Displaying publications 41 - 60 of 93 in total

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  1. Transducer-like enhancer of split 1 (TLE1) expression as a diagnostic immunohistochemical marker for synovial sarcoma and its association with morphological features
    Bakrin IH, Hussain FA, Tuan Sharif SE
    Malays J Pathol, 2016 Aug;38(2):117-22.
    PMID: 27568668 MyJurnal
    Synovial sarcoma (SS) is a malignant soft tissue tumour of uncertain histogenesis which is defined by the translocation t(X;18) that produces the fusion oncogenes SYT-SSX. The emergence of transducer-like enhancer of split 1 (TLE1) as a new immunohistochemical (IHC) marker for SS has offered an alternative to pathologists in differentiating SS from other histological mimics, especially in the setting of limited molecular facilities. We investigated the utility of IHC TLE1 expression against histomorphological features and other IHC markers in SS and non-SS tumours. Twenty-six cases of histologically diagnosed SS and 7 non-SS (for which SS was in the differential diagnosis) were subjected to TLE1 IHC staining, which was graded from 0 to 3+. Of the 26 SS cases, 12 each were biphasic and monophasic types and 2 were poorly-differentiated. TLE1 was expressed in 22/26 (84.6%) SS cases, of which 11/12 (91.7%) were biphasic, 10/12 (83.3%) monophasic and 1/2 (50%) poorly-differentiated tumours. Two of 7 (28.6%) non-SS cases were positive for TLE1. Immunopositivity of SS and non-SS cases for EMA were 20/26 (76.9%) and 2/7 (28.6%) respectively and for CK7 were 7/26 (26.9%) and 0/7 (0%) respectively. All cases were negative for CD34. Consistent histomorphological features for SS included mild nuclear pleomorphism, alternating tumour cellularity, fascicular growth pattern and thick ropy stromal collagen. In conclusion, TLE1 is not a stand-alone diagnostic IHC marker for SS. However, in the absence of molecular studies, it can contribute added diagnostic value in combination with morphological evaluation and other IHC markers such as EMA and CD34.
    Matched MeSH terms: Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis*
  2. P16INK4a: a potential diagnostic adjunct for prediction of high-grade cervical lesions in liquid-based cytology: with HPV testing and histological correlation
    Wong YP, Abdul Raub SH, Mohd Dali AZ, Kassim F, Visvalingam V, Zakaria Z, et al.
    Malays J Pathol, 2016 Aug;38(2):93-101.
    PMID: 27568665
    Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a necessary cause of cervical cancer and its precursors. Increased expression of high-risk hrHPV viral oncogenes in abnormal cells might increase the expression of p16INK4a. We aimed to determine the role of p16INK4a in detecting hrHPV-transformed epithelial cells in liquid-based cervical cytology, and compared the results with hrHPV DNA testing by realtime polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Fifty-seven cytological samples were tested for p16INK4a immunomarker and hrHPV DNA. Test performance of both tests was determined by comparing sensitivity, specificity and predictive values using available histological follow-up data as gold standard. Of 57 samples, 36 (63.2%) showed immunoreactivity for p16INK4a and 43 (75.4%) were hrHPV-infected. A fairly low concordance rate (k = 0.504) between p16INK4a immunolabelling and hrHPV DNA status was noted. For prediction of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) II and worse lesions, p16INK4a had a sensitivity and specificity of 93.5% and 60%; whereas hrHPV DNA testing had a sensitivity and specificity of 100% and 20%. Dual testing by combining p16INK4a and hrHPV showed sensitivity and specificity of 100% and 33.3%. In conclusion, p16INK4a is useful in predicting severity of the cytological abnormalities. Although p16INK4a is more specific but less sensitive than hrHPV in detecting high-grade cervical lesions, a combination of both tests failed to demonstrate significant improvement in diagnostic sensitivity, specificity and predictive value. Larger-scale prospective studies are required to assess further whether this biomarker should be routinely used as primary screening tool independently or in combination with hrHPV testing to improve diagnostic accuracy in cervical cytology.
    Matched MeSH terms: Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis*
  3. Primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma and its mimickers: a rare case report with literature review
    Win TT, Kamaludin Z, Husin A
    Malays J Pathol, 2016 Aug;38(2):153-7.
    PMID: 27568673 MyJurnal
    Primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma (PMLBL) is an uncommon non-Hodgkin lymphoma with a distinct clinicopathological entity in the WHO classification of lymphoid malignancies. It is known to originate from B-cells of the thymus. It mimics thymic neoplasms and other lymphomas clinically and histopathologically. We reported a 33-year-old obese man who presented with shortness of breath off and on for 4 years. Radiologically, there was a huge anterior mediastinal mass. Tru-cut biopsy was initially diagnosed as type-A thymoma. Histopathological examination of the excised specimen revealed PMLBL with stromal fibrosis and sclerosis which created a diagnostic difficulty. The neoplastic cells varied from medium-sized to large pleomorphic cells, including mononuclear cells with centroblastic and immunoblastic features as well as bi-lobed Reed Sternberg (RS)-like cells and horse-shoe like hallmark cells. Some interlacing spindle cells and epithelioid cells were also present. Immunohistochemically, tumour cells expressed diffuse positivity for LCA, CD20, CD79a, CD23, Bcl2, MUM-1 and heterogenous positivity for CD30 and EMA, and were negative for CD10, CD15 and ALK. Ki67 scoring was very high. Tumour cells infiltrated into peri-thymic fat and pericardium. No malignant cells were detected in the pleural fluid and there was no bone marrow infiltration. The patient showed partial response to 6 cycles of RICE chemotherapy, and was planned for second line chemotherapy using hyper-CVAD regimen followed by autologous stem cell transplantation. This case illustrates the importance of thorough sampling and immunohistochemistry in differentiating PMLBL from its differential diagnoses.
    Matched MeSH terms: Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis
  4. Fulltext Histomorphology and Immunohistochemistry of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors in a Malaysian Population
    Kkrishnappa P, Loh EJ, Mohamad IB, Tata MD, Akhilesh M, Palayan K
    Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2016;17(6):2795-9.
    PMID: 27356692
    PURPOSE: To study histomorphological and immunohistochemical patterns of gastro-intestinal stromal tumours (GISTs) in Malaysia.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 29 GIST cases from Hospital Tuanku Ja'afar, Seremban ,were studied retrospectively over a period of 10 years from January 2002 to December 2011. Patient demographic data like age, sex and etnicity were collected. Tumour characteristics like site, maximum dimension and specimen type were analysed. Evaluation was according to established criteria into very low, low, intermediate and high-risk categories. Immunohistochemical characteristics were also analysed.

    RESULTS: The mean age of patients was 59.7 years. Males (59%) were found to be more commonly affected than females (41%). The Chinese (45%) were commonly affected than Malays (41%), and Indians (10%). The most common symptom was pain in the abdomen (13.8%). More than half of the cases were seen in stomach (53%). The tumour size ranged from 1.5 cm to 17 cm with a mean of 6.94cm. Microscopic findings revealed that the spindle cell type was the most common (76%). It was observed that the majority of the cases (48%) were categorised in the intermediate risk group. Immunohistochemical staining showed positivity for CD117 (78.6%), CD34 (71.4%), vimentin (86.2%), S-100 (27.6%), SMA (35.7%), PKC THETA (46.4%) and PDGRFA (67.9%).
    Matched MeSH terms: Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis*
  5. Low HIP1R mRNA and protein expression are associated with worse survival in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma patients treated with R-CHOP
    Wong KK, Ch'ng ES, Loo SK, Husin A, Muruzabal MA, Møller MB, et al.
    Exp Mol Pathol, 2015 Dec;99(3):537-45.
    PMID: 26341140 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2015.08.019
    Huntingtin-interacting protein 1-related (HIP1R) is an endocytic protein involved in receptor trafficking, including regulating cell surface expression of receptor tyrosine kinases. We have previously shown that low HIP1R protein expression was associated with poorer survival in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients from Denmark treated with R-CHOP (rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisone). In this multicenter study, we extend these findings and validate the prognostic and subtyping utility of HIP1R expression at both transcript and protein level. Using data mining on three independent transcriptomic datasets of DLBCL, HIP1R transcript was preferentially expressed in germinal center B-cell (GCB)-like DLBCL subtype (P<0.01 in all three datasets), and lower expression was correlated with worse overall survival (OS; P<0.01) and progression-free survival (PFS; P<0.05) in a microarray-profiled DLBCL dataset. At the protein level examined by immunohistochemistry, HIP1R expression at 30% cut-off was associated with GCB-DLBCL molecular subtype (P=0.0004; n=42), and predictive of OS (P=0.0006) and PFS (P=0.0230) in de novo DLBCL patients treated with R-CHOP (n=73). Cases with high FOXP1 and low HIP1R expression frequency (FOXP1(hi)/HIP1R(lo) phenotype) exhibited poorer OS (P=0.0038) and PFS (P=0.0134). Multivariate analysis showed that HIP1R<30% or FOXP1(hi)/HIP1R(lo) subgroup of patients exhibited inferior OS and PFS (P<0.05) independently of the International Prognostic Index. We conclude that HIP1R expression is strongly indicative of survival when utilized on its own or in combination with FOXP1, and the molecule is potentially applicable for subtyping of DLBCL cases.
    Matched MeSH terms: Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis*
  6. Fulltext Increased soluble HLA-DRB1in B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
    Hassan N, Dhaliwal JS, Mohd Ibrahim H, Osman R, HIdris SZ, Lee le J, et al.
    Malays J Pathol, 2015 Aug;37(2):83-90.
    PMID: 26277663 MyJurnal
    Soluble HLA (sHLA) are potential tumour markers released in order to counter immune surveillance. sHLA-class II is less known especially in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). This study aimed to investigate soluble, surface and allelic expression of HLA Class II (sHLA-DR) in B-cell ALL patients and compare with soluble expression in normal individuals. A sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed to measure soluble HLA-DRB1 in plasma. Flow cytometric analysis was performed to determine median fluorescence intensity in HLA-DR surface expression. HLA-DNA typing by polymerase chain reaction, sequence specific oligonucleotides, PCRSSO was performed to determine HLA-DRB1 type in ALL samples. Results showed sHLA-DRB1 (mean±SEM) was significantly increased (p=0.001) in plasma of ALL patients (0.260 ±0.057 μg/mL; n=30) compared to healthy controls (0.051 ± 0.007µg/mL; n=31) of Malay ethnicity. However, these levels did not correlate with percentage or median fluorescence intensity of HLA-DR expressed on leukemia blasts (CD19+CD34 ± CD45(lo)HLA-DR+) or in the normal B cell population (CD19+CD34- CD45(hi)HLA-DR+) of patients. No significant difference was observed in gender (male/female) or age (paediatric/adult). Only a trend in reduced sHLA was observed in patients carrying HLA-DR04. These results have to be validated with a larger number of samples.
    Matched MeSH terms: Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis*
  7. Overexpression of DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) protein in astrocytic tumour and its correlation with O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) expression
    Rahman WF, Rahman KS, Nafi SN, Fauzi MH, Jaafar H
    Int J Clin Exp Pathol, 2015;8(6):6095-106.
    PMID: 26261487
    The relationship between DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) and O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) in mediating tumorigenesis is still poorly understood. This study was carried out to investigate a correlation between DNMT1 and MGMT immunoexpression in astrocytic tumour samples.
    Matched MeSH terms: Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis*
  8. Berberis vulgaris fruit crude extract as a novel anti-leukaemic agent
    Saedi TA, Ghafourian S, Jafarlou M, Sabariah MN, Ismail P, Eusni RM, et al.
    J Biol Regul Homeost Agents, 2015 Apr-Jun;29(2):395-9.
    PMID: 26122228
    Tumor protein p53 encoded by the TP53 gene in humans is known as a cancer biomarker in patients diagnosed with cancer, and it plays an essential role in apoptosis, genomic stability, and inhibition of angiogenesis. Cancer therapies with common chemotherapy methods are effective, as known, but have some side effects. Berberis vulgaris is traditionally administrated as a cancer drug. The current research aims to evaluate p53 as a biomarker in WEHI-3 cell line and to demonstrate the Berberis vulgaris fruit crude extract (BVFCE) as a new anticancer drug. For this purpose, we evaluated the effect of BVFCE in different concentrations against WEHI-3cell line in vitro and determined the quantitative level of p53 gene in the treated WEHI-3 cells. The results demonstrated that even at only 1 mg/ml concentration of Berberis vulgaris crude extract, there was a low level of p53 biomarker expression on WEHI-3 cells in comparison with doxorubicin. Therefore, the current study suggests BVFCE as a reliable anti-leukaemic drug and candidate for anticancer therapy. However, further investigation need be carried out to confirm its efficiency in vivo.
    Matched MeSH terms: Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis
  9. Aberrant proteins featured in the saliva of habitual betel quid chewers: an indication of early oral premalignancy?
    Jessie K, Jayapalan JJ, Rahim ZH, Hashim OH
    Electrophoresis, 2014 Dec;35(24):3504-11.
    PMID: 25223738 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201400252
    Prolonged chewing of betel quid is known to cause oral diseases, including cancer. The present study was performed to screen for aberrant proteins in the saliva of habitual betel quid chewers compared to nonchewers. Saliva of female subjects (n = 10) who had been chewing betel quid for more than 20 years and nonbetel quid chewers (n = 10) of the same gender and range of age was analyzed by gel-based proteomics. Increased structural microheterogeneity of saliva haptoglobin beta chains indicated by shifts of focused spots similar to that earlier reported in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma, and their relatively higher abundance compared to nonbetel quid chewers, were detected in saliva protein profiles of all chewers. In addition, the majority of the betel quid chewers also showed significant higher abundance of hemopexin, alpha-1B glycoprotein, alpha1-antitrypsin, complement C3, and transthyretin. These proteins had previously been associated with several different cancers. Our data demonstrated different forms of protein aberration in the saliva of betel quid chewers, which may be indicative of early oral precancerous conditions.
    Matched MeSH terms: Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis*
  10. The immunohistochemistry signature of mismatch repair (MMR) proteins in a multiethnic Asian cohort with endometrial carcinoma
    Woo YL, Cheah PL, Shahruddin SI, Omar SZ, Arends M
    Int J Gynecol Pathol, 2014 Nov;33(6):554-9.
    PMID: 25272293 DOI: 10.1097/PGP.0000000000000099
    Endometrial cancer is the most common gynecologic cancer in developed countries and is rising in incidence globally. Although the 5-year survival rates are >80%, factors beyond conventional pathologic features that predict clinical outcomes are still being elucidated. The aims of this study were to define the prevalence and associations of deficient mismatch repair (dMMR) protein expression (MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, PMS2) by immunohistochemistry in a multiethnic Southeast Asian cohort with endometrioid endometrial cancer. A total of 77 patients with adequate formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded specimens were identified. The sections were stained in 2 centers for 4 MMR proteins and examined by 2 independent specialist histopathologists. The mean age for the cohort was 58.6 yr, with 19.4% (15/77) of patients' cancers showing loss of 2 MMR proteins. All 13 cancers with absent MLH1 showed PMS2 loss (13/15), whereas absent MSH2 correlated with MHS6 loss (2/15). There were no significant differences for dMMR cases in age, body mass index, histopathologic characteristics, and clinical outcomes. In dMMR cases, an overrepresentation of patients of Indian ethnic origin was observed compared with Chinese and Malays. These findings suggest that dMMR protein expression in a Southeast Asian endometrial cancer cohort does not correlate with disease outcomes.
    Matched MeSH terms: Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis*
  11. Detection of host-specific immunogenic proteins in the saliva of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma
    Mu AK, Chan YS, Kang SS, Azman SN, Zain RB, Chai WL, et al.
    J Immunoassay Immunochem, 2014;35(2):183-93.
    PMID: 24295181 DOI: 10.1080/15321819.2013.836535
    The main purpose of this article is to develop a new and reliable saliva-based clinical diagnostic method for the early detection of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). This study used an immunoproteomic approach which allowed the detection of immunogenic host proteins in patients' samples using pooled human antibodies. In an attempt to investigate potential biomarkers of OSCC, two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) followed by immunoblotting of saliva from patients and controls were compared. The protein spots of interest were analyzed using 2-DE image analyzer and subsequently subjected to MALDI-TOF/TOF and then matched against NCBI database. The result showed that four protein clusters, namely Human Pancreatic Alpha-amylase (HPA), Human Salivary Amylase (sAA), keratin-10 (K-10), and Ga Module Complexed with Human Serum Albumin (GA-HSA), had exhibited immunoreactivity in western blot. The results are suggestive of the potential use of the differentially expressed saliva protein as tumor biomarkers for the detection of OSCC. However, further studies are recommended to validate this finding.
    Matched MeSH terms: Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis*
  12. Cytokeratin immunoreactivity in Ewing sarcoma/ primitive neuroectodermal tumour
    Elbashier SH, Nazarina AR, Looi LM
    Malays J Pathol, 2013 Dec;35(2):139-45.
    PMID: 24362477
    Ewing sarcoma (ES)/ primitive neuroectodermal tumour (PNET) is an aggressive malignant neoplasm affecting mainly children and young adults. The tumour is included with other primitive neoplasms under the category of small round cell tumour. Cytokeratin expression in ES/PNET has been described in sporadic case reports as well as a few systemic series. We studied this feature in Malaysian patients diagnosed in University Malaya Medical Centre on the basis of typical morphology and immunohistochemical assays. Immunohistochemical staining for AE1/AE3 and MNF116 were performed in 43 cases. Cytokeratin was expressed in 17 cases (39.5%) in focal, intermediate or diffuse patterns. There was no significant association between cytokeratin immunoreactivity and the following parameters: patient age, sex, skeletal and extraskeletal primary location as well as primary, metastastic or recurrent tumours or chemotherapy treatment. A significant association between cytokeratin and neuron specific enolase (NSE) expression was demonstrated. Our study supports evidence of epithelial differentiation in ES/PNET and emphasizes that the expression of cytokeratin does not exclude ES/PNET in the differential diagnosis of small round cell tumours.
    Matched MeSH terms: Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis*
  13. Oral cancer secretome: identification of cancer-associated proteins
    Chang HY, Hor SY, Lim KP, Zain RB, Cheong SC, Rahman MA, et al.
    Electrophoresis, 2013 Aug;34(15):2199-208.
    PMID: 23712713 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201300126
    This study aims to identify cancer-associated proteins in the secretome of oral cancer cell lines. We have successfully established four primary cell cultures of normal cells with a limited lifespan without human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) immortalization. The secretome of these primary cell cultures were compared with that of oral cancer cell lines using 2DE. Thirty five protein spots were found to have changed in abundance. Unambiguous identification of these proteins was achieved by MALDI TOF/TOF. In silico analysis predicted that 24 of these proteins were secreted via classical or nonclassical mechanisms. The mRNA expression of six genes was found to correlate with the corresponding protein abundance. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) core analysis revealed that the identified proteins were relevant in, and related to, cancer development with likely involvements in tumor growth, metastasis, hyperproliferation, tumorigenesis, neoplasia, hyperplasia, and cell transformation. In conclusion, we have demonstrated that a comparative study of the secretome of cancer versus normal cell lines can be used to identify cancer-associated proteins.
    Matched MeSH terms: Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis*
  14. Fulltext Potentiality of a triple microRNA classifier: miR-193a-3p, miR-23a and miR-338-5p for early detection of colorectal cancer
    Yong FL, Law CW, Wang CW
    BMC Cancer, 2013 Jun 08;13:280.
    PMID: 23758639 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-13-280
    BACKGROUND: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short, non-coding RNA molecules that act as regulators of gene expression. Circulating blood miRNAs offer great potential as cancer biomarkers. The objective of this study was to correlate the differential expression of miRNAs in tissue and blood in the identification of biomarkers for early detection of colorectal cancer (CRC).

    METHODS: The study was divided into two phases: (I) Marker discovery by miRNA microarray using paired cancer tissues (n = 30) and blood samples (CRC, n = 42; control, n = 18). (II) Marker validation by stem-loop reverse transcription real time PCR using an independent set of paired cancer tissues (n = 30) and blood samples (CRC, n = 70; control, n = 32). Correlation analysis was determined by Pearson's test. Logistic regression and receiver operating characteristics curve analyses were applied to obtain diagnostic utility of the miRNAs.

    RESULTS: Seven miRNAs (miR-150, miR-193a-3p, miR-23a, miR-23b, miR-338-5p, miR-342-3p and miR-483-3p) have been found to be differentially expressed in both tissue and blood samples. Significant positive correlations were observed in the tissue and blood levels of miR-193a-3p, miR-23a and miR-338-5p. Moreover, increased expressions of these miRNAs were detected in the more advanced stages. MiR-193a-3p, miR-23a and miR-338-5p were demonstrated as a classifier for CRC detection, yielding a receiver operating characteristic curve area of 0.887 (80.0% sensitivity, 84.4% specificity and 83.3% accuracy).

    CONCLUSION: Dysregulations in circulating blood miRNAs are reflective of those in colorectal tissues. The triple miRNA classifier of miR-193a-3p, miR-23a and miR-338-5p appears to be a potential blood biomarker for early detection of CRC.

    Matched MeSH terms: Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis*
  15. Fulltext Pattern of hMLH1, hMSH2 and hMSH6 expression and clinical characteristics in a sample of Malaysian colorectal carcinoma cases
    Khoo JJ, Gunn A, Peh SC
    Malays J Pathol, 2013 Jun;35(1):45-57.
    PMID: 23817394 MyJurnal
    Malignant transformation from normal colonic mucosa to carcinomas may be accelerated by genetic loss or inactivation of genes of the DNA mismatch repair system. The aim of the study was to determine the local incidence and pattern of immunohistochemical expression of mismatch repair proteins namely: hMLH1, hMSH2 and hMSH6 in a series of colorectal carcinomas (CRCs) and correlate this to their clinical and pathological features. Forty-three out of 298 cases of CRCs (14.4%) showed abnormal staining pattern for mismatch repair proteins with a majority (65.1%) showing single hMLH1 loss. Tumours with mismatch repair defect (MMR-d) were frequently found at the right side of colon (p<0.001), poorly differentiated carcinomas (p<0.001), produced more mucin (p=0.007), exophytic growth (p=0.007) and were bigger (p=0.002) than tumours with no mismatch repair defect. Immunohistochemical stains for mismatch repair proteins could be done in local laboratories on these selected cases before referring for the expensive molecular test.
    Matched MeSH terms: Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis*
  16. Urine of patients with early prostate cancer contains lower levels of light chain fragments of inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor and saposin B but increased expression of an inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4 fragment
    Jayapalan JJ, Ng KL, Shuib AS, Razack AH, Hashim OH
    Electrophoresis, 2013 Jun;34(11):1663-9.
    PMID: 23417432 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201200583
    The present study was aimed at the identification of proteins that are differentially expressed in the urine of patients with prostate cancer (PCa), those with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and age-matched healthy male control subjects. Using a combination of 2DE and MS/MS, significantly lower expression of urinary saposin B and two different fragments of inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor light chain (ITIL) was demonstrated in the PCa patients compared to the controls. However, only one of the ITIL fragments was significantly different between the PCa and BPH patients. When image analysis was performed on urinary proteins that were transferred onto NC membranes and detected using a lectin that binds to O-glycans, a truncated fragment of inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4 was the sole protein found to be significantly enhanced in the PCa patients compared to the controls. Together, these urinary peptide fragments might be useful complementary biomarkers to indicate PCa as well as to distinguish it from BPH, although further epidemiological evidence on the specificity and sensitivity of the protein candidates is required.
    Matched MeSH terms: Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis
  17. 18[F]FDG-PET/CT is a useful molecular marker in evaluating tumour aggressiveness: a revised understanding of an in-vivo FDG-PET imaging that alludes the alteration of cancer biology
    Fathinul F, Nordin AJ, Lau WF
    Cell Biochem Biophys, 2013 May;66(1):37-43.
    PMID: 22790883 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-012-9395-5
    Molecular imaging employing (18)[F]FDG-PET/CT enables in-vivo visualization, characterisation and measurement of biological process in tumour at the molecular and cellular level. In oncology, this approach can be directly applied as translational biomarkers of disease progression. In this article, the improved roles of FDG as an in-vivo glycolytic marker which reflect biological changes across in-vitro cellular environment are discussed. New understanding in how altered metabolism via glycolytic downstream drivers of malignant transformation as reviewed below offers unique promise as to monitor tumour aggressiveness and hence optimize the therapeutic management.
    Matched MeSH terms: Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis*
  18. Fulltext Oral cancer prognosis based on clinicopathologic and genomic markers using a hybrid of feature selection and machine learning methods
    Chang SW, Abdul-Kareem S, Merican AF, Zain RB
    BMC Bioinformatics, 2013;14:170.
    PMID: 23725313 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2105-14-170
    Machine learning techniques are becoming useful as an alternative approach to conventional medical diagnosis or prognosis as they are good for handling noisy and incomplete data, and significant results can be attained despite a small sample size. Traditionally, clinicians make prognostic decisions based on clinicopathologic markers. However, it is not easy for the most skilful clinician to come out with an accurate prognosis by using these markers alone. Thus, there is a need to use genomic markers to improve the accuracy of prognosis. The main aim of this research is to apply a hybrid of feature selection and machine learning methods in oral cancer prognosis based on the parameters of the correlation of clinicopathologic and genomic markers.
    Matched MeSH terms: Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis*
  19. Quantification of Her-2/Neu gene in breast cancer patients using real time-polymerase chain reaction (Q-PCR) and correlation with immunohistochemistry findings
    Abdul Murad NA, Razak ZA, Hussain RM, Syed Hussain SN, Ko Ching Huat C, Che Md Ali SA, et al.
    Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2013;14(3):1655-9.
    PMID: 23679251
    BACKGROUND: HER-2/neu is a proto-oncogene that encodes a transmembrane tyrosine kinase growth factor which is crucial for stimulating growth and cellular motility. Overexpression of HER-2/neu is observed in 10-35% of human breast cancers and is associated with pathogenesis, prognosis as well as response to therapy. Given the imperative role of HER-2/neu overexpression in breast cancer, it is important to determine the magnitude of amplification which may facilitate a better prognosis as well as personalized therapy in affected patients. In this study, we determined HER-2/neu protein expression by immunohistochemistry (IHC) concurrently with HER-2/neu DNA amplification by quantitative real time-polymerase chain reaction (Q-PCR).

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 53 paired tissue samples from breast cancer patients were frozen-sectioned to characterize the tumour and normal tissues. Only tissues with 80% tumour cells were used in this study. For confirmation, Q-PCR was used to determine the HER-2/neu DNA amplification.

    RESULTS: We found 20/53 (37.7%) of the tumour tissues to be positive for HER-2/neu protein overexpression using IHC. Out of these twenty, only 9/53 (17%) cases were in agreement with the Q-PCR results. The concordance rate between IHC and Q-PCR was 79.3%. Approximately 20.7% of positive IHC cases showed no HER-2/neu gene amplification using Q-PCR.

    CONCLUSION: In conclusion, IHC can be used as an initial screening method for detection of the HER-2/neu protein overexpression. Techniques such as Q-PCR should be employed to verify the IHC results for uncertain cases as well as determination of HER-2/neu gene amplification.

    Matched MeSH terms: Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis*
  20. Fulltext A double-clear variant of epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma of the parotid gland
    Hussaini HM, Angel CM, Speight PM, Firth NA, Rich AM
    Head Neck Pathol, 2012 Dec;6(4):471-5.
    PMID: 22427262 DOI: 10.1007/s12105-012-0350-y
    The hallmark of the histology of epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma (EMC) is the presence of a regular repetitive mixture of bilayered duct-like structures with an outer layer of myoepithelial cells and inner ductal epithelial cells. Clear cell change in the myoepithelial component is common, but clearing of both cell types, giving an impression of a monocellular neoplasm, is rare. A parotid biopsy was received from an 83-year-old male and subject to routine histologic processing for conventional staining and immunohistochemistry. The encapsulated tumour was composed of sheets of PAS/diastase negative clear cells, separated by fibrous septae. The clear myoepithelial cells were positive for S-100 protein, SMA, and p63 and negative for CK19 and surrounded CK19-positive luminal cells. It is important to utilise immunohistochemistry to differentiate this tumour from others with a similar histologic pattern. Information about the behaviour of the double-clear EMC is limited since there are few cases reported.
    Matched MeSH terms: Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis
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