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Displaying publications 21 - 27 of 27 in total

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Antibodies against prM protein distinguish between previous infection with dengue and Japanese encephalitis viruses

Cardosa MJ, Wang SM, Sum MS, Tio PH

BMC Microbiol, 2002 May 5;2:9.
PMID: 12019028

In Southeast Asia, dengue viruses often co-circulate with other flaviviruses such as Japanese encephalitis virus, and due to the presence of shared antigenic epitopes it is often difficult to use serological methods to distinguish between previous infections by these flaviviruses.

Matched MeSH terms: Encephalitis Viruses, Japanese/immunology*; Encephalitis Viruses, Japanese/isolation & purification
Fulltext Seroprevalence report on tick-borne encephalitis virus and Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus among Malaysian's farm workers

Mohd Shukri M, Ling Kho K, Ghane Kisomi M, Lani R, Marlina S, Muhd Radzi SF, et al.

BMC Public Health, 2015;15:704.
PMID: 26205588 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-015-1901-4

Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) and Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) are important tick-borne viruses. Despite their wide geographical distribution and ease of acquisition, the prevalence of both viruses in Malaysia is still unknown. This study was conducted to determine the seroprevalence for TBEV and CCHFV among Malaysian farm workers as a high-risk group within the population.

Matched MeSH terms: Encephalitis Viruses, Tick-Borne/immunology*
Glycosylation and antigenic variation among Kunjin virus isolates

Adams SC, Broom AK, Sammels LM, Hartnett AC, Howard MJ, Coelen RJ, et al.

Virology, 1995 Jan 10;206(1):49-56.
PMID: 7530394

Previous studies have found Kunjin (KUN) virus isolates from within Australia to be genetically homogenous and that the envelope protein of the type strain (MRM61C) was unglycosylated and lacked a potential glycosylation site. We investigated the extent of antigenic variation between KUN virus isolates from Australia and Sarawak using an immunoperoxidase assay and a panel of six monoclonal antibodies. The glycosylation status of the E protein of each virus was also determined by N glycosidase F (PNGase F) digestion and limited sequence analysis. The results showed that KUN viruses isolated within Australia oscillated between three antigenic types defined by two epitopes whose expression was influenced by passage history and host cell type. In contrast an isolate from Sarawak formed a stable antigenic type that was not influenced by passage history and was distinct from all Australian isolates. PNGase F digestions of KUN isolates indicated that 19 of the 33 viruses possessed a glycosylated E protein. Nucleotide sequence of the 5' third of the E gene of selected KUN isolates revealed that a single base change in PNGase F sensitive strains changed the tripeptide N-Y-F (amino acids 154-156 of the published sequence) to the potential glycosylation site N-Y-S. Further analysis revealed that passage history also had a significant influence on glycosylation.

Matched MeSH terms: Encephalitis Viruses, Japanese/immunology*
Fulltext Cerebral glucose hypometabolism in Tick-Borne Encephalitis, a pilot study in 10 Patients

Dietmann A, Putzer D, Beer R, Helbok R, Pfausler B, Nordin AJ, et al.

Int J Infect Dis, 2016 Oct;51:73-77.
PMID: 27418580 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2016.06.022

BACKGROUND: Tick borne encephalitis (TBE) is an acute meningoencephalitis with or without myelitis caused by an RNA virus from the flavivirus family transmitted by Ixodes spp ticks. The neurotropic TBE virus infects preferentially large neurons in basal ganglia, anterior horns, medulla oblongata, Purkinje cells and thalamus. Brain metabolic changes related to radiologic and clinical findings have not been described so far.
METHODS: Here we describe the clinical course of 10 consecutive TBE patients with outcome assessment at discharge and after 12 month using a modified Rankin Scale. Patients underwent cerebral MRI after confirmation of diagnosis and before discharge. (18)F-FDG PET/CT scans were performed within day 5 to day 14 after TBE diagnosis. Extended analysis of coagulation parameters by thrombelastometry (ROTEM® InTEM, ExTEM, FibTEM) was performed every other day after confirmation of TBE diagnosis up to day 10 after hospital admission or discharge.
RESULTS: All patients presented with a meningoencephalitic course of disease. Cerebral MRI scans showed unspecific findings at predilection areas in 3 patients. (18)F-FDG PET/CT showed increased glucose utilization in one patient and decreased (18)F-FDG uptake in seven patients. Changes in coagulation measured by standard parameters and thrombelastometry were not found in any of the patients.
DISCUSSION: Glucose hypometabolism was present in 7 out of 10 TBE patients reflecting neuronal dysfunction in predilection areas of TBE virus infiltration responsible for development of clinical signs and symptoms.

Matched MeSH terms: Encephalitis Viruses, Tick-Borne/physiology*
Fulltext Detection of Langat virus by TaqMan real-time one-step qRT-PCR method

Muhd Radzi SF, Rückert C, Sam SS, Teoh BT, Jee PF, Phoon WH, et al.

Sci Rep, 2015;5:14007.
PMID: 26360297 DOI: 10.1038/srep14007

Langat virus (LGTV), one of the members of the tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) complex, was firstly isolated from Ixodes granulatus ticks in Malaysia. However, the prevalence of LGTV in ticks in the region remains unknown. Surveillance for LGTV is therefore important and thus a tool for specific detection of LGTV is needed. In the present study, we developed a real-time quantitative reverse-transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) for rapid detection of LGTV. Our findings showed that the developed qRT-PCR could detect LGTV at a titre as low as 0.1 FFU/ml. The detection limit of the qRT-PCR assay at 95% probability was 0.28 FFU/ml as determined by probit analysis (p ≤ 0.05). Besides, the designed primers and probe did not amplify ORF of the E genes for some closely related and more pathogenic viruses including TBEV, Louping ill virus, Omsk hemorrhagic fever virus (OHFV), Alkhurma virus (ALKV), Kyasanur Forest Disease virus (KFDV) and Powassan virus (POWV) which showed the acceptable specificity of the developed assay. The sensitivity of the developed method also has been confirmed by determining the LGTV in infected tick cell line as well as LGTV- spiked tick tissues.

Matched MeSH terms: Encephalitis Viruses, Tick-Borne
Fulltext Serological screening of Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) among Malaysian encephalitis patients

Thayan R, Khairullah NS, Ho TM

Trop Biomed, 2004 Dec;21(2):153-6.
PMID: 16493408

Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is a viral infection of the central nervous system and is caused by tick bites, usually after travel to rural or forested areas. The disease is prevalent in Scandinavia, Western Europe, Central Europe and the former Soviet Union and East Asia including Japan. In Malaysia, so far there are no reported cases of TBE. In the present time, many illnesses have been attributed to traveling to other parts of the world. Thus it is important to carry out TBE prevalence study to determine whether the virus is present among Malaysian population. Samples (sera and CSF) from patients admitted to major MOH hospitals in Peninsular Malaysia and Sabah with a clinical diagnosis of encephalitis but is IgM negative for JE, were tested for TBEV IgM ELISA and TBEV IgG ELISA (DRG, Germany). Out of the 600 samples screened for TBEV IgG, all were non-reactive. In addition, out of the 100 samples screened for TBEV IgM, all the samples were also non-reactive. Our results indicate that currently TBE is not present in the Malaysian population. Among the reasons for this could be lack of the infection agent, absence of the suitable vector or subjects selected for the study did not fit the criteria of possible exposure to TBE infections. Hence we recommend that for any future study, the selection of subjects should include those who returned from tick-infested forested areas.

Matched MeSH terms: Encephalitis Viruses, Tick-Borne
Increased serum vascular endothelial growth factor is associated with acute viral encephalitis in Bangladeshi children

Mori D, Khanam W, Sheikh RA, Tabib SMSB, Ikebe E, Hossain MM, et al.

Sci Rep, 2017 Nov 23;7(1):16181.
PMID: 29170534 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16474-3

Encephalitis causes significant global morbidity and mortality. A large number of viruses cause encephalitis, and their geographic and temporal distributions vary. In many encephalitis cases, the virus cannot be detected, even after extensive testing. This is one challenge in management of the encephalitis patient. Since cytokines are pivotal in any form of inflammation and vary according to the nature of the inflammation, we hypothesized cytokine levels would allow us to discriminate between encephalitis caused by viruses and other aetiologies. This pilot study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Viral detection was performed by polymerase chain reaction using patient cerebrospinal fluid. Acute phase reactants and cytokines were detected in patient serum. Of the 29 biomarkers assessed using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test, only vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was significantly higher (P = 0.0015) in viral-positive compared with virus-negative encephalitis patients. The area under the curve (AUC) for VEGF was 0.82 (95% confidence interval: 0.66-0.98). Serum VEGF may discriminate between virus-positive and virus-negative encephalitis. Further study will be needed to confirm these findings.

Matched MeSH terms: Encephalitis Viruses