MyMedR

Displaying publications 41 - 45 of 45 in total

Abstract:

Sort:

Evaluation of the in vitro antileishmanial activities of bioactive guided fractionations of two medicinal plants

Al Nasr IS

Trop Biomed, 2020 Mar 01;37(1):15-23.
PMID: 33612714

The organisms of the genus Leishmania are flagellated protozoan parasites and are the causative agents of leishmaniasis. This disease is a major health problem, especially in tropical countries. Currently, cutaneous leishmaniasis is treated by chemotherapy using pentavalent antimonials, but these drugs have serious organo-toxicity, drug resistance on several occasions, and low efficiency in controlling the infection. The present work is carried out to evaluate the in vitro antileishmanial activity of methanolic extracts and phytochemical fractions of two plants ethnobotanically used against leishmaniasis and skin infection, Calotropis procera and Rhazya stricta leaves against Leishmania major promastigote and amastigote stages and cytotoxicity against the Vero cell line. The leaves of C. procera and R. stricta were extracted with methanol and fractionated by petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and water. The methanolic extracts of the leaves of C. procera and R. stricta exhibited antileishmanial activity against L. major promastigotes with IC50 values of 66.8 and 42.4 µg mL-1, respectively. While their CC50 2.3 and 298 µg mL-1 and their SI 0.03 and 7.03 respectively. However, the fractionations of the methanolic extract of C. procera leaves revealed antiparasitic activity against both L. major promastigote and amastigote stages in vitro, which significantly increased with polarity with the exception of n-butanol. Hence the best activity was revealed by the water fraction (IC50 of 26.3 and 29.0 µg mL-1) for the two stages. In conclusion, further phytochemical investigation should be performed for the C. procera water extract in terms of antileishmanial active ingredient isolation that may enhance the possibility of avoiding toxic substances and overcome the low SI (1.1 and 1.01).

Matched MeSH terms: Phytochemicals/isolation & purification
Medicinal uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology of family Sterculiaceae: a review

Al Muqarrabun LM, Ahmat N

Eur J Med Chem, 2015 Mar 6;92:514-30.
PMID: 25599949 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.01.026

The family Sterculiaceae is one of the most important families among flowering plants. Many of its members demonstrate medicinal properties and have been used for the treatment of various ailments and wounds. A wide range of compounds including alkaloids, phenyl propanoids, flavonoids, terpenoids and other types of compounds including hydrocarbons, sugars, quinones, phenolic acids, lactones, lignans, amine and amides have been isolated from several species in this family. Few studies have reported that some extracts and single compounds isolated from this family exhibited several biological activities, such as antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and cytotoxic activities. The present review is an effort to provide information about the traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology of species from family Sterculiaceae, and to uncover the gaps and potentials requiring further research opportunities regarding the chemistry and pharmacy of this family.

Matched MeSH terms: Phytochemicals/isolation & purification
Phytochemical profiling, antioxidant, enzyme inhibition and cytotoxic potential of Bougainvillea glabra flowers

Saleem H, Htar TT, Naidu R, Zengin G, Ahmad I, Ahemad N

Nat Prod Res, 2020 Sep;34(18):2602-2606.
PMID: 30600720 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2018.1543684

In this study, phytochemical composition, antioxidant, enzyme inhibition and cytotoxic activities of methanol and dichloromethane (DCM) extracts of Bougainvillea glabra (B. glabra) flowers were investigated. Methanol extract was found to have higher total bioactive contents and UHPLC-MS analysis of methanol extract revealed the presence of well-known phenolic and flavonoid compounds. Antioxidant activities were performed by radical scavenging (DPPH and ABTS), reducing power (FRAP and CUPRAC), phosphomolybdenum (TAC) and metal chelating assays. From our result, we observed that methanol extract had many antioxidant compounds. The DCM extract exhibited higher cholinesterases and α-glucosidase enzyme inhibition, while methanol extract showed significant urease inhibition. Both extracts exhibited strong to moderate cytotoxicity against MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, CaSki, DU-145 and SW-480 cancer cells with IC50 values ranging from 88.49 to 304.7 µg/mL. The findings showed the B. glabra to possess considerable antioxidant, enzyme inhibition and cytotoxic potentials and therefore has potential to discover novel bioactive molecules.

Matched MeSH terms: Phytochemicals/isolation & purification
Bougainvillea glabra (choisy): A comprehensive review on botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicity

Saleem H, Usman A, Mahomoodally MF, Ahemad N

J Ethnopharmacol, 2021 Feb 10;266:113356.
PMID: 32956758 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113356

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Bougainvillea glabra (Choisy). (Family: Nyctinaginacea) is a valuable ornamental plant with culinary uses and also utilized in traditional medicine for treating common ailments. It is traditionally employed against several diseases such as diarrhoea, hypotension, intestinal disorders, stomachache, nausea, inflammation-related ailments, and in pain management. Though widely validated via in vitro and in vivo models, to date no endeavour has been made to compile in a single review the traditional, phytochemistry and pharmacological properties of B. glabra.
AIMS: To provide an up-to-date, authoritative review with respect to the traditional uses, chemical composition, in vitro and in vivo pharmacological properties, and toxicological estimations accomplished either utilizing the crude extracts or, wherever applicable, the bioactive compounds isolated from B. glabra. Besides, a critical evaluation of the published literature has been undertaken with regards to the current biochemical and toxicological data.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Key databases per se, Ovid, Pubmed, Science Direct, Scopus, and Google scholar amongst others were probed for a systematic search using keywords to retrieve relevant publications on this plant. A total of 52 articles were included for the review depending on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.
RESULTS: The studies conducted on either crude extracts, solvent fractions or isolated pure compounds from B. glabra had reported a varied range of biological effects comprising antibacterial, antifungal, antidiabetic, cytotoxic, analgesic, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities. Phytochemical analysis of different parts of B. glabra unveiled 105 phytochemicals, belonging to phenolic, flavonoid, betacyanin, terpenoid, glycoside and essential oils classes of secondary metabolites.
CONCLUSION: Most of the pharmacological activities of crude extracts from this plant have been reported. A very few studies have reported the isolation of compounds responsible for observed biological potential of this plant. Moreover, the toxicity studies of this plant still need to be explored comprehensively to ensure its safety parameters. Additional investigations are recommended to transmute the ethnopharmacological claims of this plant species in folklore medicines into scientific rationale-based information.

Matched MeSH terms: Phytochemicals/isolation & purification
Acetylcholinesterase and α-glucosidase inhibitory compounds from Callicarpa maingayi

Ado MA, Maulidiani M, Ismail IS, Ghazali HM, Shaari K, Abas F

Nat Prod Res, 2021 Sep;35(17):2992-2996.
PMID: 31631709 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2019.1679138

Phytochemical investigation on the soluble fractions of n-hexane and dichloromethane of methanolic leaves extract of the Callicarpa maingayi K. & G. led to the isolation of three triterpenoids [euscaphic acid (1), arjunic acid (2), and ursolic acid (3)] together with two flavones [apigenin (4) and acacetin (5)], two phytosterols [stigmasterol 3-O-β-glycopyranoside (6) and sitosterol 3-O-β-glycopyranoside (7)], and a fatty acid [n-hexacosanoic acid (8)]. Six (6) compounds (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 8) are reported for the first time from this species. Their structures were elucidated and identified by extensive NMR techniques, GC-MS and comparison with the previously reported literature. Compound 3 was found to displayed good inhibition against acetylcholinesterase with an IC50 value of 21.5 ± 0.022 μM, while 1 and 2 exhibited pronounced α-glucosidase inhibitory activity with IC50 values of 22.4 ± 0.016 μM and 24.9 ± 0.012 μM, respectively.

Matched MeSH terms: Phytochemicals/isolation & purification