METHODS: Participants were 997 university undergraduate students, with a mean age of 21 years (SD = 1.58). The majority of the participants (80.4%) were female. Health-promoting behaviour was assessed using the 52-item HPLP-II, which measures six components of health-promoting behaviour outcomes. HPLP-II was translated into the Malay language using standard forward and backward translation procedures. Participants then completed the HPLP-II Malay version (HPLP-II-M). Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted using Mplus 8.0 software on the six domains of HPLP-II-M model.
RESULTS: The CFA result based on the hypothesised measurement model of six factors was aligned with the original HPLP-II, except for two low loading items which were subsequently removed from the CFA analysis. The final CFA measurement model with 50 items resulted in a good fit to the data based on RMSEA and SRMR fit indices (RMSEA = 0.046, 90%CI = 0.045, 0.048, SRMR = 0.062). The construct reliabilities for the HPLP-II-M subscales were acceptable, ranging from 0.737 to 0.878.
CONCLUSION: The HPLP-II-M with six components of health-promoting behaviour outcomes and 50 items was considered valid and reliable for the present Malaysian sample.
METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted among MOs from Sarawak General Hospital and Hospital Sentosa from May 2018 to March 2020. A total of 614 participants were selected through convenient sampling. An email with a link to three sets of questionnaires via Google forms including a questionnaire on sociodemographic data and job characteristics, the World Health Organization Quality of Life-Brief version (WHOQOL-BREF) (Malay version) and the effort-reward imbalance (ERI-Q) (long version) was sent to potential participants. A total of 276 MOs completed and returned the questionnaires. Data were analysed using descriptive, simple and multiple logistic regression analysis. A P-value of less than 0.05 was taken as a statistically significant result.
RESULTS: Most MOs reported no adversity in the workplace (i.e. 29% low effort/high reward, 5.1% high effort/high reward, 6.2% low effort/low reward and 23.6% high effort/low reward). More than half of MOs (54%) reported poor general QOL and were associated with a combination of active and passive on-calls (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 5.36, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.21, 23.79). Poor QOL in the physical domain was associated with the presence of chronic illness (AOR = 23.35; 95% CI: 4.25, 128.45), active on-calls (AOR = 14.75; 95% CI: 1.16, 188.35) and a combination of active and passive on-calls (AOR = 18.25; 95% CI: 1.39, 238.98). Men had a higher risk of poor QOL in the environmental domain (AOR = 2.03; 95% CI: 1.04, 3.98). Only 23.6% of MOs reported psychosocial adversity at work (high effort/low reward). High effort/low reward was associated with poor QOL in general (AOR = 4.71; 95% CI: 1.71, 13.01), physical (AOR = 4.53; 95% CI: 2.02, 10.17), psychological (AOR = 5.95; 95% CI: 2.82, 12.58) and environmental domains (AOR = 4.21; 95% CI: 1.95, 9.08). Low effort/high reward was found to have a lower likelihood of poor QOL in the social domain (AOR = 0.13; 95% CI: 0.04, 0.44).
CONCLUSION: Higher ERI was found to be associated with poor QOL among MOs in government hospitals. Future research should focus on interventions to improve working conditions.
Methods: Data were collected from 278 male soccer players aged 13-38 years (mean [M] = 17.42 ± 4.36) with the number of competitive soccer experiences ranging from 1-28 years (M = 7.51 ± 4.23 years). Participants had at least a year of experience in the sport of soccer completed the validated passion scale, sports courage scale and demographic form.
Results: Analyses revealed that soccer players with higher levels of total courage (P < 0.001), have more experience in soccer (P = 0.011), and their soccer level being professional (P < 0.001) had a significantly higher score in harmonious passion. There was no significant difference in obsessive passion among different level of total courage (P = 0.154). However, soccer players with more experience (P = 0.011) and higher soccer level being professional (P < 0.001) demonstrated a significant higher score in obsessive passion.
Conclusion: In conclusion, soccer players with higher harmonious and obsessive passionate attributes had higher courage (except for mastery). In addition, the courageous and passionate traits of the soccer players played meaningful roles in indicating individual and performance variables.
METHOD: All participants were recruited from the Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia using a cross-sectional study design with purposive) sampling method. A total of 331 participants were recruited for the present study. Before participation in the study, they were informed that participation in the study was totally voluntary. Those who agreed to participate voluntarily were required to complete the self-administered questionnaire set, which included the processes of change, decisional balance, exercise self-efficacy, physical activity and leisure motivation, and international physical activity questionnaires. Data analysis of structural equation modeling was performed using Mplus 8.
RESULTS: From the 331 participants, most of whom were male (52%) and Malay (89.4%), with a mean age of 62.6 years (standard deviation = 10.29). The final structural equation model fit the data well based on several fit indices [Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) = 0.059, Comparative Fit Index (CFI) = 0.953, Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI) = 0.925, Standardized Root Mean Square Residual (SRMR) = 0.031]. A total of 16 significant path relationships linked between the TTM, motives for PA, and amount of PA.
CONCLUSION: The pros of decisional balance, others' expectations, and psychological condition were constructs that directly affected PA, whereas the other constructs had a significant indirect relationship with the amount of PA. A positive mindset is crucial in deciding a behavioral change toward an active lifestyle in people with T2DM.
Methods: Thirty-five nurses from various specialities were recruited from Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM). The intervention comprised a 1-day brief mindfulness-based intervention workshop and 1 h group practice session each month for 3 months together with daily follow-up via WhatsApp group. All the participants completed a self-administered sociodemographic questionnaire validated for use in a Malay population. The Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale 21 (DASS 21) and Perceived Stress Scale 10 (PSS 10) were used to measure perceived stress, anxiety and depression before the intervention, and 3 months later upon completion of the intervention.
Results: There was a statistically significant reduction in the scores for stress perception (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.06, 2.92; P = 0.04) and anxiety (95% CI: 0.06, 2.34; P = 0.04) post-intervention.
Conclusion: A brief mindfulness-based intervention was effective in reducing perceived stress and anxiety among nurses.
Method: A cross-sectional study design with a convenience sampling method using a self-administered questionnaire was carried out. University undergraduate students were approached to fill in the questionnaire, which consisted of demographic information and a POC scale. The POC scale consisted of 30 items and two main factors (i.e., cognitive and behavioural). The POC scale was translated into the Malay language using a standard procedure of forward and backward translation. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was performed, and composite reliability was computed using Mplus version 8.
Results: A total of 620 respondents with a mean age of 20 years (standard deviation = 1.15) completed the questionnaire. Most of the participants were female (74.7%) and Malay (78.2%). The initial CFA model of the POC scale did not exhibit fit based on several fit indices (comparative fit index (CFI) = 0.880, Tucker Lewis index (TLI) = 0.867, standardised root mean square residual (SRMR) = 0.075 and root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) = 0.058). Several re-specifications of the model were conducted and the modification included adding correlation between the items' residuals. The final model for the Malay version of the POC scale showed acceptable values of model fit indices (CFI = 0.922, TLI = 0.911, SRMR = 0.064 and RMSEA = 0.048). The composite reliability of both the cognitive and behavioural processes was acceptable at 0.856 and 0.752, respectively.
Conclusion: The final model presented acceptable values of the goodness of fit indices, indicating that the scale is fit and acceptable to be adopted for future study.
METHODS: This questionnaire is divided into two parts. Part A is to evaluate the clinicians' awareness towards cognitive errors in clinical decision making while Part B is to evaluate their perception towards specific cognitive errors. Content validation for both parts was first determined followed by construct validation for Part A. Construct validation for Part B was not determined as the responses were set in a dichotomous format.
RESULTS: For content validation, all items in both Part A and Part B were rated as "excellent" in terms of their relevance in clinical settings. For construct validation using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) for Part A, a two-factor model with total variance extraction of 60% was determined. Two items were deleted. Then, the EFA was repeated showing that all factor loadings are above the cut-off value of >0.5. The Cronbach's alpha for both factors are above 0.6.
CONCLUSION: The CATChES questionnaire tool is a valid questionnaire tool aimed to evaluate the awareness among clinicians toward cognitive errors in clinical decision making.
METHODS: An electronic search was performed via PubMed, SCOPUS, Google Scholar, and Cochrane from inception to June 2022. The included trials were evaluated according to the recommendations of the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews. The primary outcome assessed was the intraoperative bleeding score of the surgical field. The mean arterial pressure, duration of the surgery, amount of blood loss and surgeon's satisfaction score were assessed as the secondary outcomes. The risk of bias for each study was evaluated using the Cochrane risk of bias tool.
RESULTS: A total of 254 records were identified after removal of duplicates. Based on the title and abstract 246 records were excluded, leaving seven full texts for further consideration. Five records were excluded following full text assessment. Three trials with a total of 212 patients were selected. Hot saline irrigation was superior to control in the intraoperative bleeding score (MD - 0.51, 95% CI - 0.84 to - 0.18; P < 0.001; I2 = 72%; very low quality of evidence) and surgeon's satisfaction score (RR 0.18, 95% CI 0.09 to 0.33; P < 0.001; I2 = 0%; low quality of evidence). The duration of surgery was lengthier in control when compared to HSI (MD - 9.02, 95% CI - 11.76 to - 6.28; P < 0.001; I2 = 0; very low quality of evidence). The volume of blood loss was greater in control than HSI (MD - 56.4, 95% CI - 57.30 to - 55.51; P < 0.001; I2 = 0%; low quality of evidence). No significant difference between the two groups for the mean arterial pressure was noted (MD - 0.60, 95% CI - 2.17 to 0.97; P = 0.45; I2 = 0%; low quality of evidence).
CONCLUSIONS: The practice of intranasal HSI during ESS is favorable in controlling intraoperative bleeding and improving the surgical field quality. It increases the surgeon's satisfaction, reduces blood loss, shortens operative time and has no effect on intraoperative hemodynamic instability.
TRIAL REGISTRATION: PROSPERO registration number: CRD42019117083.
METHODS: A comprehensive literature search was conducted between January 2020 and December 2022 using online databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar by using the following keywords in combination: "COVID-19," "stress," "anxiety," "depression," and "intervention." The retrieved literature was screened and reviewed.
RESULTS: A total of 2,924 articles were retrieved using subject and keyword searches. After screening through the titles and abstracts, 18 related studies were retained. Their review revealed that: (1) most studies did not use medication to control stress and anxiety; (2) the standard methods used to reduce stress and anxiety were religion, psychological counseling, learning more about COVID-19 through the media, online mindfulness courses, improving sleep quality, and physical exercise; (3) the most effective interventions were physical activity and raising awareness about COVID-19 through the media and online mindfulness programs. However, some studies show that physical activity cannot directly relieve psychological stress and anxiety.
CONCLUSION: Limited interventions are effective, but learning more about COVID-19 and using active coping strategies may help reduce stress and anxiety. The implications of COVID-19 are also discussed.
METHOD: The study was a cross-sectional design in nature, using self-reported questionnaires among the university students in Malaysia. Participants were selected using a convenience sampling approach. Perceptions regarding social support and physical environment were assessed using the Malay-translated version scales. The standard forward-backwards translation was conducted to translate the English version of the scales to the Malay version. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to validate the translated version scales; composite reliability (CR) and average variance extracted (AVE) were computed.
RESULTS: A total of 857 students participated in this study (female: 49.1%, male: 50.9%). The mean age of the participants was 20.2 (SD = 1.6). The fit indices of the initial hypothesized measurement models (social support and physical environment) were not satisfactory. Further improvements were made by adding covariances between residuals' items within the same factor for each hypothesized model. The final re-specified measurement models demonstrated adequate factor structure for the social support scale with 24 items (CFI = .932, TLI = .920, SRMR = .054, RMSEA = .061), and the physical environment scale with five items (CFI = .994, TLI = .981, SRMR = .013, RMSEA = .054). The CR was .918 for family support, .919 for friend support, .813 for perceived availability, and .771 for perceived quality. The AVEs were .560 for family support, .547 for friend support, .554 for perceived availability, and .628 for perceived quality. The intra-class correlation (ICC) based on test-retest was .920 for family support, .984 for friend support, .895 for availability of facilities, and .774 for quality of facilities.
CONCLUSION: The Malay version of the social support scale for exercise and the physical environment scale for physical activity were shown to have adequate psychometric properties for assessing perceived social support and physical environment among the university students in Malaysia.
PERSPECTIVE: This study presented the psychometric properties of the social support and physical environment scales based on CFA and was the first to translate these scales from the original English version to the Malay version.