Displaying publications 21 - 40 of 401 in total

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  1. Thermoluminescence responses of photon- and electron-irradiated lithium potassium borate co-doped with Cu+Mg or Ti+Mg
    Alajerami YS, Hashim S, Ramli AT, Saleh MA, Saripan MI, Alzimami K, et al.
    Appl Radiat Isot, 2013 Aug;78:21-5.
    PMID: 23644162 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2013.03.095
    New glasses Li2CO3-K2CO3-H3BO3 (LKB) co-doped with CuO and MgO, or with TiO2 and MgO, were synthesized by the chemical quenching technique. The thermoluminescence (TL) responses of LKB:Cu,Mg and LKB:Ti,Mg irradiated with 6 MV photons or 6 MeV electrons were compared in the dose range 0.5-4.0 Gy. The standard commercial dosimeter LiF:Mg,Ti (TLD-100) was used to calibrate the TL reader and as a reference in comparison of the TL properties of the new materials. The dependence of the responses of the new materials on (60)Co dose is linear in the range of 1-1000 Gy. The TL yields of both of the co-doped glasses and TLD-100 are greater for electron irradiation than for photon irradiation. The TL sensitivity of LKB:Ti,Mg is 1.3 times higher than the sensitivity of LKB:Cu,Mg and 12 times less than the sensitivity of TLD-100. The new TL dosimetric materials have low effective atomic numbers, good linearity of the dose responses, excellent signal reproducibility, and a simple glow curve structure. This combination of properties makes them suitable for radiation dosimetry.
    Matched MeSH terms: Equipment Design
  2. The thermoluminescence response of doped SiO2 optical fibres subjected to fast neutrons
    Hashim S, Bradley DA, Saripan MI, Ramli AT, Wagiran H
    Appl Radiat Isot, 2010 Apr-May;68(4-5):700-3.
    PMID: 19892557 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2009.10.027
    This paper describes a preliminary study of the thermoluminescence (TL) response of doped SiO(2) optical fibres subjected to (241)AmBe neutron irradiation. The TL materials, which comprise Al- and Ge-doped silica fibres, were exposed in close contact with the (241)AmBe source to obtain fast neutron interactions through use of measurements obtained with and without a Cd filter (the filter being made to entirely enclose the fibres). The neutron irradiations were performed for exposure times of 1-, 2-, 3-, 5- and 7-days in a neutron tank filled with water. In this study, use was also made of the Monte Carlo N-particle (MCNP) code version 5 (V5) to simulate the neutron irradiations experiment. It was found that the commercially available Ge-doped and Al-doped optical fibres show a linear dose response subjected to fast neutrons from (241)AmBe source up to seven days of irradiations. The simulation performed using MCNP5 also exhibits a similar pattern, albeit differing in sensitivity. The TL response of Ge-doped fibre is markedly greater than that of the Al-doped fibre, the total absorption cross section for Ge in both the fast and thermal neutrons region being some ten times greater than that of Al.
    Matched MeSH terms: Equipment Design
  3. A low-cost phantom for simple routine testing of single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) cameras
    Ng AH, Ng KH, Dharmendra H, Perkins AC
    Appl Radiat Isot, 2009 Oct;67(10):1864-8.
    PMID: 19049851 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2008.10.010
    A simple sphere test phantom has been developed for routine performance testing of SPECT systems in situations where expensive commercial phantoms may not be available. The phantom was based on a design with six universal syringe hubs set in the frame to support a circular array of six glass blown spheres of different sizes. The frame was then placed into a water-filled CT abdomen phantom and scanned with a triple head camera system (Philips IRIX, USA). Comparison was made with a commercially available phantom (Deluxe Jaszczak phantom). Whereas the commercial phantom demonstrates cold spot resolution, an important advantage of the sphere test phantom was that hot spot resolution could be easily measured using almost half (370MBq) of the activity recommended for use in the commercial phantom. Results showed that the contrast increased non-linearly with sphere volume and radionuclide concentration. The phantom was found to be suitable as an inexpensive option for daily performance tests.
    Matched MeSH terms: Equipment Design
  4. Carbon nanotubes buckypaper radiation studies for medical physics applications
    Alanazi A, Alkhorayef M, Alzimami K, Jurewicz I, Abuhadi N, Dalton A, et al.
    Appl Radiat Isot, 2016 Nov;117:106-110.
    PMID: 26777569 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2016.01.001
    Graphite ion chambers and semiconductor diode detectors have been used to make measurements in phantoms but these active devices represent a clear disadvantage when considered for in vivo dosimetry. In such circumstance, dosimeters with atomic number similar to human tissue are needed. Carbon nanotubes have properties that potentially meet the demand, requiring low voltage in active devices and an atomic number similar to adipose tissue. In this study, single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) buckypaper has been used to measure the beta particle dose deposited from a strontium-90 source, the medium displaying thermoluminescence at potentially useful sensitivity. As an example, the samples show a clear response for a dose of 2Gy. This finding suggests that carbon nanotubes can be used as a passive dosimeter specifically for the high levels of radiation exposures used in radiation therapy. Furthermore, the finding points towards further potential applications such as for space radiation measurements, not least because the medium satisfies a demand for light but strong materials of minimal capacitance.
    Matched MeSH terms: Equipment Design
  5. The thermoluminescence glow curve and the deconvoluted glow peak characteristics of erbium doped silica fiber exposed to 70-130 kVp x-rays
    Alawiah A, Bauk S, Marashdeh MW, Nazura MZ, Abdul-Rashid HA, Yusoff Z, et al.
    Appl Radiat Isot, 2015 Oct;104:197-202.
    PMID: 26188687 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2015.07.011
    In regard to thermoluminescence (TL) applied to dosimetry, in recent times a number of researchers have explored the role of optical fibers for radiation detection and measurement. Many of the studies have focused on the specific dopant concentration, the type of dopant and the fiber core diameter, all key dependencies in producing significant increase in the sensitivity of such fibers. At doses of less than 1 Gy none of these investigations have addressed the relationship between dose response and TL glow peak behavior of erbium (Er)-doped silica cylindrical fibers (CF). For x-rays obtained at accelerating potentials from 70 to 130 kVp, delivering doses of between 0.1 and 0.7 Gy, present study explores the issue of dose response, special attention being paid to determination of the kinetic parameters and dosimetric peak properties of Er-doped CF. The effect of dose response on the kinetic parameters of the glow peak has been compared against other fiber types, revealing previously misunderstood connections between kinetic parameters and radiation dose. Within the investigated dose range there was an absence of supralinearity of response of the Er-doped silica CF, instead sub-linear response being observed. Detailed examination of glow peak response and kinetic parameters has thus been shown to shed new light of the rarely acknowledged issue of the limitation of TL kinetic model and sub-linear dose response of Er-doped silica CF.
    Matched MeSH terms: Equipment Design
  6. Differential dose absorptions for various biological tissue equivalent materials using Gafchromic XR-QA2 film in diagnostic radiology
    Alsadig AA, Abbas S, Kandaiya S, Ashikin NARNN, Qaeed MA
    Appl Radiat Isot, 2017 Nov;129:130-134.
    PMID: 28843699 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2017.08.021
    Phantoms are devices that simulate human tissues including soft tissues, lungs, and bones in medical and health physics. The purpose of this work was to investigate the differential dose absorption in several commercially available low-cost materials as substitutes to human tissues using Gafchromic XR-QA2 film. The measurement of absorbed dose by different materials of various densities was made using the film to establish the relationship between the absorbed dose and the material density. Materials investigated included soft board materials, Perspex, chicken bone, Jeltrate, chalk, cow bone, marble, and aluminum, which have varying densities from 0.26 to 2.67gcm-3. The absorbed dose increased as the density and atomic number of the material increased. The absorbed dose to the density can be well represented by a polynomial function for the materials used.
    Matched MeSH terms: Equipment Design
  7. Efficacy of phototherapy for neonatal jaundice is increased by the use of low-cost white reflecting curtains
    Djokomuljanto S, Quah BS, Surini Y, Noraida R, Ismail NZ, Hansen TW, et al.
    Arch. Dis. Child. Fetal Neonatal Ed., 2006 Nov;91(6):F439-42.
    PMID: 16877479
    To determine whether the addition of low-cost reflecting curtains to a standard phototherapy unit could increase effectiveness of phototherapy for neonatal jaundice.
    Matched MeSH terms: Equipment Design
  8. Cross flow ultrafiltration studies on solutions of pectin with pulsatile flow in-situ cleaning
    Shamel MM, Sulaiman NM, Sulaiman MZ
    Artif Cells Blood Substit Immobil Biotechnol, 1999 Sep-Nov;27(5-6):447-53.
    PMID: 10595447
    A study was conducted to evaluate the cross flow tubular ultrafiltration behavior of aqueous solutions of pectin. The effectiveness of pulsatile flow as a cleaning-in-place (CIP) technique to improve permeate flux was undertaken on the above mentioned solution. This investigation is part of a study to apply membrane filtration in the clarification of tropical fruit juice. The main variables, which were investigated, include the concentration of pectin, pulse frequency and amplitude. It was found that the amount of pectin in the solution significantly affects its ultrafiltration behavior. From the observed profiles, it is evident that the formation of gel layer on the membrane surface is responsible for the leveling of flux at high pressures. The presence of pectin was found to affect the properties of the solution such as viscosity, pH and the size of pectin colloid. Improvements in the permeate flux for pectin solution were obtained by employing pulsatile flow cleaning-in-place technique. Both pulse frequency and amplitude are important parameters that can improve the improvement of in-situ cleaning method. Similar to several findings reported in the literature, pulsatile flow showed significant effectiveness of about 60% higher flux when the ultrafiltration process is operated under laminar condition.
    Matched MeSH terms: Equipment Design
  9. Modification of Aortic Cannula With an Inlet Chamber to Induce Spiral Flow and Improve Outlet Flow
    Darlis N, Osman K, Padzillah MH, Dillon J, Md Khudzari AZ
    Artif Organs, 2018 May;42(5):493-499.
    PMID: 29280161 DOI: 10.1111/aor.13021
    Physiologically, blood ejected from the left ventricle in systole exhibited spiral flow characteristics. This spiral flow has been proven to have several advantages such as lateral reduction of directed forces and thrombus formation, while it also appears to be clinically beneficial in suppressing neurological complications. In order to deliver spiral flow characteristics during cardiopulmonary bypass operation, several modifications have been made on an aortic cannula either at the internal or at the outflow tip; these modifications have proven to yield better hemodynamic performances compared to standard cannula. However, there is no modification done at the inlet part of the aortic cannula for inducing spiral flow so far. This study was carried out by attaching a spiral inducer at the inlet of an aortic cannula. Then, the hemodynamic performances of the new cannula were compared with the standard straight tip end-hole cannula. This is achieved by modeling the cannula and attaching the cannula at a patient-specific aorta model. Numerical approach was utilized to evaluate the hemodynamic performance, and a water jet impact experiment was used to demonstrate the jet force generated by the cannula. The new spiral flow aortic cannula has shown some improvements by reducing approximately 21% of impinging velocity near to the aortic wall, and more than 58% reduction on total force generated as compared to standard cannula.
    Matched MeSH terms: Equipment Design
  10. Comparison of Icare Rebound Tonometer and Perkins Applanation Tonometer in Community Eye Screening
    Ting SL, Lim LT, Ooi CY, Rahman MM
    Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila), 2019;8(3):229-232.
    PMID: 31165604 DOI: 10.22608/APO.2018433
    PURPOSE: To compare the measurement of intraocular pressure (IOP) of Icare rebound tonometer and Perkins applanation tonometer (PAT) during community eye screening and to assess the agreement between these 2 instruments.

    DESIGN: A cross-sectional, non-interventional study.

    METHODS: The IOP measurements by handheld Icare rebound tonometer (Finland) were first performed by a primary care physician. Then the IOP was measured using Perkins Mk3 applanation tonometer (Haag-Streit, UK) by an ophthalmologist who was masked to previous readings from the Icare rebound tonometer. The mean IOP measured by each tonometer was compared. Pearson correlation coefficient was used to explore the correlation between the IOP measurements of the 2 instruments. The level of agreement between them was assessed using the Bland and Altman method.

    RESULTS: A total of 420 left eyes were examined. The mean age of subjects was 38.6 ± 18.2 years. Approximately 67% of subjects were female. The mean IOP was 16.3 ± 4.0 mm Hg using Icare and 13.4 ± 2.3 mm Hg using PAT. Pearson correlation coefficient showed a moderate positive correlation between the 2 methods (r = +0.524, P < 0.001). Linear regression analysis revealed a slope of 0.28 with R² of 0.255. The mean difference between the 2 methods was 2.90 ± 3.5 mm Hg and the sample t-test revealed a statistically significant mean difference from 0 (P < 0.001). The 95% limits of agreement between the 2 methods were between -9.73 and 3.93 mm Hg.

    CONCLUSIONS: The handheld Icare rebound tonometer is a reasonably acceptable screening tool in community practices. However, Icare overestimated IOP with a mean of 2.90 mm Hg higher than the PAT. Thus, using Goldmann applanation tonometer as a confirmatory measurement tool of IOP is suggested.

    Matched MeSH terms: Equipment Design
  11. Fulltext Acceptance of the Accuhaler, a multi-dose powder inhaler, among asthmatic patients: a comparison with the pressurized metered-dose inhaler
    Liam CK, Lim KH, Wong CM
    Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol, 2000 Sep;18(3):135-40.
    PMID: 11270467
    This study aimed to evaluate dry powder inhaler naive asthmatic patients' perception and preference of the Accuhaler, a multidose dry powder inhaler and the pressurized metered dose inhaler (pMDI). After the first instruction, 66.7% of 48 patients enrolled in the study could demonstrate the correct use of the Accuhaler. When the patients were asked to compare the pMDI and the Accuhaler after using the Accuhaler to administer salmeterol for 4 weeks, the Accuhaler scored significantly better than the pMDI for the following features: knowing how many doses are left, presence of an attached cover, taste, instruction for use, attractiveness, ease of use, ease of holding, shape, and comfortable mouthpiece. The pMDI scored better to the Accuhaler in terms of size. More patients preferred the Accuhaler than the pMDI; the presence of a dose counter and perceived ease of use were the main reasons cited for their preference for the Accuhaler.
    Study site: Asthma Clinic, University of Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
    Matched MeSH terms: Equipment Design
  12. Bilateral central vein stenosis in a dialysis patient with a pacemaker
    Yew KL, Anderson S, Farah R, Lim SH
    Asian Cardiovasc Thorac Ann, 2014 Oct;22(8):979-80.
    PMID: 24887840 DOI: 10.1177/0218492313491583
    Central vein stenosis is not uncommon in hemodialysis-dependent patients as a result of mechanical damage to the vessel walls from prior cannulation. It can cause ipsilateral upper limb swelling and pain, resulting in suboptimal hemodialysis. It is unfortunate for bilateral central vein stenosis to develop concomitantly, and rare in the setting of an in-situ pacemaker. This case illustrates the successful ligation of a nondependent left arteriovenous fistula and stenting of the right subclavian vein with functioning ipsilateral arteriovenous fistula, to overcome the problem of symptomatic bilateral upper limb swelling.
    Matched MeSH terms: Equipment Design
  13. Integrated modeling and design for realizing a two-wheeled wheelchair for disabled
    Altalmas T, Aula A, Ahmad S, Tokhi MO, Akmeliawati R
    Assist Technol, 2016;28(3):159-74.
    PMID: 27187763 DOI: 10.1080/10400435.2016.1140688
    Two-wheeled wheelchairs are considered highly nonlinear and complex systems. The systems mimic a double-inverted pendulum scenario and will provide better maneuverability in confined spaces and also to reach higher level of height for pick and place tasks. The challenge resides in modeling and control of the two-wheeled wheelchair to perform comparably to a normal four-wheeled wheelchair. Most common modeling techniques have been accomplished by researchers utilizing the basic Newton's Laws of motion and some have used 3D tools to model the system where the models are much more theoretical and quite far from the practical implementation. This article is aimed at closing the gap between the conventional mathematical modeling approaches where the integrated 3D modeling approach with validation on the actual hardware implementation was conducted. To achieve this, both nonlinear and a linearized model in terms of state space model were obtained from the mathematical model of the system for analysis and, thereafter, a 3D virtual prototype of the wheelchair was developed, simulated, and analyzed. This has increased the confidence level for the proposed platform and facilitated the actual hardware implementation of the two-wheeled wheelchair. Results show that the prototype developed and tested has successfully worked within the specific requirements established.
    Matched MeSH terms: Equipment Design/methods*
  14. Modeling and Simulation of Two Wheelchair Accessories for Pushing Doors
    Abdullah SJ, Shaikh Mohammed J
    Assist Technol, 2018;30(4):165-175.
    PMID: 28346064 DOI: 10.1080/10400435.2017.1293193
    Independent mobility is vital to individuals of all ages, and wheelchairs have proven to be great personal mobility devices. The tasks of opening and navigating through a door are trivial for healthy people, while the same tasks could be difficult for some wheelchair users. A wide range of intelligent wheelchair controllers and systems, robotic arms, or manipulator attachments integrated with wheelchairs have been developed for various applications, including manipulating door knobs. Unfortunately, the intelligent wheelchairs and robotic attachments are not widely available as commercial products. Therefore, the current manuscript presents the modeling and simulation of a novel but simple technology in the form of a passive wheelchair accessory (straight, arm-like with a single wheel, and arc-shaped with multiple wheels) for pushing doors open from a wheelchair. From the simulations using different wheel shapes and sizes, it was found that the arc-shaped accessory could push open the doors faster and with almost half the required force as compared to the arm-like accessory. Also, smaller spherical wheels were found to be best in terms of reaction forces on the wheels. Prototypes based on the arc-shaped accessory design will be manufactured and evaluated for pushing doors open and dodging or gliding other obstacles.
    Matched MeSH terms: Equipment Design/methods*
  15. The characteristics of Fuji IP Cassette Type PII and application for radiation oncology quality assurance tests and portal imaging
    Soh HS, Ung NM, Ng KH
    Australas Phys Eng Sci Med, 2008 Jun;31(2):146-50.
    PMID: 18697706
    The advancement of digital imaging has prompted more medical institutions to go filmless. The computed radiography (CR) system is becoming an important tool not only in diagnostic imaging, but also in radiation oncology. A new CR system that was specially designed for the use in radiation oncology, Fuji IP cassette type PII has been introduced to the market in the middle of year 2006. This project aimed to study some basic physical characteristics of this new type of cassette and explore its application for performing quality assurance (QA) tests and portal imaging in radiotherapy. All the images were read by FCR 5000 Plus reader. The image was found to reach its saturation value of 1023 (due to the image was stored in 10 bits data) by depending on the sensitivity value being adjusted. The uniformity test gave the result of 0.12%. The cassette was used to perform the QA tests which were previously performed using film. All the results met the specification as stated in AAPM Task Group 40. The comparison for the portal images of PortalVision contrast-detail phantom showed that the spatial resolution of the images obtained by CR system (Fujifilm Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) were better than the EPID (Varian Medical Systems, Inc., Palo Alto, USA) and film system (Eastman Kodak Co., New York, USA). The IP cassette type PII was found to be suitable as an alternative QA test tool and portal imaging in radiotherapy.
    Matched MeSH terms: Equipment Design
  16. An indicator device for monitoring of room illuminance level in the radiological image viewing environment
    Azlan CA, Ng KH, Anandan S, Nizam MS
    Australas Phys Eng Sci Med, 2006 Sep;29(3):278-80.
    PMID: 17058591
    Illuminance level in the softcopy image viewing room is a very important factor to optimize productivity in radiological diagnosis. In today's radiological environment, the illuminance measurements are normally done during the quality control procedure and performed annually. Although the room is equipped with dimmer switches, radiologists are not able to decide the level of illuminance according to the standards. The aim of this study is to develop a simple real-time illuminance detector system to assist the radiologists in deciding an adequate illuminance level during radiological image viewing. The system indicates illuminance in a very simple visual form by using light emitting diodes. By employing the device in the viewing room, illuminance level can be monitored and adjusted effectively.
    Matched MeSH terms: Equipment Design
  17. A simplified approach for exit dose in vivo measurements in radiotherapy and its clinical application
    Banjade DP, Shrestha SL, Shukri A, Tajuddin AA, Bhat M
    Australas Phys Eng Sci Med, 2002 Sep;25(3):110-8.
    PMID: 12416587
    This is a study using LiF:Mg;Ti thermoluminescent dosimeter (TLD) rods in phantoms to investigate the effect of lack of backscatter on exit dose. Comparing the measured dose with anticipated dose calculated using tissue maximum ratio (TMR) or percentage depth dose (PDD) gives rise to a correction factor. This correction factor may be applied to in-vivo dosimetry results to derive true dose to a point within the patient. Measurements in a specially designed humanoid breast phantom as well as patients undergoing radiotherapy treatment were also been done. TLDs with reproducibility of within +/- 3% (1 SD) are irradiated in a series of measurements for 6 and 10 MV photon beams from a medical linear accelerator. The measured exit doses for the different phantom thickness for 6 MV beams are found to be lowered by 10.9 to 14.0% compared to the dose derived from theoretical estimation (normalized dose at dmax). The same measurements for 10 MV beams are lowered by 9.0 to 13.5%. The variations of measured exit dose for different field sizes are found to be within 2.5%. The exit doses with added backscatter material from 2 mm up to 15 cm, shows gradual increase and the saturated values agreed within 1.5% with the expected results for both beams. The measured exit doses in humanoid breast phantom as well as in the clinical trial on patients undergoing radiotherapy also agreed with the predicted results based on phantom measurements. The authors' viewpoint is that this technique provides sufficient information to design exit surface bolus to restore build down effect in cases where part of the exit surface is being considered as a target volume. It indicates that the technique could be translated for in vivo dose measurements, which may be a conspicuous step of quality assurance in clinical practice.
    Matched MeSH terms: Equipment Design
  18. Fulltext A comparative study on the accuracy of noninvasive thermometers
    Fadzil FM, Choon D, Arumugam K
    Aust Fam Physician, 2010 Apr;39(4):237-9.
    PMID: 20372685
    This study assessed the concordance of the temperatures of the digital, liquid crystal forehead and digital infrared tympanic thermometers with the mercury in glass thermometer.
    Matched MeSH terms: Equipment Design*
  19. Fulltext Clinical performance of the LMA Protector™ airway in moderately obese patients
    Shariffuddin II, Chaw SH, Ng LW, Lim CH, Zainal Abidin MF, Wan Zakaria WA, et al.
    BMC Anesthesiol, 2020 07 31;20(1):184.
    PMID: 32736516 DOI: 10.1186/s12871-020-01100-z
    BACKGROUND: The 4th National Audit Project of The Royal College of Anaesthetists and The Difficult Airway Society (NAP4) reported a higher incidence of supraglottic airway device (SAD) related pulmonary aspiration in obese patients especially with the first-generation SADs. The latest single-use SAD, the Protector™ provides a functional separation of the respiratory and digestive tracts and its laryngeal cuff with two ports allowing additional suction in tandem with the insertion of a gastric tube. The laryngeal cuff of LMA Protector™ allows a large catchment reservoir in the event of gastric content aspiration.

    METHODS: We evaluated the performance characteristics of the LMA Protector™ in 30 unparalysed, moderately obese patients. First attempt insertion rate, time for insertion, oropharyngeal leak pressure (OLP), and incidence of complications were recorded.

    RESULTS: We found high first and second attempt insertion rates of 28(93%) and 1(33%) respectively, with one failed attempt where no capnography trace could be detected, presumably from a downfolded device tip. The LMA Protector™ was inserted rapidly in 21.0(4.0) seconds and demonstrated high OLP of 31.8(5.4) cmH2O. Fibreoptic assessment showed a clear view of vocal cords in 93%. The incidence of blood staining on removal of device was 48%, postoperative sore throat 27%, dysphagia 10% and dysphonia 20% (all self-limiting, resolving a few hours postoperatively).

    CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that the LMA Protector™ was associated with easy, expedient first attempt insertion success, demonstrating high oropharyngeal pressures and good anatomical position in the moderately obese population, with relatively low postoperative airway morbidity.

    TRIAL REGISTRATION: Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry, ACTRN12617001152314 . Registered 7 August 2017.

    Matched MeSH terms: Equipment Design
  20. Fulltext Influence of scaler tip design on root surface roughness, tooth substance loss and patients' pain perception: an in vitro and a randomised clinical trial
    Abdul Hayei NA, Yahya NA, Safii SH, Saub R, Vaithilingam RD, Baharuddin NA
    BMC Oral Health, 2021 03 31;21(1):169.
    PMID: 33789646 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-01540-0
    BACKGROUND: The influence of scaler tip design on root surface roughness, tooth substance loss and patients' pain perception is investigated.

    METHODS: This article was divided into the following parts: Part 1 Surface roughness and substance loss: an in vitro study, which involves intact extracted teeth sectioned and treated using a piezoelectric ultrasonic device (PM200 EMS Piezon, Switzerland) with a conventional scaler tip (FS-407) and a Perio Slim (PS) scaler tip (Perio Slim DS-016A). All sectioned samples for tooth surface roughness (n = 20) and tooth substance loss (n = 46) analyses were measured and compared using a 3D surface texture analyser and scanning electron microscope (SEM) respectively, at baseline and following scaling. Part 2 Pain Perception: a clinical study, which was a split mouth study design including 30 participants with gingivitis and/or mild chronic periodontitis; treated with supra-gingival scaling from teeth #13 to #23. Subjects were randomised to group A or group B. Group A was treated first with PS scaler tips, whereas group B was treated first with conventional scaler tips. Pain perception was recorded using the visual analogue scale (VAS).

    RESULTS: In vitro study: both scaler tips caused significant reduction in root substance roughness after scaling (p  0.05) was observed. The PS scaler tip caused statistically significantly less root substance loss (p design causes less tooth substance loss compared to a wider scaler tip design. In the clinical study, less pain was observed compared than a wide (conventional) scaler tip design.

    Matched MeSH terms: Equipment Design
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