Displaying publications 21 - 40 of 54 in total

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  1. Fulltext Predominance and emergence of clones of hospital-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Malaysia
    Ghaznavi-Rad E, Nor Shamsudin M, Sekawi Z, Khoon LY, Aziz MN, Hamat RA, et al.
    J Clin Microbiol, 2010 Mar;48(3):867-72.
    PMID: 20089756 DOI: 10.1128/JCM.01112-09
    We define the epidemiology of predominant and sporadic methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains in a central teaching and referral hospital in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. This is done on the basis of spa sequencing, multilocus sequence typing (MLST), staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) typing, and virulence gene profiling. During the period of study, the MRSA prevalence was 44.1%, and 389 MRSA strains were included. The prevalence of MRSA was found to be significantly higher in the patients of Indian ethnicity (P < 0.001). The majority (92.5%) of the isolates belonged to ST-239, spa type t037, and possessed the type III or IIIA SCCmec. The arginine catabolic mobile element (ACME) arcA gene was detected in three (1.05%) ST-239 isolates. We report the first identification of ACME arcA gene-positive ST-239. Apart from this predominant clone, six (1.5%) isolates of ST-22, with two related spa types (t032 and t4184) and a singleton (t3213), carrying type IVh SCCmec, were detected for the first time in Asia. A limited number of community-acquired (CA) MRSA strains were also detected. These included ST-188/t189 (2.1%), ST-1/t127 (2.3%), and ST-7/t091 (1%). Panton-Valentin leukocidin (PVL) was detected in all ST-1 and ST-188 strains and in 0.7% of the ST-239 isolates. The majority of the isolates carried agr I, except that ST-1 strains were agr III positive. Virulence genes seg and sei were seen only among ST-22 isolates. In conclusion, current results revealed the predominance of ST-239-SCCmec III/IIIA and the penetration of ST-22 with different virulence gene profiles. The emergence in Malaysia of novel clones of known epidemic and pathogenic potential should be taken seriously.
    Matched MeSH terms: Staphylococcal Infections/epidemiology*
  2. Increased vancomycin minimum inhibitory concentration among Staphylococcus aureus isolates in Malaysia
    Ahmad N, Nawi S, Rajasekaran G, Maning N, Aziz MN, Husin A, et al.
    J Med Microbiol, 2010 Dec;59(Pt 12):1530-1532.
    PMID: 20724515 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.022079-0
    Matched MeSH terms: Staphylococcal Infections/epidemiology
  3. Fulltext Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolated from dogs and cats at University Veterinary Hospital, Universiti Putra Malaysia
    Aklilu E, Zunita Z, Hassan L, Chen HC
    Trop Biomed, 2010 Dec;27(3):483-92.
    PMID: 21399590
    Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is known to cause nosocomial infections and is now becoming an emerging problem in veterinary medicine. The objective of the study was to determine the presence of MRSA in 100 cats and dogs sampled between November 2007 and April 2008 at the University Veterinary Hospital, Universiti Putra Malaysia. MRSA was detected in 8% of pets sampled. Ten percent (5/50) and 6% (3/50) of the isolates were from dogs and cats, respectively. All MRSA isolates possessed the mecA gene and were found to be resistant to at least three antimicrobials with a minimum of Oxacillin MIC of 8 μg/mL. One isolate (CT04) had an extremely high MIC of >256 μg/mL. The MLST type ST59 found in this study have been reported earlier from Singapore and other countries as a strain from animal and community-associated MRSA respectively. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis revealed five pulsotypes. Two isolates from cats (CT27 and CT33) and three isolates from dogs (DG16, DG20, and DG49) were respectively assigned to pulsotypes B and D. The study suggests that cats and dogs in Malaysia are potential reservoirs for MRSA.
    Matched MeSH terms: Staphylococcal Infections/epidemiology
  4. Fulltext Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus nosocomial infection trends in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia during 2002-2007
    Al-Talib HI, Yean CY, Al-Jashamy K, Hasan H
    Ann Saudi Med, 2010 Sep-Oct;30(5):358-63.
    PMID: 20697171 DOI: 10.4103/0256-4947.67077
    Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a major nosocomial pathogen that causes severe morbidity and mortality in many hospitals worldwide. The aim of the present study was to assess the burden of MRSA nosocomial infection, its association with factors of interest, and its antimicrobial susceptibility.
    Matched MeSH terms: Staphylococcal Infections/epidemiology*
  5. Prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and its antibiotic susceptibility pattern in a tertiary care hospital
    Tiwari S, Sahu M, Rautaraya B, Karuna T, Mishra SR, Bhattacharya S
    J Indian Med Assoc, 2011 Nov;109(11):800-1.
    PMID: 22666934
    Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) emerged as a nosocomial pathogen in early 1960s, causing Increasing number of outbreaks in 19708, first reported in a teaching hospital in Malaysia in 1972, causing increased mortality, morbidity, and healthcare costs. Aim of this study is to screen out MRSA from various clinical samples and to see their antibiotic susceptibility pattern. From May 2008 to May 2009, 204 S aureus strains were isolated, out of which 114 (55.8%) were MRSA, and rest methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA). Most of the MRSA strains were obtained from pus (45%) followed by urine (20.5%). Frequency of isolating MRSA were maximum in catheter tip (80%) followed by blood (66.7%) and pus (58.7%). MRSA strains were showing 100% sensitivity to vancomycin and Iinezolid, whereas 92.9% to teicoplanin. Therefore it is concluded that antibiotics other than vancomycin can be used as anti-MRSA agents after sensitivity test, as well as irrational and indiscriminate use of antibiotics can be avoided.
    Matched MeSH terms: Staphylococcal Infections/epidemiology*
  6. mec-associated dru typing in the epidemiological analysis of ST239 MRSA in Malaysia
    Ghaznavi-Rad E, Goering RV, Nor Shamsudin M, Weng PL, Sekawi Z, Tavakol M, et al.
    Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis, 2011 Nov;30(11):1365-9.
    PMID: 21479532 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-011-1230-1
    The usefulness of mec-associated dru typing in the epidemiological analysis of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolated in Malaysia was investigated and compared with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), multilocus sequence typing (MLST), and spa and SCCmec typing. The isolates studied included all MRSA types in Malaysia. Multilocus sequence type ST188 and ST1 isolates were highly clonal by all typing methods. However, the dru typing of ST239 isolates produced the clearest discrimination between SCCmec IIIa and III isolates, yielding more subtypes than any other method. Evaluation of the discriminatory power for each method identified dru typing and PFGE as the most discriminatory, with Simpson's index of diversity (SID) values over 89%, including an isolate which was non-typeable by spa, but dru-typed as dt13j. The discriminatory ability of dru typing, especially with closely related MRSA ST239 strains (e.g., Brazilian and Hungarian), underscores its utility as a tool for the epidemiological investigation of MRSA.
    Matched MeSH terms: Staphylococcal Infections/epidemiology
  7. Fulltext Investigation of toxin genes among methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from a tertiary hospital in Malaysia
    Lim KT, Hanifah YA, Mohd Yusof MY, Thong KL
    Trop Biomed, 2012 Jun;29(2):212-9.
    PMID: 22735842 MyJurnal
    Staphylococcus aureus is a persistent human pathogen responsible for a variety of infections ranging from soft-tissue infections to bacteremia. It produces a variety of virulence factors which are responsible for specific acute staphylococcal toxaemia syndromes. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of a repertoire of toxin genes among Malaysian MRSA strains and their genetic diversity by PCR-RFLP of coa gene. One hundred eighty-eight strains (2003, 2004, 2007 and 2008) of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) were screened for 20 genes encoding for extracellular virulence determinant (sea, seb, sec, sed, see, seg, seh, sei, sej, tst, eta, etb, etd) and adhesins (cna, etb, fnbA, fnbB, hlg, ica, sdrE). The genetic relatedness of these strains was determined by PCR-RFLP of coa gene and agr grouping. Majority of the strains were tested positive for efb and fnbA (96% each), ica (78%) and hlg (59%) genes. A total of 101 strains were positive for at least one type of staphylococcal enterotoxin genes with sea being the predominant. Genes for seb, sed, see, seh, sej, eta and etb were not detected in any of the MRSA strains. The prevalence of sea, sec and ica among strains isolated in 2008 was increased significantly (p< 0.05) compared to 2003. Most of the strains were of agr type I (97.5%) followed by agr type II (1.2%) and agr type III (0.6%). All sea, sei and tst gene-positive strains were of agr type I. The only etd positive strain was agr type III. PCR-RFLP of coa produced 47 different patterns. The number of strains with virulence factors (sea, sec and ica) had increased over the years. No direct correlation between PCR-RFLP- coa profiles and virulotypes was observed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Staphylococcal Infections/epidemiology*
  8. High prevalence of qacA/B carriage among clinical isolates of meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Malaysia
    Shamsudin MN, Alreshidi MA, Hamat RA, Alshrari AS, Atshan SS, Neela V
    J Hosp Infect, 2012 Jul;81(3):206-8.
    PMID: 22633074 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2012.04.015
    The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 60 meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates from Malaysia to three antiseptic agents - benzalkonium chloride (BZT), benzethonium chloride (BAC) and chlorhexidine digluconate (CHG) - were determined. All isolates had MICs ranging from 0.5 to 2 mg/L. Antiseptic resistance genes qacA/B and smr were detected in 83.3% and 1.6% of the isolates, respectively. Carriage of qacA/B correlated with reduced susceptibility to CHG and BAC. This is the first report of the prevalence of qacA/B and smr gene carriage in Malaysian MRSA isolates, with a high frequency of qacA/B carriage. The presence of these antiseptic resistance genes and associated reduced susceptibility to antiseptic agents may have clinical implications.
    Matched MeSH terms: Staphylococcal Infections/epidemiology*
  9. Fulltext Methicillin sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) isolates as a potential source for the emergence of USA 300 methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in Malaysia
    Ghasemzadeh-Moghaddam H, Neela V, Goering R, Mariana NS
    Trop Biomed, 2012 Sep;29(3):429-33.
    PMID: 23018506
    We investigated the potential of USA300 MRSA emergence in Malaysia by examining 268 MSSA isolates from both community (110) and healthcare (158) settings. Nine isolates from both the environments were similar to the USA300 MRSA background based on MLST, spa and PFGE type. These results underscore the importance of continued surveillance to monitor the emergence of USA300 MRSA in Malaysia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Staphylococcal Infections/epidemiology
  10. Temporal changes in the genotypes of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from a tertiary Malaysian hospital based on MLST, spa, and mec-associated dru typing
    Lim KT, Hanifah YA, Yusof MY, Goering RV, Thong KL
    Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis, 2012 Oct;74(2):106-12.
    PMID: 22770652 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2012.05.033
    Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the main bacterial pathogens responsible for nosocomial infections leading to pneumonia, bloodstream, skin, and soft tissue infections. The objective of this study was to investigate the genomic changes of MRSA in a tertiary hospital between the years 2003, 2004, 2007, and 2008. One hundred fifty-four MRSA strains were characterized by multilocus sequence typing (MLST), spa, and mec-associated dru typing. Among the 154 strains, 29 different dru, 15 spa, and 8 MLST types were identified. Seven sequence types (STs) (ST239, ST22, ST5, ST6, ST80, ST573, and ST241) were identified among 2007-08 strains, although only 2 STs (ST239 and ST20) were observed among 2003 strains. Clones ST239-t037-dt13g, ST22-t032-(dt10a and dt10aw), and 28 other MRSA clones being introduced in 2007-2008 have replaced the ST239-t037 (dt13d, 14h, 13i, 13l, 13m, 15m, 15l, and 11al) clones present in 2003. The predominant MLST clone, ST239 (90.3%), was further distinguished into 7 different spa types and 26 different dru types, including 17 novel dru types. Maximum parsimony tree based on dru repeats revealed that 10 dru types (dt11am, dt13j, dt15n, dt13q, dt13n, dt13p, dt13f, dt13ao, dt12j, dt7v) shared the same MLST-spa types with dt13d, suggesting that these MRSA clones might have evolved from ST239-t037-dt13d. In conclusion, our data showed that the ST239-t037-dt13d clone and other MRSA clones in 2003 were replaced by ST239-t037-dt13g and other new emerging spa and dru types.
    Matched MeSH terms: Staphylococcal Infections/epidemiology*
  11. Diversity in the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clones
    Ghaznavi-Rad E, Neela V, Nor Shamsudin M, Ghasemzadeh Moghaddam H, Tavakol M, van Belkum A, et al.
    Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis, 2012 Dec;31(12):3317-21.
    PMID: 23010901 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-012-1698-3
    Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is well known for its epidemicity, with the emergence of new clones on a daily basis. Diversity in the clonal types of MRSA challenges the success of treatment, as different clones respond to different sets of antibiotics. However, the antibiotic susceptibility among the isolates within the same clones is largely unexplored. In a previous study on MRSA epidemiology in Malaysia, we identified six major clonal complexes (ST-239-CC8, ST-1-CC1, ST-188-CC1, ST-22-CC22, ST-7-CC7 and ST-1283-CC8). In the present study, we investigated the antibiotic susceptibility patterns of isolates of different clones. Three hundred and eighty-nine MRSA isolates were subjected to the disc diffusion test, oxacillin minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) determination and assessment of the distribution of macrolide, lincosamide and streptogramin B (MLS(B)) resistance genes. Thirty-six different antibiotic profiles were observed: 30 (83.3 %) among ST-239, 2 (5.6 %) among ST-1283 and 1 (2.8 %) each for ST-1, ST-7, ST-22 and ST-188. All ST-239 (362, 9 %) isolates were multiple drug-resistant (MDR; resistant to more than three classes of antibiotics) and had oxacillin MICs >256 mg/l. Among the 385 clindamycin-resistant isolates, 375 (96.4 %) illustrated inducible resistance (D-zone-positive), while 10 (2.6 %) showed constitutive resistance. The vast majority of the macrolide-resistant isolates carried the ermA gene (95.1 %), followed by ermC (12.9 %). Diversity in the antibiotic susceptibilities of isolates within the clones emphasises the need for continuous surveillance of MDR strains to prescribe the correct antibiotic rather than empirical treatment. This will likely reduce the emergence of new endemic or epidemic resistant MRSA clones.
    Matched MeSH terms: Staphylococcal Infections/epidemiology
  12. Fulltext Clonal distribution and possible microevolution of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains in a teaching hospital in Malaysia
    Tan XE, Neoh HM, Hussin S, Zin NM
    Asian Pac J Trop Biomed, 2013 Mar;3(3):224-8.
    PMID: 23620843 DOI: 10.1016/S2221-1691(13)60055-6
    OBJECTIVE: To genotypically characterize methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains isolated from medical and surgical wards in Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre (UKMMC) in 2009.

    METHODS: MRSA strains were collected and molecularly typed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE).

    RESULTS: PFGE typing on 180 MRSA isolated in UKMMC identified 5 pulsotypes (A-E) and 6 singletons, where pulsotypes B and C were suspected to be divergent clones originating from a single ancestor. This study also showed that most MRSA strains were isolated from swab (119 isolates), followed by blood (22 isolates), tracheal aspirate (11 isolates) and sputum (10 isolates). On the other hand, urine and bone isolates were less, which were 4 and 1 isolates, respectively. The distribution of different pulsotypes of MRSA among wards suggested that MRSA was communicated in surgical and medical wards in UKMMC, with pulsotype B MRSA as the dominant strain. Besides, it was found that most deceased patients were infected by pulsotype B MRSA, however, no particular pulsotype could be associated with patient age, underlying disease, or ward of admittance.

    CONCLUSIONS: Five pulsotypes of MRSA and 6 singletons were identified, with pulsotype B MRSA as the endemic strains circulating in these wards, which is useful in establishment of preventive measures against MRSA transmission.

    Matched MeSH terms: Staphylococcal Infections/epidemiology*
  13. Fulltext The significance of coagulase-negative staphylococci bacteremia in a low resource setting
    Abdul Rahman Z, Hamzah SH, Hassan SA, Osman S, Md Noor SS
    J Infect Dev Ctries, 2013 Jun;7(6):448-52.
    PMID: 23771288 DOI: 10.3855/jidc.2535
    INTRODUCTION: Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) are a group of micro-organisms that are increasingly implicated as a cause of significant infection and the leading cause of bloodstream infection (BSI). One important predictor of true BSI is the isolation of CoNS from multiple blood cultures, presuming that the isolates represent the same species. Thus the objective of this study was to determine the significance of repeated CoNS isolated from blood cultures.
    METHODOLOGY: This was a prospective laboratory study which was initiated in June 2007 and lasted until July 2008. CoNS isolates were obtained from patients who had two positive blood cultures within a 14-day interval. CoNS were identified to the species level using an API-Staph, and antibiotics susceptibility testing was performed according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute specifications. Strain relatedness was confirmed using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis.
    RESULTS: During the study period, 202 CoNS-positive samples were isolated from 101 patients. The most common species isolated was Staphylococcus epidermidis (59.0%), and 83.2% of the patients isolated the same species of CoNS from repeated blood cultures. Among the isolates of the same species, only 40.7% had the same antibiogram. CoNS with the same species and antibiogram had 93.3% probability of belonging to the same strain. Most (65.5%) of the patients were treated with antibiotics, primarily from the glycopeptides group.
    CONCLUSION: Speciation and antibiogram of CoNS from repeated blood cultures are adequate in determining the significance of repeated CoNS isolated from blood cultures.
    Matched MeSH terms: Staphylococcal Infections/epidemiology*
  14. Fulltext Comparison of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated in 2003 and 2008 with an emergence of multidrug resistant ST22: SCCmec IV clone in a tertiary hospital, Malaysia
    Lim KT, Hanifah YA, Mohd Yusof MY, Ito T, Thong KL
    J Microbiol Immunol Infect, 2013 Jun;46(3):224-33.
    PMID: 23523045 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2013.02.001
    Infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) continue to be a problem for clinicians worldwide. The objective of this study was to determine the changes in antibiograms of MRSA and their genotypic characteristics.
    Matched MeSH terms: Staphylococcal Infections/epidemiology
  15. Molecular epidemiology of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) among veterinary students and personnel at a veterinary hospital in Malaysia
    Aklilu E, Zunita Z, Hassan L, Cheng CH
    Vet Microbiol, 2013 Jun 28;164(3-4):352-8.
    PMID: 23523336 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2013.02.030
    In this study, we report the molecular epidemiology of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) among veterinary students and personnel in Malaysia. Nasal and oral swabs were collected from 103 veterinary medicine students and 28 personnel from a veterinary hospital. Antibiotic sensitivity test (AST), minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) test, and PCR amplifications of nucA and mecA gene were performed. Molecular characterization of the isolates was conducted using multilocus sequence typing (MLST), staphylococcal protein A gene (spa) typing, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Results from MLST show the presence of the pandemic and widespread MRSA clones, ST5 and ST59. Spa gene typing revealed spa type t267 which has a wide geographical distribution. A new spa type, t5697 was found in this study. Fingerprint analysis by using PFGE show heterogeneity of the isolates. These findings affirm the importance of MRSA in veterinary settings and underscore the need for further extensive research to devise contextual control and prevention strategies.
    Matched MeSH terms: Staphylococcal Infections/epidemiology*
  16. Fulltext Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage among patients and healthcare workers in a hospital in Kelantan, Malaysia
    Al-Talib H, Yean CY, Hasan H, Nik Zuraina NM, Ravichandran M
    Pol J Microbiol, 2013;62(1):109-12.
    PMID: 23829087
    Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage is a common source of nosocomial infection and colonization. The aim of the present study was to assess the burden of methicillin-resistant S. aureus nasal carriage, its association with factors of interest including its genetic relationships. The prevalence of S. aureus nasal carriage was found to be 28.7%. This study showed that patients with a history of previous antibiotic intake, nasogastric tube, and longer hospitalization had a significantly high risk of being MRSA nasal carriers. The genetic relationship of all 34 nasal MRSA isolates revealed four major clusters of isolates, and there was a relationship between MRSA isolated from inpatients and healthcare workers.
    Matched MeSH terms: Staphylococcal Infections/epidemiology*
  17. Mutations in rpoB and fusA cause resistance to rifampicin and fusidic acid in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains from a tertiary hospital in Malaysia
    Lim KT, Teh CS, Yusof MY, Thong KL
    Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg, 2014 Feb;108(2):112-8.
    PMID: 24336696 DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/trt111
    The prevalence of resistance to rifampicin and fusidic acid among Malaysian strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is increasing. This study aimed to determine the mechanisms of rifampicin and fusidic acid resistance and the genetic diversity of MRSA strains from a Malaysian tertiary hospital.
    Matched MeSH terms: Staphylococcal Infections/epidemiology
  18. Fulltext Emergence of SCCmec type III with variable antimicrobial resistance profiles and spa types among methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from healthcare- and community-acquired infections in the west of Iran
    Mohammadi S, Sekawi Z, Monjezi A, Maleki MH, Soroush S, Sadeghifard N, et al.
    Int J Infect Dis, 2014 Aug;25:152-8.
    PMID: 24909489 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2014.02.018
    Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a pathogen of public health importance. The prevalence of MRSA and its antimicrobial resistance pattern, as well as SCCmec and spa types, remain unclear both in the community and in the hospitals of the western region of Iran.
    Matched MeSH terms: Staphylococcal Infections/epidemiology*
  19. Methicillin-susceptible and -resistant Staphylococcus aureus with high-level antiseptic and low-level mupirocin resistance in Malaysia
    Ghasemzadeh-Moghaddam H, van Belkum A, Hamat RA, van Wamel W, Neela V
    Microb Drug Resist, 2014 Oct;20(5):472-7.
    PMID: 24841796 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2013.0222
    The prevalence and spread of mupirocin and antiseptic resistance among colonizing and infectious Staphylococcus aureus were determined. S. aureus isolated from anterior nares and infection sites of patients hospitalized in the largest tertiary care referral hospital in Malaysia was investigated for mupirocin and antiseptic susceptibility testing, and for PCR detection of mupA, qacA/B, and smr genes. Twelve isolates showed resistance to mupirocin by disk diffusion, of which 10 (3.8%) harbored the mupA gene. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) ranged from 64 to 768 μg/ml for mupA positive and below 46 μg/ml for negative isolates. The mupA was more common among ST239 isolates (70%). The qacA/B was carried in 67 out of 95 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (70.5%) and 3 out of 164 methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) (1.8%), while smr was carried in 6 out of 95 MRSA (6.3%) strains. MICs ranged from 3.9 to 15.6 μg/ml for benzethonium chloride (BTC) and benzalkonium chloride (BKC), and from 10.3 to 20.7 μg/ml for chlorhexidine digluconate (CHG). Isolates with qacA/B and smr or qacA/B alone showed higher MIC (20.7 μg/ml for CHG and 15.6 μg/ml for BTC and BKC) than the isolates that lacked antiseptic resistance genes (10.3 μg/ml for CHG and 3.9 μg/ml for BTC and BKC). In 16 cases, ST239 was isolated from the infection site and the nares simultaneously, and shared identical resistance patterns (qacAB or qacAB+smr), suggesting possible endogenous infection. Spread of low-level mupirocin resistance expressing ST239 MRSA and high-level resistance expressing emerging ST1, co-existing with antiseptic-resistant genes showing elevated MICs, should be monitored for effective infection control.
    Matched MeSH terms: Staphylococcal Infections/epidemiology*
  20. Fulltext First report on the molecular epidemiology of Malaysian Staphylococcus epidermidis isolated from a university teaching hospital
    Sani NA, Sapri HF, Neoh HM, Hussin S
    BMC Res Notes, 2014;7:597.
    PMID: 25186825 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-7-597
    Staphylococcus epidermidis is a pathogen associated with nosocomial infections whose medical importance has increased due to progressively invasive medical procedures. In this study, we characterized the molecular epidemiology of S. epidermidis strains circulating in our university hospital situated in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Staphylococcal Infections/epidemiology
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