The paradental cyst is an odontogenic cyst occurring near to the cervical margin of the lateral aspect of a root as a consequence of an inflammatory process in a periodontal pocket. A distinct form of the paradental cyst occurs not infrequently on the buccal aspects of erupted mandibular third molar, where there is an associated history of pericoronitis. A search of the literature revealed that these cysts had all been reported in relation to partially, newly or fully erupted molars. This report presents one case in which the cyst was noticed to be associated with an unerupted third molar. The histological appearance of the cyst and the gross relationship to the cemento-enamel junction is similar to those typical of paradental cysts reported in the literature. However, the radiographic and clinical appearance of the tooth being unerupted do not tally with paradental cyst and yet exclude the diagnosis of dentigerous cyst. The diagnosis of dental follicular tissue was excluded based on the histopathological presentation. The authors suggested that this case may represent an early form of paradental cyst which in the past may have been dismissed as dental follicular residues and thus, the prevalence of paradental cyst may have been under reported in the literature.
Conventional oral squamous cell carcinomas are readily
recognized histopathologically but the presence of
additional atypical features may be challenging from
a diagnostic point of view. We present a case of a welldifferentiated
oral squamous cell carcinoma with pseudoglandular
differentiation and discuss the possible differential
diagnoses on a histopathological basis. Accurate diagnosis
is imperative for timely and appropriate intervention and
denotes distinctive prognostic implications. The presence
of perivascular and perineural infiltrations as observed in
this case would indicate the need for further post-operative
therapeutic decision-making aimed at controlling local
spread as well as distant metastases
Aim: To manufacture a clinical simulation apparatus for the undergraduates' endodontic radiography teaching Objectives: • To provide a model for teaching of parallax method using Kelly's forcep • To provide a model for undergraduates to practice radiographic localization employing parallax method. • To allow students to practice taking radiographs in a way that simulates the clinical situations with a good diagnostic quality Methods: Impressions of a dentate arch (maxillary and mandibullary) were used to form a stone cast. A section of the cast, in the area where the natural teeth were to be placed, is sectioned and removed. Three maxillary extracted teeth (canine, first and second premolar) were selected and mounted with acrylic resin at the sectioned area. The resin was cured in a light box. The arches were mounted in a phantom head with a placement of rubber cheek. The first premolar was isolated with rubber dam. The intraoral holder (Kelly's forcep) was attached to a robotic arm. The students were taught the correct angulations of the x-ray cone for the paralleling technique and parallax method using Kelly's forcep during root canal treatment. Results: All students managed to complete the exercise and were considered competent when they produced acceptable quality of radiographs. Conclusion: The model described was improvised from a model that has been used during the past 2 years for undergraduates' endodontic courses. It has been well accepted as it simulates the clinical situation more closely than was possible previously.
Thirty extracted mandibular premolars were randomly divided into 3 groups. Canals were cleaned, obturated and the teeth incubated. Guttapercha removal was performed using: Hedström files with xylene (Group 1); ProFile® alone (Group 2) and combination of both (Group 3). Time required to remove the gutta-percha was recorded. Postoperative radiographs were taken. Specimens were split longitudinally and photographed. Amount of gutta-percha left at coronal, middle and apical thirds was calculated by computer (QWIN software) and the photographs were also evaluated visually by two endodontists. Results showed that the combined technique was fastest in removing gutta-percha. Radiographically, more residual was left in Group 2. Although computer analysis also showed more residual was left in Group 2, they were in a small percentage and there were no significant differences (P>0.05, SPSS paired-samples T test) among groups. Although there were significant differences between the two evaluators in their scoring, both generally agreed (Kappa’s analysis= 0.64) there was more guttapercha residual in Group 2 compared to Group 3 in the apical thirds. Although the differences in efficacy of guttapercha removal among these techniques were not significant, the use of ProFile® increased the speed of the procedure. The combined technique showed the most superior efficacy in gutta-percha removal.
The aim of study was to evaluate the level of satisfaction of patients treated in the undergraduate Year 4 and Year 5 of University of Malaya. The subjects were patients treated in the Year 4 periodontology clinic (Polyclinic B) (n=38) and Year 5 periodontology clinic (Polyclinic C) (n=30). Data was gathered using a questionnaire which consisted of 4 components namely appointment facilities, infrastructure and basic facilities, behaviour of students dental clinician, and quality and efficiency of treatment provided. The results showed that for appointment facilities the level of satisfaction was almost 80%; for infrastructure and basic facilities the satisfaction was more than 85%; for behavior of students dental clinician the level of satisfaction was more than 90% and for quality and efficiency of treatment provided the level of satisfaction was more than 60%. When all the components were compared between patients treated in Polyclinic B to patients treated in Polyclinic C, there was no statistically significant difference (p>0.05). In conclusion, the level of satisfaction of patients treated in the undergraduate Year 4 and Year 5 periodontology clinic of University of Malaya is the same
This paper represents a study of35casesofodontogenic keratocyst (OKC) diagnosed in a Malaysian population. The clinical, radiological and histopathological features, treatment modalities and recurrence of this lesion were analysed. There was a higher prevalence rate among Malaysian Chinese (51.42 percent), while the Malays and Indians accounted for22.86 percent and 25.72 percent respectively. The male to female ratio was 16 : 19.Age at presentation ranged from nine to 71 year,with about 70percent occurring between ages ten to 39 years. A total of40cysts were analysed. Of these, 67.5 percent occurred in the mandible and 32.5 percent in the maxilla. About 88percent of OKC presented as unilocular radiolucencies and 42.0 percent were associated with unerupted or impacted teeth. Histologically, the parakeratinized OKC was the predominant variant found (75.8 percent). The majority of caseswere treated by enucleation (85 percent), and a recurrence rate of20percent was recorded.
Purpose of the study: The objective of this study was to investigate the flexural strengths of five commercially available tooth-coloured restorative materials – Alpha-Dent (composite resin, Dental Technologies Inc.), Solare Anterior (composite resin, GC), F2000 (polyacid-modified composite resin, 3M), Beautifil (giomer, Shofu) and Fuji II LC (resin- modified glass ionomer cement, GC] using the ISO 4049 specifications. Materials and Method: Ten specimens of (25±0.2)mm x (2±0.1)mm x (2±0.1)mm from each material were prepared at 22-23ºC using a customized metal mould. After light polymerization, the specimens were stored in distilled water at 37ºC for 24 hours. The specimens were subsequently blotted dry, measured and subjected to flexural testing using an Instron Universal Testing Machine with a crosshead speed of 0.5mm/min. The flexural strengths were calculated from the maximum load exerted on the specimens. Data were analysed using one way ANOVA and scheffe’s post-hoc multiple comparison tests at a significance level of 0.05.Results: The results showed that the mean flexural strengths of Beautifil, Solare Anterior and Alpha-Dent were above 80 MPa and those of F2000 and Fuji II LC were below 80 MPa. The results of one-way ANOVA and Scheffe’s post-host tests demonstrated that Beautifil had significantly higher mean flexural strength compared to Fuji II LC, F2000 and Alpha-Dent (P
The purpose of this study was to determine the
DNA yield and quality from different non-invasive
sampling methods and to identify the method which
gave the highest DNA yield. Method: Thirty-eight
volunteers had been recruited in this study where
blood, buccal cells and saliva were collected using
various collection techniques. Buccal cells were
collected by 1) cytobrush and 2) saline mouth rinsing
or “swish”. Meanwhile saliva was collected by passive
drooling method. Upon processing the white blood
cell (WBC), buccal cells and saliva samples, DNA
extraction was performed according to the
manufacturer’s protocol. Quantification and quality
(DNA ratio at A260/A280) of the extracted DNA were
determined using NanoDropND-1000®. T-test was
performed to compare means between DNA obtained
from various collection methods. Results: DNA yields
from buccal cells collected with cytobrush, “swish”,
saliva and WBC (mean ± SD) were (8.2 ± 5.9)ng/μl,
(28.2 ± 14.9)ng/μl, (5.9 ± 9.5)ng/μl and (105.3 ±
75.0)ng/μl respectively. Meanwhile the mean DNA
ratio at A260/A280 for cytobrush, “swish”, saliva and
WBC were 2.3, 2.0, 1.7 and 1.8 respectively. Post hoc
test with Bonferroni correction suggested that DNA
yield from “swish” technique exhibited the least mean
different as compared to the DNA extracted from WBC
(p
Objective: An in vitro assessment of MG-63 human osteosarcoma cells' alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity when in contact with calcium hydroxide powder (CH), paste (CHP) and grey mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA). Methods: MG-63 cells were seeded to the three selected materials for durations of 0.25, 0.5, 1, 24, 48 and 72 hours. BCIP-NBT assay was used and ALP activity quantified using ELISA reader at 410 nm. Results: The overall analysis for ALP activity indicated significant interaction between test materials and control (maintenance medium). Subsequently, the test materials were paired and analysed for initial (0.25, 0.5, 1 hour) and delayed response (24, 48 and 72 hours). During the initial response, CH exhibited an increased ALP activity compared to MTA. This interaction was not dependant on duration. The delayed response exhibited elevated ALP activity with CHP when compared to MTA and CH. The interaction of CHP was dependant on duration. Conclusion: All three materials exhibited increased ALP activity.
Oral health literacy (OHL) is important in empowering people to improve their general and oral health. Carers’ OHL may be associated with their ability to deliver good oral healthcare to their children. The aim of this pilot study was to assess the OHL among carers of special needs children. This is a descriptive cross-sectional study of carers in four Community-Based Rehabilitation Centre. Data were collected through a structured face-to-face interview of 40 carers. Oral Health Literacy Malay Version (OHLI-M) was measured using text passages and prompts with a total of 57 items. These items were used to assess comprehension and numerical ability of carers based on domains namely, accessing dental care, understand appointment and following medication instructions. The results showed that majority of the participants had ‘marginal’ and ‘adequate’ OHL level of 32.5% and 52.5%, respectively. Only four (10%) participants had ‘inadequate’ OHL level. The ‘reading comprehension’ and ‘numeracy’ sections’ mean scores were 37.54 (95% CI 35.7-39.4) and 38.17 (95% CI 34.8-41.6). The total OHL mean score was 75.7 (95% CI 71.2-80.2). In conclusion, majority of the carers of special needs children in this sample had moderate OHL. Such information is important to develop more appropriate intervention programmes for carers to match their OHL.
Dental fear is a hindrance to the effective provision of oral health care and causes patients to delay, or even avoid necessary care altogether. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and level of dental fear, to identify specific fear provoking stimuli and also to explore the avoidance behaviour among the respondents. A cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of 407 antenatal mothers utilizing the Kleinknecht's Dental Fear Survey Questionnaire. The overall prevalence of dental fear was 94.1% of which 67.6% of the subjects reported low fear levels, 26.5% were moderately fearful while none were highly fearful. Only 5.9% of the subjects reported no fear. The drill and anaesthetic needle were identified as the most fear provoking objects. Subjects with moderate fear were about 6.4 times (OR=6.39; 95%CI 3.81-10.75) more likely to avoid making appointments and 6 times (OR=6.05; 95% CI 3.20-11.50) more likely to cancel appointments compared to subjects with lower levels of fear. This. study indicates that dental fear is a common problem among antenatal mothers contributing to poor dental attendance.
The aim of the article is to report on the perception of utilizers of government dental services towards the preservation of natural teeth for life and relate it to their past utilization pattern and the associated demographic factors. All patients aged 15 years and over attending ten randomly selected government dental clinics in Selangor, Wilayah Persekutuan and Negri Sembilan during the study period of thirty non consecutive outpatients days were interviewed and examined clinically. Five-hundred and fifty subjects were included in the survey. It was found that the majority of respondents (63%)have a.rather pessimistic perception of their ability to preserve natural teeth for life and most have a very poor past utilization behaviour (90%).The most pessimistic and worst utilization behaviour was reported by the Malay ethnic group, the least formally educated and the lowest income group (p O.O1).It is postulated that one of the main reason for this trend among Malay respondents could be due to their lower educational and income status, rather than cultural influences. Further research into the influence of culture on the utilization pattern of the Malays is therefore recommended.
The impact strength of a newly developed experimental polyurethane-based polymer which is derived from palm oil (Experimental PU) was compared with denture polymers; heat-cured and self cured polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and ® Eclipse , light-activated urethane dimethacrylate prosthetic resin system. Ten specimens were ® prepared using heat-cured PMMA (Meliodent Heat Cure, Heraeus Kulzer, Germany), self cured PMMA ® (Meliodent Rapid Repair, Heraeus Kulzer, ® Germany), Eclipse baseplate resin (Dentsply, USA) and Experimental PU material. Specimens were prepared following manu- facturer’s instructions except for the Experimental PU material where it was prepared in bulk and sectioned to the desired dimension, 64 x 6 x 4 mm. A ‘V’ notch of approximately 0.8mm in depth was machine cut across the 6mm width. Prior to the Charpy type impact test, specimens were soaked in a water bath for 50 hours at 37ºC. ® Eclipse baseplate resin showed the highest 2 impact strength (2.73 kJ/m ±0.54) followed by ® 2 Meliodent Rapid Repair (2.50kJ/m ±0.65), ® 2 Meliodent Heat Cure (1.96kJ/m ±0.42) and 2 Experimental PU (1.04kJ/m ±0.29). One-way ANOVA showed significant interaction between materials (p
There is a wide variation in the morphology of third maxillary molar which can be difficult to be identified radiographically. We present a case of a 26 year-old Yemeni female patient presented with difficult extraction of her left maxillary third molar. The extracted tooth showed a rare variation of root morphology, having four roots with three roots curving palatally at the apices. This report emphasized the potential complex morphological variation of maxillary third molar which may lead to the difficulty of a routine straight forward procedure thus needing careful extraction maneuvering to prevent any complications.
The aim of the study was to assess the association between past fluoride exposures from ingested toothpaste and current fluorosis manifestations in 10- 11 year old index subjects. Fluorosis was assessed with the Dean’s Index in 1343 10-11 year old index subjects. Two hundred index subjects who had younger 4-5 year old siblings were sub sampled and fluoride exposures from ingested toothpaste in their younger siblings (proxy subjects) were determined. The values for the fluoride ingested per brushing of the proxy subjects were utilised together with past frequency of toothbrushing of index subjects to extrapolate on the past exposure of index subjects. The mean extrapolated past fluoride exposure from ingestion of toothpaste was highly variable; 671.7 ug ± 739.3 ug (sem= 56.9). It was higher in the subjects with fluorosis (697.3 ug) than in those without fluorosis (646.89 ug) but differences were not of statistical significance. This approach of extrapolation has not been reported elsewhere and need to be validated. The implications of the present methodology to estimate past fluoride exposure is discussed.
In Malaysia, training to enter dental
nursing profession is only open to women. Ironically,
there are no such gender restrictions on training for
any other health related professions in Malaysia.
Aim: Therefore this study aims to assess the
perceptions of Malaysian Senior Dental Officers
(SDOs) towards the employability of male workers in
the dental nursing profession and to compare findings
from male and female SDOs. Methods: This cross
sectional study was carried out on all SDOs in
Ministry of Health, Malaysia, using a self-administered
questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and a chi square
test were used to address the study objectives. Results:
Of the 112 participants, 78 SDOs returned the
questionnaire, yielding a response rate of 70%. The
majority of SDOs had positive perceptions of the
employment of male dental nurses. It was indicated that
gender is an important indicator for workforce
development, and that the employment of both male
and female dental nurses would enhance productivity.
Almost 70% of SDOs perceived that the productivity
of oral health service would be enhanced by having
male and female dental nurses but 84.6% disagreed
that male dental nurses would be more productive than
female. Two thirds of SDOs disagreed that male dental
nurses would increase satisfaction among male
patients. About 64% of male SDOs disagreed that
dental nursing profession is associated with female
traits. There was no significant difference between
perceptions by male and female SDOs for any
statements. Conclusion: The majority of Malaysian
SDOs have positive perceptions towards the
employability of male dental nurses, and perceived
dental nursing as a suitable profession for both
genders. Training for the dental nursing profession
should therefore be made available for men.
Severe gingival recession caused by dehiscence usually present a challenging task to the clinician as any mucogingival surgery without bony regeneration will not 'prevent the condition from recurring. The procedures of guided tissue regeneration ( GTR ) which allow regeneration of the lost periodontium may offer some solution to the condition. This paper reports on the use of a non-resorbable GTR membrane to treat an isolated lower incisor gingival recession associated with dehiscence.
Fixed-removable appliance is frequently used to extrude a tooth but the idea of incorporating an acrylic capping or stop has not been documented in the literature. This article reports on a case treated with this new approach and describes the technique used.
This paper attempts to review epidemiological studies of oral cancer and precancer in Malaysia. The defmitions of prevalence, incidence, risk habits and oral cancer and precancers were discussed to better understand' the different types of studies conducted, which would be important in making comparisons between studies. Currently, epidemiological data on oral cancer in Malaysia are sketchy. The only incidence data for oral cancer in Malaysia was reported by Hirayama in 1966, 35 years ago. He estimated that 3.1 new cases per 100,000 population were diagnosed for the year 1963. A number of histopathological data of oral and maxillofacial biopsies were reported. Oral cancer accounted for one-fifth of all oral biopsies. A national study on oral mucosal lesions in Malaysia carried out in 1993/4 reported that there was a variation seen in the occurrence of oral premalignancy among the ethnic groups. The Indians and the indigenous people of Sabah and Sarawak were identified as high risk groups for oral cancer and precancer. It was also observed that both of the ethnic groups chewed betel quid. In conclusion, the epidemiological studies have provided useful data, which may be used in planning for future oral health programmes and research towards enhancing Malaysia's on-going effort in preventing the occurrence of these diseases.
Purpose of the study: The objective of this study was to investigate the existence of the golden proportion between the width of the maxillary anterior teeth of undergraduate dental students at University of Malaya. Materials and method: Standardised photographs of 100 dental students’ smiles displaying only the lips and the teeth were captured. The images were transferred to a personal computer and the width of the maxillary anterior teeth was measured using an Image
Analyzer (Leiqa QWin). Calculations were made according to the Theory of Golden Proportion. The
data were statistically analysed using paired student T-test (α