Displaying publications 581 - 600 of 1140 in total

Abstract:
Sort:
  1. Alcohol consumption in Chinese, Malays and Indians in Singapore
    Hughes K, Yeo PP, Lun KC, Thai AC, Wang KW, Cheah JS
    Ann Acad Med Singap, 1990 May;19(3):330-2.
    PMID: 2393231
    A population based survey has measured alcohol consumption by questionnaire in persons aged 18 to 69 years in Singapore. The majority were "occasional/none" drinkers, being males (Chinese 87%, Malays 99% and Indians 80%) and females (Chinese 98%, Malays 100% and Indians 100%). "Heavy" consumption was uncommon in males (Chinese 0.6%, Malays 0% and Indians 1.3%) and absent in females, while "heavy/moderate" drinking was males (Chinese 5.7%, Malays 0.5% and Indians 3.8%) and females (Chinese 0.3%, Malays 0% and Indians 0%). For males, "light" drinking was highest in Indians (15.9%), then Chinese (7.8%) and then Malays (0.5%). This survey indicates that alcohol consumption is not yet a major public health problem in Singapore.
    Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia/ethnology
  2. Physical activity in Chinese, Malays and Indians in Singapore
    Hughes K, Yeo PP, Lun KC, Thai AC, Wang KW, Cheah JS
    Ann Acad Med Singap, 1990 May;19(3):326-9.
    PMID: 2393230
    A population based survey has measured levels of physical activity by questionnaire in persons aged 18 to 69 years in Singapore. Levels of physical activity were classified into high, medium and low based on activity in leisure and at work. The only ethnic difference was that for males a higher proportion were classified as "high" activity in Malays (24.8%) than Chinese (16.0%) and Indians (18.1%). For the overall 18 to 69 age group, it was found that for males, the proportions in the "low" category were Chinese 80%, Malays 70% and Indians 75% while for females it was 95% in all three ethnic groups. As physical activity of sufficient intensity is important in disease prevention and health promotion, more needs to be done on educating the public in Singapore about the benefits of regular exercise.
    Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia/ethnology
  3. Congenital cleft lip and palate in Singapore
    Fong PH, Yeap CL, Lee ST
    Ann Acad Med Singap, 1983 Apr;12(2 Suppl):363-5.
    PMID: 6625521
    Cleft lip and palate is the most common congenital abnormality seen in the Department of Plastic Surgery, Singapore General Hospital. A total of 461 operative cases seen over a period of 5 years (1977 to 1981) is analysed. There is a relatively high incidence in the Singapore population of 2.0 per 1000 live births. In both cleft lip and cleft palate deformities, there is no significant difference in the sex distribution. The cleft patterns show that 78% of the cases are unilateral clefts, 53% are left sided, 25% are right sided and 22% of the cases are bilateral clefts.
    Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia/ethnology
  4. An epidemiological study of lung functions and hearing acuity in Singapore firemen
    Phoon WO, Ong CN, Foo SC, Plueksawan W
    Ann Acad Med Singap, 1984 Apr;13(2 Suppl):408-16.
    PMID: 6497345
    This study was conducted on 506 firemen in Singapore. Interviews, pulmonary function tests and audiometry were conducted. With regard to pulmonary function, the results showed that forced vital capacity (FVC) increased up to the age of 25-30 years for both Chinese and Malays. Both FVC and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1.0) increased with standing height over the whole age range studied. The mean values of FVC and FEV1.0 were higher in Chinese. It was also found that the FEV1 of the subjects in the study showed a greater decline in rate with age than other workers studied by the authors previously. The hearing threshold of 83 fire fighters showed a prominent upward shift of 6-8 KHz at ages 20-30. This upward shift was more pronounced in the right ear. The implications of the findings are discussed and a comparison with results of other similar studies in other countries is made.
    Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia/ethnology
  5. Extremes of foetal birthweight for gestation in infants of diabetic mothers
    Kek LP, Ng CS, Chng KP, Ratnam SS, Cheah JS, Yeo PB, et al.
    Ann Acad Med Singap, 1985 Apr;14(2):303-6.
    PMID: 4037690
    100 patients were registered at the Diabetic Clinic in 1981, where they were managed by a team of physician, obstetrician and paediatrician, based on a preset protocol. Only 92 patients were eventually analysed. The study showed a 1.3% incidence of pregnancies complicated by diabetes mellitus. The mean birthweights of infants of both gestational and established diabetics were heavier than that of the general population by race and gestation. 25% of the 92 infants of diabetic mothers have birthweight exceeding the 90th centile of population. Further division of the 92 patients into the "true gestational" diabetics, as shown by an oral glucose tolerance test performed 6 weeks post-natally, also showed a 25% incidence of macrosomia. Late antenatal booking, delayed detection of abnormal glucose tolerance and treatment attributed to the high incidence of macrosomia. Only one infant had birthweight below the tenth centile. There were no perinatal mortality in the 92 patients studied. Macrosomia is a common complication in infants of diabetic mothers despite a physician-obstetrician joint-care system. Also, the risk of having macrosomia amongst gestational diabetics is high.
    Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia/ethnology
  6. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) at the DNF15S2 locus in three ethnic groups of Singapore
    Saha N, Tay JS, Carritt B
    Hum Hered, 1990;40(4):250-2.
    PMID: 1974242
    Three different ethnic groups from Singapore comprising 79 Chinese, 34 Malays and 23 Indians of Dravidian origin, were investigated for the HindIII RFLP at the DNF15S2 locus. The three populations had very similar allele frequencies and the frequency of rarer(S) allele was significantly (p less than 0.01) lower (0.21) in these ethnic groups compared to that in Caucasians (0.41). The phenotypic distributions were at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.
    Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia/ethnology
  7. Tissue-type plasminogen activator restriction fragment length polymorphism in the Chinese, Indians and Malays of Singapore
    Saha N
    Hum Hered, 1989;39(6):364-6.
    PMID: 2575596
    A total of 215 subjects comprising 95 Chinese, 66 Malays and 54 Indians were investigated for restriction fragment length polymorphisms of the tissue-type plasminogen activator (PLAT) gene at an EcoRI site using the probe ptPA-4352. The phenotypic distribution showed a good agreement with the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The gene frequencies of PLAT*1 were found to be 0.47 in the Chinese, 0.52 in the Malays and 0.41 in South Indians.
    Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia/ethnology
  8. Mitochondrial malic enzyme polymorphism among different ethnic groups in Singapore
    Bhattacharyya SP, Saha N
    Hum Hered, 1984;34(6):393-5.
    PMID: 6510935
    Mitochondrial malic enzyme (EC 1.1.1.40; MEM) was examined by starch-gel electrophoresis on post-mortem brain samples from 453 unrelated subjects of either sex comprising 161 Chinese, 150 Indians and 113 Malays and 29 from other racial groups. The estimated gene frequencies of MEM1 were found to be 0.7111, 0.6100 and 0.6769 in Chinese, Indians and Malays, respectively. No significant deviation from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was observed in Chinese and Malays. However, there was a significant deviation with a deficiency of heterozygotes among Indians. MES did not show any polymorphism.
    Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia/ethnology
  9. Apolipoprotein A-IV polymorphism in Singapore ethnic groups
    Saha N
    Hum Hered, 1991;41(1):47-52.
    PMID: 2050382
    A total of 627 subjects comprising 455 Chinese, 127 Dravidian Indians and 45 Malays were investigated for serum Apo A-IV polymorphism. The frequency of Apo A-IV*2 was found to be significantly higher (p less than 0.001) in Indians (0.043) compared to that in the Chinese (0.010) and Malays (0.011). The frequency of A-IV*3 was found to be around 0.02 in all the ethnic groups. A low frequency of A-IV*4 (less than 0.01) was observed in the Chinese and Indians. The phenotypic distribution of Apo A-IV was at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in the three ethnic groups.
    Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia/ethnology
  10. A population-based survey of mental disorders in Singapore
    Chong SA, Abdin E, Vaingankar JA, Heng D, Sherbourne C, Yap M, et al.
    Ann Acad Med Singap, 2012 Feb;41(2):49-66.
    PMID: 22498852
    INTRODUCTION: Mental illnesses are not only a growing public health concern but also a major social and economic issue affecting individuals and families throughout the world. The prevalence of mental disorders, the extent of disability caused by these disorders, and services utilisation of these patients has been well studied in developed countries. The aim of this study was to establish the prevalence of select mental disorders and their associated sociodemographic correlates in the adult Singapore resident population.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a cross-sectional, populationbased, epidemiological study of adult Singapore residents aged 18 years and above. The subjects were randomly selected using a disproportionate stratified sampling method. The diagnoses of selected mental disorders including major depressive disorder (MDD), dysthymia, bipolar (bipolar I & II) disorders, generalised anxiety disorder (GAD), obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence were established using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview, which is a fully structured diagnostic instrument that assesses lifetime and 12-month prevalence of mental disorders.

    RESULTS: Among the 6616 respondents (response rate of 75.9%), 12.0% had at least one lifetime affective, anxiety, or alcohol use disorders. The lifetime prevalence of MDD was 5.8% and that of bipolar disorder was 1.2%. The combined lifetime prevalence of the 2 anxiety disorders, GAD and OCD was 3.6%, with the latter being more common than GAD (0.9% and 3.0% respectively). The lifetime prevalence of alcohol abuse and dependence were found to be 3.1% and 0.5% respectively. Age, gender, ethnicity, marital status and chronic physical illnesses were all significant correlates of mental disorders.

    CONCLUSION: The identified associated factors would help guide resource allocation, policy formulation and programme development in Singapore.

    Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia/ethnology
  11. Apolipoprotein H (beta-2-glycoprotein I) polymorphism in Asians
    Saha N, Kamboh MI, Kelly LJ, Ferrell RE, Tay JS
    Hum Biol, 1992 Aug;64(4):617-21.
    PMID: 1644427
    Apolipoprotein H (APOH) (beta-2-glycoprotein I) polymorphism has been studied in 1159 Asians. The sample included 872 Chinese, 179 Asiatic Indians (Dravidian), 91 Filipinos, and 17 Malays. APOH polymorphism was determined by isoelectric focusing of sera in thin-layer polyacrylamide gels containing 3 M urea followed by immunoblotting. The frequencies of the three alleles--APOH*1, APOH*2, and APOH*3--were found to be 0.031, 0.900, and 0.069 in the Chinese; 0.061, 0.866, and 0.073 in the Dravidian Indians; 0.055, 0.923, and 0.022 in the Filipinos; and 0.088, 0.882, and 0.029 in the Malays. The phenotypic distribution was at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in all the populations.
    Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia/ethnology
  12. Why have the peninsular "negritos" remained distinct?
    Benjamin G
    Hum Biol, 2013 Feb-Jun;85(1-3):445-84.
    PMID: 24297237
    The primary focus of this article is on the so-called negritos of Peninsular Malaysia and southern Thailand, but attention is also paid to other parts of Southeast Asia. I present a survey of current views on the "negrito" phenotype--is it single or many? If the phenotype is many (as now seems likely), it must have resulted from parallel evolution in the several different regions where it has been claimed to exist. This would suggest (contrary to certain views that have been expressed on the basis of very partial genetic data) that the phenotype originated recently and by biologically well-authenticated processes from within the neighboring populations. Whole-genome and physical-anthropological research currently support this view. Regardless of whether the negrito phenotype is ancient or recent-and to the extent that it retains any valid biological reality (which is worth questioning)-explanations are still needed for its continued distinctiveness. In the Malay Peninsula, a distinctive "Semang" societal pattern followed by most, but not all, so-called negritos may have been responsible for this by shaping familial, breeding, and demographic patterns to suit the two main modes of environmental appropriation that they have followed, probably for some millennia: nomadic foraging in the forest, and facultative dependence on exchange or labor relations with neighboring populations. The known distribution of "negritos" in the Malay Peninsula is limited to areas within relatively easy reach of archaeologically authenticated premodern transpeninsular trading and portage routes, as well as of other non-negrito, Aslian-speaking populations engaged in swidden farming. This suggests that their continued distinctiveness has resulted from a wish to maintain a complementary advantage vis-à-vis other, less specialized populations. Nevertheless, a significant degree of discordance exists between the associated linguistic, societal-tradition, and biological patterns which suggests that other factors have also been at play.
    Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia/ethnology
  13. Admixture patterns and genetic differentiation in negrito groups from West Malaysia estimated from genome-wide SNP data
    Jinam TA, Phipps ME, Saitou N, Hugo Pan-Asian SNP Consortium
    Hum Biol, 2013 Feb-Jun;85(1-3):173-88.
    PMID: 24297225
    Southeast Asia houses various culturally and linguistically diverse ethnic groups. In Malaysia, where the Malay, Chinese, and Indian ethnic groups form the majority, there exist minority groups such as the "negritos" who are believed to be descendants of the earliest settlers of Southeast Asia. Here we report patterns of genetic substructure and admixture in two Malaysian negrito populations (Jehai and Kensiu), using ~50,000 genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data. We found traces of recent admixture in both the negrito populations, particularly in the Jehai, with the Malay through principal component analysis and STRUCTURE analysis software, which suggested that the admixture was as recent as one generation ago. We also identified significantly differentiated nonsynonymous SNPs and haplotype blocks related to intracellular transport, metabolic processes, and detection of stimulus. These results highlight the different levels of admixture experienced by the two Malaysian negritos. Delineating admixture and differentiated genomic regions should be of importance in designing and interpretation of molecular anthropology and disease association studies.
    Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia/ethnology
  14. Perceived barriers to and ideas for weight control interventions in Malay homemakers: results from focus groups
    Ng LW, Malhotra R, Lai D, Tai ES, Østbye T
    Asia Pac J Public Health, 2015 Mar;27(2):NP552-61.
    PMID: 23482708 DOI: 10.1177/1010539513479966
    To develop a better understanding of perceived barriers to and ideas for weight loss and maintenance among Malay homemakers in Singapore.
    Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia/ethnology
  15. The nutritional status of children in an urban squatter community in Malaysia
    Yap SB, Teoh ST
    Asia Pac J Public Health, 1989;3(4):297-300.
    PMID: 2517875
    An anthropometric assessment was conducted on a sample of 309 children, aged twelve years and below, from an urban squatter community in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The community consists mainly of Malays and Indians and is fairly established with a mean length of residence of about fifteen years. There was not much difference between the two ethnic groups with regard to educational status or income. Most of the residents were unskilled or semiskilled workers employed in factories and government agencies. About 40 percent of the infants and toddlers were found to be wasted, while about one-third of the older children were stunted. There appears to be some association between income per capita and nutritional status.
    Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia/ethnology
  16. Hypertension, hypertension control, and chronic kidney disease in a Malay population in Singapore
    Sabanayagam C, Shankar A, Lim SC, Tai ES, Wong TY
    Asia Pac J Public Health, 2011 Nov;23(6):936-45.
    PMID: 20460283 DOI: 10.1177/1010539510361637
    Studies conducted in Western populations demonstrate that blood pressure (BP) is a major risk factor for chronic kidney disease (CKD). The authors examined the cross-sectional association between BP and CKD in 3280 adults of Malay ethnicity aged 40 to 80 years living in Singapore. CKD was defined as (1) estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of < 60 mL/min/1.73 m(2) and (2) presence of microalbuminuria/macroalbuminuria. They observed a dose-dependent positive association between BP and CKD (P trend < .0001). In multivariable-adjusted analysis, compared with participants with normal BP, the odds ratio (OR; 95% confidence interval [CI]) of eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m(2) was 1.85 (0.95-3.62), 2.95 (1.55-5.64), and 4.96 (2.63-9.37) for prehypertension, and stage 1 and stage 2 hypertension, respectively. Similar results were obtained for microalbuminuria/macroalbuminuria. Stage 2 hypertension had the greatest population-attributable risk of CKD (23%). The strong positive association of hypertension with CKD emphasizes the need to control BP in Asian populations to reduce the burden of kidney disease.
    Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia/ethnology
  17. Fulltext Impact of Hofstede's cultural dimensions on sustainable competitive advantage: The mediating role of entrepreneurial innovativeness among Malaysian ethnic entrepreneurs
    Poulova P, Wang H, Lin S, Wu X, Tehseen S, Liu X
    Acta Psychol (Amst), 2024 Nov;251:104538.
    PMID: 39579499 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2024.104538
    This study investigated the impact of Hofstede cultural dimensions on sustainable competitive advantage with the mediating role of entrepreneurial innovativeness among Malays, Malaysian Chinese, and Malaysian Indian entrepreneurs in the retail industry. This study involved a quantitative approach with standardized questionnaires distributed among target respondents through non-probability sampling techniques, including snowball sampling, quota sampling, and convenience sampling. The data were collected in a cross-sectional setting from Malaysian retail ethnic entrepreneurs. AMOS-SEM and SPSS were used to analyze the data. The findings of this study revealed a positive and significant influence of indulgence, long-term orientation, masculinity, and low power distance on sustainable competitive advantage among Chinese, Malay, and Indian entrepreneurs. Furthermore, the direct effect of entrepreneurial innovativeness was also positive and significant in terms of sustainable competitive advantage among Chinese, Malay, and Indian entrepreneurs. Finally, the indirect effects of collectivism, indulgence, low uncertainty avoidance, low power distance, masculinity, and long-term orientation on sustainable competitive advantage through mediator entrepreneurial innovativeness were positive and significant among Malaysian Chinese. However, in Malay (indulgence) and India (collectivism, low uncertainty avoidance, and low power distance), these were not significant. Our results suggest that academics and businesses should consider how cultural norms of masculinity, long-term orientation, and uncertainty avoidance impact sustainable competitive advantage activities. Rewards encouraging sustainable competitive advantage in one subculture may not promote it in another. Subcultural norms influence entrepreneurs' decisions, expectations, and incentives in a culturally diverse community.
    Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia/ethnology
  18. Work Factors, Work-Family Conflict, the Theory of Planned Behaviour and Healthy Intentions: A Cross-Cultural Study
    Shukri M, Jones F, Conner M
    Stress Health, 2016 Dec;32(5):559-568.
    PMID: 26643961 DOI: 10.1002/smi.2662
    The present study examined the roles of work factors (i.e. job demands and job resources), work-family conflicts and culture on predictors of healthy intentions (fruit and vegetable consumption, low-fat diet and physical activity) within the framework of the theory of planned behaviour (TPB). Employees from the United Kingdom (N = 278) and Malaysia (N = 325) participated in the study. Results indicated that higher job demands were significantly related to lower intentions to eat a low-fat diet. Women reported higher intentions to eat a low-fat diet than men did, while participants from the United Kingdom had lower intentions to engage in physical activity compared with those from Malaysia. The efficacy of TPB variables in explaining intentions was verified, with perceived behavioural control (i.e. self-efficacy), attitudes and descriptive norms combined with past behaviour predictive across the samples. The results also suggest the roles of culture and work interference with family variables in moderating TPB-intention relationships and confirm that TPB variables mediate the effects of job demands and job resources on intentions. Practically, to promote health, identifying strategies to reduce stress factors; specifying important cognitive factors affecting work factors and thus, healthy intentions; and acknowledging cultural-specific determinants of healthy intentions are recommended. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia/ethnology
  19. Fulltext Sociodemographic correlates of unipolar major depression among the Chinese elderly in Klang Valley, Malaysia: an epidemiological study
    Verma RK, Min TH, Chakravarthy S, Barua A, Kar N
    ScientificWorldJournal, 2014;2014:812712.
    PMID: 25544962 DOI: 10.1155/2014/812712
    BACKGROUND: Depression, as one of the most disabling diseases around the world, had caught the global concern with its rising prevalence rate. There is a growing need of detecting depression, particularly in the old age population which is often left being overlooked.
    METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional community-based study which included 150 Chinese elderly aged 60 and above within Klang Valley area. We obtained the sociodemographic profiles and assessed the status of well-being, depression, and cognitive function of the participants with the help of instruments: WHO Five-Item Well-Being Index, Major (ICD-10) Depression Inventory, and 6-Item Cognitive Impairment Test.
    RESULTS: We found that the prevalence of depression among the Chinese elderly within Klang Valley region was 10.7%. With multiple logistic regression, decision to consult doctor on depressed mood or memory problem and presence of cognitive impairment were shown to be significantly associated with unipolar major depression, whereas wellbeing status was also found to be statistically correlated with depression in univariate analysis.
    CONCLUSION: The prevalence of unipolar depression among Chinese elderly within Klang Valley, Malaysia presented that there was an increased trend compared to the previous studies..
    Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia/ethnology
  20. Cultural adaptation and psychometric assessment of Pain Catastrophizing Scale among young healthy Malay-speaking adults in military settings
    Mohd Din FH, Hoe VC, Chan CK, Muslan MA
    Qual Life Res, 2015 May;24(5):1275-80.
    PMID: 25373928 DOI: 10.1007/s11136-014-0850-1
    PURPOSE: The Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) is designed to assess negative thoughts in response to pain. It is composed of three domains: helplessness, rumination, and magnification. We report on the translation, adaptation, and validation of scores on a Malay-speaking version of the PCS, the PCS-MY.

    METHOD: Guidelines for the process of cross-cultural adaptations of assessment measures were implemented. A sample of 303 young military recruits participated in the study. Factor structure, reliability, and validity of scores on the PCS-MY were examined. Convergent validity was investigated with the Positive and Negative Affect Scale, Short-form 12 version 2, and Ryff's Psychological Well-being Scale.

    RESULTS: Most participants were men, ranging in age from 19 to 26. The reliability of the PCS-MY scores was adequate (α = 0.90; mean inter-item correlation = 0.43). Confirmatory factor analysis showed that a modified version of the PCS-MY provided best fit estimates to the sample data. The PCS-MY total score was negatively correlated with mental well-being and positively correlated with negative affect (all ps < 0.001).

    CONCLUSION: The PCS-MY was demonstrated to have adequate reliability and validity estimates in the study sample.

    Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia/ethnology
Related Terms
Filters
Contact Us

Please provide feedback to Administrator (afdal@afpm.org.my)

External Links