effect on Cyclosporine A induced renal damage.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cell Count
  16. Fulltext Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) activity in hepatocellular carcinoma, benign peri-neoplastic and normal liver
    Mun KS, Cheah PL, Baharudin NB, Looi LM
    Malays J Pathol, 2006 Dec;28(2):73-7.
    PMID: 18376794 MyJurnal
    Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is among the ten most common cancers in Malaysian males. As cellular proliferation is an important feature of malignant transformation, we studied the proliferation pattern of normal and benign perineoplastic liver versus hepatocellular carcinoma in an attempt to further understand the tumour transformation process. 39 HCC (21 with accompanying and 18 without cirrhosis) histologically diagnosed at the Department of Pathology, University of Malaya Medical Centre between January 1992 and December 2003 were immunohistochemically studied using a monoclonal antibody to PCNA (Clone PC10: Dako). 20 livers from cases who had succumbed to traumatic injuries served as normal liver controls (NL). PCNA labeling index (PCNA-LI) was determined by counting the number of immunopositive cells in 1000 contiguous HCC, benign cirrhotic perineoplastic liver (BLC), benign perineoplastic non-cirrhotic (BLNC) and NL cells and conversion to a percentage. The PCNA-LI was also expressed as Ojanguren et al's grades. PCNA was expressed in 10% NL, 38.9% BLNC, 76.2% BLC and 71.8% HCC with BLNC, BLC and HCC showing significantly increased (p < 0.05) number of cases which expressed PCNA compared with NL. The number of BLC which expressed PCNA was also significantly increased compared with BLNC. PCNA-LI ranged from 0-2.0% (mean = 0.2%) in NL, 0-2.0% (mean = 0.3%) in BLNC, 0-3.6% (mean = 0.7%) in BLC and 0-53.8% (mean = 7.6%) in HCC with PCNA-LI significantly increased (p < 0.05) only in HCC compared with BLC, BLNC and NL. Accordingly, all NL, BLC and BLNC showed minimal (<5% cells being immunopositive) immunoreactivity on Ojanguren et al's grading system and only HCC demonstrated immunoreactivity which ranged up to grade 3 (75% of cells). From this study, there appears to be a generally increasing trend of proliferative activity from NL to BLNC to BLC and HCC. Nonetheless, BLNC and BLC, like NL, retained low PCNA-LI and only HCC had a significantly increased PCNA-LI compared with the benign categories. This is probably related to the malignant nature of HCC and may reflect the uncontrolled proliferation of the neoplastic hepatocytes.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cell Count
  17. Fulltext Lymphocyte subsets in systemic lupus erythematosus
    Cheong SK, Chin SF, Kong NC
    Malays J Pathol, 1997 Dec;19(2):121-5.
    PMID: 10879252
    Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease characterised by increased B cell activity and depressed T cell function. However, the contribution of the immunoregulatory system to its pathogenesis is still unclear. The recent development in the production of monoclonal antibodies and the availability of bench-top flow cytometers have allowed rapid quantitation of peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets. We analysed the distribution of the lymphocyte subsets in 24 patients with active SLE and 18 with inactive SLE. The distribution of immunoregulatory cells in 72 normal volunteers was used as control. Statistical analysis showed that there were significant differences between both the SLE groups and the normal controls, for total lymphocytes, T cells, B cells, T helper cells, T suppressor cells, T helper/suppressor ratio and natural killer cells. There was a significant difference for T helper cells between active and inactive SLE. T helper cells levels were found to be low in inactive SLE and lower in active SLE. It appears that treatment-induced remissions did not restore the levels of immunoregulatory cells to normal. Thus, T helper cell levels reflect disease activity and longitudinal assays of T helper cells may serve as an indicator of disease reactivation.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cell Count
  18. The distribution of immunoregulatory cells in the peripheral blood of normal Malaysian adults
    Chin SF, Cheong SK, Lim YC, Ton SH
    Malays J Pathol, 1993 Jun;15(1):49-52.
    PMID: 8277790
    The distribution of immunoregulatory cells in the peripheral blood of an individual has now been established as an important tool in helping the management of several diseases. It is necessary to set the normal ranges of these cells for the laboratory. We have undertaken in this study to establish the reference ranges for normal Malaysian adults. We found that the mean percentages of T cells, B cells, T Helper cells (CD4), T suppressor cells (CD8), NK cells and the ratio of CD4/CD8 were 70.91%, 11.38%, 38.15%, 37.76%, 17.45%, and 1.00 respectively. There was no significant difference between the sexes. In certain parameters, there was significant differences between Malay, Chinese and Indians. The Chinese and Indians were significantly different in the distribution of B cells and in the CD4/CD8 ratio. In the case of CD4 and NK cells, the Indians were different from the other two groups.
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Cell Count*
  19. Processing haematological data on a network environment
    Ag Z, Cheong SK
    Malays J Pathol, 1995 Dec;17(2):77-81.
    PMID: 8935130
    A system for computerising full blood picture reporting developed in-house using dBASE IV on IBM-compatible microcomputers in a local area network environment is described. The software package has a user-friendly interface which consists of a horizontal main menu bar with associated pull-down submenus. The package captures data directly from an automatic blood cell counter and provides options to modify or delete records, search for records, print interim, final or cumulative reports, record differential counts with an emulator, facilitate house-keeping activities which include backing-up databases and repairing corrupted indices. The implementation of this system has helped to improve the efficiency of reporting full blood picture in the haematology laboratory.
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Cell Count/instrumentation*; Blood Cell Count/methods*
  20. Evaluation of the Contraves Autolyzer 801
    Lim YC, Cheong SK, Joyce JA, Ainoon O, Jeyasekeran V, Menaka N
    Malays J Pathol, 1990 Jun;12(1):43-9.
    PMID: 2090889
    The Contraves Autolyzer 801 is a 20 parameter cell counter that operates on the principle of impedance. This evaluation study found that the within-batch precision for 5 of its parameters--WBC, RBC, Hb, Hct and Plt--had coefficients of variation below 5%, while the counts for red cell parameters were reproducible for up to 3 days. The analyser exhibited good linearity for all the parameters. When compared with 2 other counters--the Coulter S-Plus and the Coulter M350, some degree of proportional and constant bias due to unsuitable calibration were detected in the WBC, Hct and Plt parameters. Otherwise it showed generally good correlation in all the parameters and also with the manual PCV method. Carry over was negligible in the red cell parameters. The Contraves Autolyzer 801 is easy to operate and readily accepted by operators.
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Cell Count/instrumentation*
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