MyMedR

Fulltext Risk of metabolic syndrome among children living in metropolitan Kuala Lumpur: a case control study

Wee BS, Poh BK, Bulgiba A, Ismail MN, Ruzita AT, Hills AP

BMC Public Health, 2011;11:333.

PMID: 21592367 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-11-333

With the increasing prevalence of childhood obesity, the metabolic syndrome has been studied among children in many countries but not in Malaysia. Hence, this study aimed to compare metabolic risk factors between overweight/obese and normal weight children and to determine the influence of gender and ethnicity on the metabolic syndrome among school children aged 9-12 years in Kuala Lumpur and its metropolitan suburbs.

Matched MeSH terms: Urban Population*

Transition of water demand and treatment plant overcapacity: a case study of the Seoul Metropolitan City, Korea

Lee S, Park H

Water Sci Technol, 2010;61(12):3129-40.

PMID: 20555209 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2010.454

This study deals with the overcapacity problem of water treatment plants in Korea, and mainly discusses status, causes, and engineering options. To this end, we first statistically analyze the recent trend of demand, revealing that the demands of small- and mid-size systems are still increasing while that of large-size systems is now decreasing. Since the existing approach to plan capacity implicitly assumes that demand will increase at a regular rate, we estimate excess capacities and system utilizations of large-size systems. From these results it is found that the large-size systems are suffering from serious overcapacity, thus necessitating that engineers make very difficult decisions given that systems are still expanding the capacities of plants due to a lack of awareness of the current demand trend. For other systems where there is a better understanding of the transition of demand, planners have ceased to expand plants or have closed down relatively old plants in efforts to reduce O&M costs. To address this problem, quick recognition of the transition of demand is being highlighted by the concepts of integrated resources management and cybernetics. Therefore, we examined how quickly the new trend of the Seoul case could be precisely recognized and appropriately addressed. Using the Bayesian parameter estimation method, we found that a new trend can be recognized six years after the transition of demand.

Matched MeSH terms: Urban Population*

Mortality risk among recent-onset injection drug users in five U.S. cities

Vlahov D, Wang C, Ompad D, Fuller CM, Caceres W, Ouellet L, et al.

Subst Use Misuse, 2008;43(3-4):413-28.

PMID: 18365941 DOI: 10.1080/10826080701203013

To quantify the risk of death among recent-onset (< 5 years) injection drug users, we enrolled 2089 injection drug users (IDUs) age

Matched MeSH terms: Urban Population/statistics & numerical data*

Hearing risk associated with the usage of personal listening devices among urban high school students in Malaysia

Sulaiman AH, Seluakumaran K, Husain R

Public Health, 2013 Aug;127(8):710-5.

PMID: 23474376 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2013.01.007

To investigate listening habits and hearing risks associated with the use of personal listening devices among urban high school students in Malaysia.

Matched MeSH terms: Urban Population/statistics & numerical data*

Beliefs and practices surrounding postpartum period among Myanmar women

Sein KK

Midwifery, 2013 Nov;29(11):1257-63.

PMID: 23415368 DOI: 10.1016/j.midw.2012.11.012

to examine the postpartum beliefs and practices among young women (15-24 years)

Matched MeSH terms: Urban Population/statistics & numerical data

Fulltext Seroprevalence of Malassezia furfur in an urban population in Malaysia

Chua KB, Devi S, Hooi PS, Chong KH, Phua KL, Mak JW

Malays J Pathol, 2003 Jun;25(1):49-56.

PMID: 16196378

An in-house prepared M. furfur antigen was used to carry out a seroprevalence study in an urban population in Malaysia by indirect immunofluorescence assay. Of the 800 serum samples from all ages screened, 738 samples were positive for M. furfur specific IgG, giving an overall seropositive rate of 92.3%. There was no significant difference in the seropositive rates among the different gender group and races. However, there was a statistical significant difference in the seropositive rate among different age groups with a lower rate (73%) for the age group 5 years old and below, which increased rapidly to 99% for the 16 to 20 years old age group but declined slightly for the oldest age group. The degree of seropositivity, which semi-quantitatively reflect the anti-M. furfur specific IgG titre, did not show any significant difference among the gender and racial groups. On the other hand, there was a significant difference in the degree of seropositivity among the various age groups, with the 16 to 20 years old age group having the highest antibody titre and the extreme of age groups having the lower antibody titre.

Matched MeSH terms: Urban Population*

Physicochemical factors and sources of particulate matter at residential urban environment in Kuala Lumpur

Khan F, Latif MT, Juneng L, Amil N, Mohd Nadzir MS, Syedul Hoque HM

J Air Waste Manag Assoc, 2015 Aug;65(8):958-69.

PMID: 26030827 DOI: 10.1080/10962247.2015.1042094

Long-term measurements (2004-2011) of PM10 (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter <10 μm) and trace gases (carbon monoxide [CO], ozone [O₃], nitrogen oxide [NO], oxides of nitrogen [NO(x)], nitrogen dioxide [NO₂], sulfur dioxide [SO₂], methane [CH₄], nonmethane hydrocarbon [NMHC]) have been conducted to study the effect of physicochemical factors on the PM10 concentration. In addition, this study includes source apportionment of PM10 in Kuala Lumpur urban environment. An advanced principal component analysis (PCA) technique coupled with absolute principal component scores (APCS) and multiple linear regression (MLR) has been applied. The average annual concentration of PM10 for 8 yr is 51.3 ± 25.8 μg m⁻³, which exceeds the Recommended Malaysian Air Quality Guideline (RMAQG) and international guideline values. Detail analysis shows the dependency of PM10 on the linear changes of the motor vehicles in use and the amount of biomass burning, particularly from Sumatra, Indonesia, during southwesterly monsoon. The main sources of PM10 identified by PCA-APCS-MLR are traffic combustion (28%), ozone coupled with meteorological factors (20%), and wind-blown particles (1%). However, the apportionment procedure left 28.0 μg m⁻³, that is, 51% of PM10 undetermined.

Matched MeSH terms: Urban Population*

Sustained growth but non-sustainable urbanisation in Penang, Malaysia

Fold N, Wangel A

Third World Plann Rev, 1998 May;20(2):165-77.

PMID: 12295215

Matched MeSH terms: Urban Population*

Globalisation and inequality in urban South-east Asia

Schmidt JD

Third World Plann Rev, 1998 May;20(2):127-45.

PMID: 12295213

Matched MeSH terms: Urban Population*

The dynamics or urban demographic change in Malaysia: an analysis of the 1991 population census

Chan KE

Asian Geogr, 1995;14(1):58-70.

PMID: 12292933

"This paper examines how and to what extent the three demographic components of urban change, urban reclassification, natural increase and net migration, operated in Malaysia between 1980 and 1991.... Since there is a spatial dimension to urban demographic changes, another emphasis of the paper is to differentiate the areal patterns of such changes. The analysis is conducted at both the national level and sub-national levels." Data are from the Malaysian Department of Statistics. The author finds that "the important role of natural increase in urban population change is remarkable considering that a rapid fertility transition had been unfolding in Malaysia up to the mid-1970s."

Matched MeSH terms: Urban Population*

Urbanization and low-income housing in Malaysia: impact on the urban Malays

Agus MR

Warasan Prachakon Lae Sangkhom, 1990 Jan;2(2):205-21, 242-3.

PMID: 12283536

The focus of this study is on urbanization in Malaysia. "This paper is divided into three parts. The first part examines the trend of uneven urban development in West Malaysia. The second part discusses the change [in] ethnic composition of urban population between 1970 and 1980 intercensal period. The third part analyses the impact of the urbanization process on the Malays in the context of housing problems of the lower income groups." (SUMMARY IN THA)

Matched MeSH terms: Urban Population*

Fulltext Coronary risk factors among Malaysian male executives in two urban areas

Teo PH, Chong YH, Abdul Rahman MZ

Med J Malaysia, 1988 Jun;43(2):125-33.

PMID: 3237128

Matched MeSH terms: Urban Population*

Recent trends in urbanization in the ASEAN region: implications for health programmes

Osteria TS

Nanyang Wenti Yenchiu, 1987.

PMID: 12269204

"This paper examines recent trends in urbanization in four selected ASEAN countries--Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines and Thailand--giving particular attention to the scale and pace of urbanization, the unique features of urban communities, and the health changes and adjustments that accompany urban development in these countries."

Matched MeSH terms: Urban Population*

System of cities dynamics in newly industrializing nations

Meyer DR

Stud Comp Int Dev, 1986;21(1):3-22.

PMID: 12314582

Matched MeSH terms: Urban Population*

Urban squatting and migration in Peninsular Malaysia

Johnstone M

Int Migr Rev, 1983;17(2):291-322.

PMID: 12339134

"This article examines some of the links between the phenomena of urban migration and squatter settlements in the Third World city. This will be done by demonstrating that both are outcomes of fundamental social and political forces that have operated on these societies. Migration and squatting are placed in a context of the historical processes that led to the uneven development of Malaysia. The article offers some explanation for the origin of the inequalities observed in spatial structures--in this case urban housing--by focusing on one of the contributory factors, namely migration."

Matched MeSH terms: Urban Population*

Geohelminth infection of children from rural plantations and urban slums in Malaysia

Kan SP, Guyatt HL, Bundy DA

Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg, 1989 11 1;83(6):817-20.

PMID: 2617652

This study compares levels of geohelminth infection in children living in rural estates and urban slum areas of Malaysia. The statistical characteristics of geohelminth infection in 1499 children from birth up to 15 years of age, living in rural estates, were analysed according to age, sex and ethnic origin and compared with the same statistics for 1574 slum-dwelling children of similar age groups and ethnic origins. The prevalence and intensity of ascariasis and trichuriasis were significantly higher among children from the urban slums. Slum-dwelling ethnic Indians and Malays had higher levels of infection with Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura than their rural counterparts, but the infection status of the ethnic Chinese in the 2 areas was similar. Hookworm infection was similar in both areas, indicating that hookworm infection is neither necessarily nor solely a rural disease. These results suggest that urban slum children are at greater risk of ascariasis and trichuriasis than their rural counterparts.

Matched MeSH terms: Urban Population/statistics & numerical data*

Regional income differences and the definition of income: the case of Malaysia

Davanzo J, Kusnic M

Int Reg Sci Rev, 1984 Sep;9(1):59-73.

PMID: 12339753

"Data from the Malaysian Family Life Survey are used to examine the sensitivity of urban/rural income differentials to the definition and measurement of income. Measured income differentials vary with the extent to which nonmarket activities are included in the scope of income, how the distribution of income is summarized, and whether one adjusts for differences in hours of work, household size and composition, ethnic composition, and other sociodemographic characteristics. For example, depending on the measure chosen, estimates of the amount by which urban income exceeds rural income in Malaysia range from 9 percent to 141 percent."

Matched MeSH terms: Urban Population*

Knowledge and attitude on childhood hearing loss among mothers and mothers-to-be in urban and rural areas in Malaysia

Wong YA, Mukari SZS, Harithasan D, Mazlan R

Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol, 2019 Sep;124:79-84.

PMID: 31174022 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2019.05.040

OBJECTIVES: Maternal knowledge and attitude towards childhood hearing loss play an important role in determining the success of early diagnosis and intervention of hearing loss programs in children. This study aimed to 1) assess the knowledge and attitude of childhood hearing loss among mothers, 2) compare knowledge and attitude of childhood hearing loss in urban and rural mothers, 3) investigate the relationship between knowledge and attitude on childhood hearing loss, and 4) identify socio-demographic factors that influence mothers' knowledge and attitude on childhood hearing loss.

METHOD: A cross-sectional survey was conducted on 362 mothers and mothers-to-be (mean age: 31.9 ± 4.9 years, range: 20-48 years old) recruited from Hospital Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia in Cheras, Kuala Lumpur and two health clinics in Lenggeng, Negeri Sembilan and Beranang, Selangor representing the urban and rural areas respectively. All participants were interviewed in person using a newly developed and reliable questionnaire that tested their knowledge and attitude on childhood hearing loss.

RESULTS: Generally, the majority of mothers had a moderate level of knowledge and positive attitude towards childhood hearing loss. Urban mothers had a significantly higher knowledge than those of the rural area (p urban and rural mothers. In addition, there was no significant relationship found between knowledge and attitude on childhood hearing loss among mothers. Age, race, occupation and education level contributed to the knowledge score significantly (p 

Matched MeSH terms: Urban Population*

Fulltext The role of social support and spiritual wellbeing in predicting suicidal ideation among marginalized adolescents in Malaysia

Ibrahim N, Che Din N, Ahmad M, Amit N, Ghazali SE, Wahab S, et al.

BMC Public Health, 2019 Jun 13;19(Suppl 4):553.

PMID: 31196009 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-6861-7

BACKGROUND: The high number of adolescents and young adults harbouring suicidal ideation, as reported by the Ministry of Health Malaysia, is alarming. This cross-sectional study aims to examine the association between social support and spiritual wellbeing in predicting suicidal ideation among Malaysian adolescents.

METHODS: A total of 176 adolescents in selected urban areas in the states of Wilayah Persekutuan and Selangor were selected. The Suicide Ideation Scale (SIS) was used to measure the level of severity or tendency of suicidal ideation. The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) was used to measure the perceived social support received by the respondent while the Spiritual Wellbeing Scale (SWBS) was used to measure the religious wellbeing (RWB), the existential wellbeing (EWB) and the overall score of spiritual wellbeing (SWB).

RESULTS: The study found that both RWB and EWB showed significant negative correlation with suicidal ideation. Similarly, support from family and friends also showed a negative correlation with suicidal ideation. Further analysis using multiple regressions showed that RWB and SWB, and family support predict suicidal ideation in adolescents.

CONCLUSION: Spiritual wellbeing in combination with family support plays a major role in predicting suicidal ideation. Therefore, intervention for encompassing spirituality and family support may contribute to a more positive outcome in suicidal adolescents.

Matched MeSH terms: Urban Population/statistics & numerical data

Fulltext Environmental risk factors of leptospirosis in urban settings: a systematic review protocol

Abdul Mutalip MH, Mahmud MAF, Lodz NA, Yoep N, Muhammad EN, Ahmad A, et al.

BMJ Open, 2019 01 21;9(1):e023359.

PMID: 30670512 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-023359

INTRODUCTION: Leptospirosis is the most common zoonotic disease that causes morbidity and mortality worldwide. The disease can cause sporadic epidemics and recent epidemics have become more apparent in urban localities. There is lack of documented evidence on the specific risk factors of leptospirosis infection among the urbanites, thereby impeding initiatives for prevention in urban settings. We aim to systematically search published articles and synthesise evidence on the risk factors associated with leptospirosis infection among the susceptible populations in urban localities, particularly to identify the risk factors of non-recreational leptospirosis infection.

METHODS AND ANALYSIS: We will conduct a systematic review of observational studies that investigated environmental risk factors of leptospirosis in urban localities. The search will be performed for any eligible articles from selected electronic databases from 1970 until May 2018. The study will include any studies that investigated risk factors of confirmed leptospirosis cases who acquired the infection in urban locality, particularly exposures from the non-recreational and non-water-related activities. Study selection and reporting will follow the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology guideline. All data will be extracted using a standardised data extraction form and quality of the studies will be assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale guideline. Descriptive and meta-analysis will be performed by calculating the standardised median ORs and risk ratios for types of the non-recreational risk factors stratified by social, living conditions and environmental exposures, types of reservoirs and transmissions and types of activities and employments associated with leptospirosis infection in urban locality.

ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: No primary data will be collected thus no formal ethical approval is required. The results will be disseminated though a peer-reviewed publication and conference presentation.

PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42018090820.

Matched MeSH terms: Urban Population/statistics & numerical data*

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