Displaying publications 61 - 80 of 83 in total

Abstract:
Sort:
  1. Fulltext Bis[4-(dimethyl-amino)pyridinium] tetra-bromidobis(4-chloro-phen-yl)stannate(IV)-4-bromo-chloro-benzene (1/1)
    Lee SM, Lo KM, Mohd Ali H, Robinson WT
    Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online, 2009;65(Pt 9):m1039.
    PMID: 21577402 DOI: 10.1107/S1600536809030232
    In the title compound, (C(7)H(11)N(2))(2)[SnBr(4)(C(6)H(4)Cl)(2)]·C(6)H(4)BrCl, the Sn(IV) atom in the tetra-bromidobis(4-chloro-phen-yl)stannate(IV) anion lies on a centre of inversion. The distances between the 4-(dimethyl-amino)pyridinium N atom and the Br atoms of the anion are 3.450 (2) and 3.452 (2) Å, suggesting weak hydrogen bonding. The 4-bromo-chloro-benzene solvent mol-ecule, which is a bromination by-product from the reaction, is disordered about a twofold rotation axis with approximately equal occupancy.
  2. Fulltext Tetra-μ(2)-acetato-bis-{μ(2)-5-meth-oxy-2-[(2-morpholinoeth-yl)iminio-meth-yl]phenolato}tricadmium(II)
    Mohd Lair N, Mohd Ali H, Ng SW
    Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online, 2009;65(Pt 8):m1011.
    PMID: 21583308 DOI: 10.1107/S1600536809029171
    The central Cd(II) atom in the trinuclear title compound, [Cd(3)(C(14)H(19)N(2)O(3))(2)(CH(3)COO)(4)], lies on a center of inversion and is bonded to the O atoms of four acetate groups as well as to the phenolate O atoms of the mono-deprotonated Schiff base ligands in a distorted all-trans octa-hedral geometry. Two of the acetate groups function in a μ(2)-bridging mode, while the other two each chelate to the terminal Cd(II) atom and simultaneously bind to the central metal atom in a κ(3)-bonding mode. The Schiff base anions N,O-chelate to the terminal metal atoms. The morpholine ring assumes a chair conformation.
  3. Fulltext (E)-4-Hydr-oxy-N'-(2-hydr-oxy-4-methoxy-benzyl-idene)benzohydrazide monohydrate
    Mohd Lair N, Mohd Ali H, Ng SW
    Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online, 2008;65(Pt 1):o189.
    PMID: 21581643 DOI: 10.1107/S1600536808042888
    The Schiff base mol-ecule of the title compound, C(15)H(14)N(2)O(4)·H(2)O, adopts a trans configuration with respect to the C=N double bond; the Schiff base itself is almost planar (r.m.s. deviation for all non-H atoms = 0.040 Å). The amido N atom is the hydrogen-bond donor to the water mol-ecule, which is the hydrogen-bond donor to the hydr-oxy groups of two neighboring mol-ecules. One of the hydroxyl groups acts as an intra-molecular and the other as an inter-molecular hydrogen-bond donor.
  4. Fulltext [N'-(4-Meth-oxy-2-oxidobenzyl-idene)4-nitro-benzohydrazidato-κO,N,O'](pyridine-κN)copper(II)
    Mohd Lair N, Mohd Ali H, Ng SW
    Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online, 2008;65(Pt 1):m121.
    PMID: 21581485 DOI: 10.1107/S1600536808042803
    The pyridine-coordinated Cu(II) atom in the title Schiff base complex, [Cu(C(15)H(11)N(3)O(5))(C(5)H(5)N)], is O,N,O'-chelated by the doubly deprotonated Schiff base ligand. The metal centre is in a square-planar coordination geometry.
  5. Fulltext Di-μ-thio-cyanato-κN:S;κS:N-bis-({2-morpholino-N-[1-(2-pyrid-yl)ethyl-idene]ethanamine-κN,N',N''}(thio-cyanato-κN)cadmium)
    Suleiman Gwaram N, Ikmal Hisham NA, Khaledi H, Mohd Ali H
    Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online, 2011 Jan 22;67(Pt 2):m251.
    PMID: 21522905 DOI: 10.1107/S1600536811002480
    In the title complex, [Cd(2)(NCS)(4)(C(13)H(19)N(3)O)(2)], the two Cd(II) ions are bridged by a pair of thio-cyanate N:S-bridging ligands around an inversion center. One terminal thio-cyanate N atom and one N,N',N''-tridentate Schiff base ligand complete a distorted CdN(5)S octa-hedral geometry about each Cd(II) atom. In the crystal, the Schiff base aromatic rings of adjacent mol-ecules are arranged above each other into infinite chains along the a axis with alternate centroid-centroid separations of 3.5299 (13) and 3.7857 (13) Å.
  6. Fulltext Aqua-{N,N-dimethyl-N'-[1-(2-pyrid-yl)ethyl-idene]ethane-1,2-diamine-κN,N',N''}bis-(thio-cyanato-κN)nickel(II)
    Suleiman Gwaram N, Saharin SM, Khaledi H, Mohd Ali H
    Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online, 2011 Apr 01;67(Pt 4):m513.
    PMID: 21754017 DOI: 10.1107/S1600536811011512
    In the title compound, [Ni(NCS)(2)(C(11)H(17)N(3))(H(2)O)], the Ni(II) ion is six-coordinated by the N,N',N"-tridentate Schiff base N atoms, two cis-positioned N-bound isothio-cyanate groups and one water mol-ecule. In the crystal, O-H⋯S hydrogen bonds link adjacent mol-ecules into infinite layers parallel to the ac plane. The layers are further connected into a three-dimensional network via C-H⋯π inter-actions. The -CH(2)-N(CH(3))(2) fragment is disordered over two sets of sites in a 0.556 (5):0.444 (5) ratio.
  7. Fulltext Aqua-{2-morpholino-N-[1-(2-pyrid-yl)ethyl-idene]ethanamine-κN,N',N''}bis-(thio-cyanato-κN)cobalt(II)
    Suleiman Gwaram N, Ikmal Hisham NA, Khaledi H, Mohd Ali H
    Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online, 2011 Jan 15;67(Pt 2):m205.
    PMID: 21522869 DOI: 10.1107/S160053681100136X
    In the title complex, [Co(NCS)(2)(C(13)H(19)N(3)O)(H(2)O)], the Co(II) ion is six-coordinated by the N,N',N''-tridentate Schiff base, the N atoms of two thio-cyanate ligands and one water mol-ecule in a distorted octa-hedral geometry. Intra-molecular C-H⋯N and C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds occur. In the crystal, inter-molecular O-H⋯O, O-H⋯S, C-H⋯S and S⋯S [3.5546 (18) Å] inter-actions result in an infinite three-dimensional network.
  8. Fulltext Aqua-{2-morpholino-N-[1-(2-pyrid-yl)ethyl-idene]ethanamine-κN,N',N''}bis-(thio-cyanato-κN)nickel(II)
    Suleiman Gwaram N, Ikmal Hisham NA, Khaledi H, Mohd Ali H
    Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online, 2010 Dec 24;67(Pt 1):m108.
    PMID: 21522521 DOI: 10.1107/S1600536810052578
    In the title compound, [Ni(NCS)(2)(C(13)H(19)N(3)O)(H(2)O)], the Ni(II) ion is six-coordinated by the N,N',N''-tridentate Schiff base, the N atoms of two thio-cyanate ligands and one water O atom in a distorted octa-hedral geometry. Intra-molecular C-H⋯N and C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds occur. In the crystal, O-H⋯S, O-H⋯O and C-H⋯S hydrogen bonds link adjacent mol-ecules into layers parallel to the ac plane.
  9. Fulltext (E)-4-Hydr-oxy-N'-(2-hydr-oxy-4-methoxy-benzyl-idene)benzohydrazide N,N-dimethyl-formamide solvate
    Mohd Lair N, Mohd Ali H, Ng SW
    Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online, 2008 Dec 20;65(Pt 1):o190.
    PMID: 21581645 DOI: 10.1107/S160053680804289X
    The Schiff base mol-ecule of the title compound, C(15)H(14)N(2)O(4)·C(3)H(7)NO, adopts a trans configuration with respect to the C=N double bond; the Schiff base itself is nearly planar (r.m.s. deviation 0.20 Å). The amido N atom is a hydrogen-bond donor to the dimethyl-formamide solvate mol-ecule. One of the hydr-oxy groups forms an intra-molecular hydrogen bond to the N atom of the C=N double bond, whereas the other forms an inter-molecular hydrogen bond to the carbonyl group.
  10. Fulltext Pulchrin A, a New Natural Coumarin Derivative of Enicosanthellum pulchrum, Induces Apoptosis in Ovarian Cancer Cells via Intrinsic Pathway
    Nordin N, Fadaeinasab M, Mohan S, Mohd Hashim N, Othman R, Karimian H, et al.
    PLoS One, 2016;11(5):e0154023.
    PMID: 27136097 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154023
    Drug resistance presents a challenge in chemotherapy and has attracted research interest worldwide and particular attention has been given to natural compounds to overcome this difficulty. Pulchrin A, a new compound isolated from natural products has demonstrated novel potential for development as a drug. The identification of pulchrin A was conducted using several spectroscopic techniques such as nuclear magnetic resonance, liquid chromatography mass spectrometer, infrared and ultraviolet spectrometry. The cytotoxicity effects on CAOV-3 cells indicates that pulchrin A is more active than cisplatin, which has an IC50 of 22.3 μM. Significant changes in cell morphology were present, such as cell membrane blebbing and formation of apoptotic bodies. The involvement of phosphatidylserine (PS) in apoptosis was confirmed by Annexin V-FITC after a 24 h treatment. Apoptosis was activated through the intrinsic pathway by activation of procaspases 3 and 9 as well as cleaved caspases 3 and 9 and ended at the executioner pathway, with the occurrence of DNA laddering. Apoptosis was further confirmed via gene and protein expression levels, in which Bcl-2 protein was down-regulated and Bax protein was up-regulated. Furthermore, the CAOV-3 cell cycle was disrupted at the G0/G1 phase, leading to apoptosis. Molecular modeling of Bcl-2 proteins demonstrated a high- binding affinity, which inhibited the function of Bcl-2 proteins and led to cell death. Results of the current study can shed light on the development of new therapeutic agents, particularly, human ovarian cancer treatments.
  11. Fulltext Ultrastructural Study on the Antibacterial Activity of Artonin E versus Streptomycin against Staphylococcus aureus Strains
    Zajmi A, Mohd Hashim N, Noordin MI, Khalifa SA, Ramli F, Mohd Ali H, et al.
    PLoS One, 2015;10(6):e0128157.
    PMID: 26030925 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0128157
    Staphylococci are facultative anaerobes, perfectly spherical un-encapsulated cocci, with a diameter not exceeding 1 micrometer in diameter. Staphylococcus aureus are generally harmless and remain confined to the skin unless they burrow deep into the body, causing life-threatening infections in bones, joints, bloodstream, heart valves and lungs. Among the 20 medically important staphylococci species, Staphylococcus aureus is one of the emerging human pathogens. Streptomycin had its highest potency against Staphylococcus infections despite the likelihood of getting a resistant type of staphylococcus strains. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) is the persister type of Staphylococcus aureus and was evolved after decades of antibiotic misuse. Inadequate penetration of the antibiotic is one of the principal factors related to success/failure of the therapy. The active drug needs to reach the bacteria at concentrations necessary to kill or suppress the pathogen's growth. In turn the effectiveness of the treatment relied on the physical properties of Staphylococcus aureus. Thus understanding the cell integrity, shape and roughness is crucial to the overall influence of the therapeutic agent on S. aureus of different origins. Hence our experiments were designed to clarify ultrastructural changes of S. aureus treated with streptomycin (synthetic compound) in comparison to artonin E (natural compound). In addition to the standard in vitro microbial techniques, we used transmission electron microscopy to study the disrupted cell architecture under antibacterial regimen and we correlate this with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to compare results of both techniques.
  12. Fulltext Chemopreventive Activity of Ferulago angulate against Breast Tumor in Rats and the Apoptotic Effect of Polycerasoidin in MCF7 Cells: A Bioassay-Guided Approach
    Karimian H, Fadaeinasab M, Zorofchian Moghadamtousi S, Hajrezaei M, Razavi M, Safi SZ, et al.
    PLoS One, 2015;10(5):e0127434.
    PMID: 25996383 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127434
    Ferulago angulata leaf hexane extract (FALHE) was found to be a potent inducer of MCF7 cell apoptosis. The aims of the present study were to investigate the in vivo chemopreventive effect of FALHE in rats, to identify the contributing anticancer compound in FALHE and to determine its potential mechanism of action against MCF7 cells. Thirty rats harboring LA7-induced breast tumors were divided into five groups: tumor control, low-dose FALHE, high-dose FALHE, treatment control (tamoxifen) and normal control. Breast tissues were then subjected to histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses. A bioassay-guided investigation on FALHE was performed to identify the cytotoxic compound and its mechanism of action through flow cytometry, real-time qPCR and western blotting analyses. An in vivo study showed that FALHE suppressed the expression of the tumor markers PCNA and Ki67. The tumor size was reduced from 2031 ± 281 mm3 to 432 ± 201 mm3 after FALHE treatment. FALHE administration induced apoptosis in breast tumor cells, and this was confirmed by high expression levels of Bax, p53 and caspase 3. Cell cycle arrest was suggested by the expression of p21 and p27. The in vitro experimental results resulted in the isolation of polycerasoidin as a bioactive ingredient of FALHE with an IC50 value of 3.16 ± 0.31 μg/ml against MCF7 cells. Polycerasoidin induced mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis in breast cancer cells via caspase activation and changes in the mRNA and protein expression of Bax and Bcl-2. In addition, flow cytometric analysis demonstrated that the treated MCF7 cells were arrested at the G1 phase, and this was associated with the up-regulation of p21 and p27 at both the mRNA and protein levels. The results of the present study reinforce further investigations scrutinizing the promising potential of the F. angulata chemical constituents as breast cancer chemopreventive agents.
  13. Fulltext Chemoprevention of Colonic Aberrant Crypt Foci by Novel Schiff Based Dichlorido(4-Methoxy-2-{[2-(Piperazin-4-Ium-1-Yl)Ethyl]Iminomethyl}Phenolate)Cd Complex in Azoxymethane-Induced Colorectal Cancer in Rats
    Hajrezaie M, Shams K, Moghadamtousi SZ, Karimian H, Hassandarvish P, Emtyazjoo M, et al.
    Sci Rep, 2015 Jul 23;5:12379.
    PMID: 26201720 DOI: 10.1038/srep12379
    Schiff-based complexes as a source of cancer chemotherapeutic compounds have been subjected to the variety of anticancer studies. The in-vitro analysis confirmed the CdCl2(C14H21N3O2) complex possess cytotoxicity and apoptosis induction properties in colon cancer cells, so lead to investigate the inhibitory efficiency of the compound on colonic aberrant crypt foci (ACF). Five groups of adult male rats were used in this study: Vehicle, cancer control, positive control groups and the groups treated with 25 and 50 mg/kg of complex for 10 weeks. The rats in vehicle group were injected subcutaneously with 15 mg/kg of sterile normal saline once a week for 2 weeks and orally administered with 5% Tween-20 (5 ml/kg) for 10 weeks, other groups were injected subcutaneously with 15 mg/kg azoxymethane once a week for 2 weeks. The rats in positive groups were injected intra-peritoneally with 35 mg/kg 5-Flourouracil four times in a month. Administration of the complex suppressed total colonic ACF formation up to 73.4% (P 
  14. Fulltext Synthesis, characterization and apoptotic activity of quinazolinone Schiff base derivatives toward MCF-7 cells via intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis pathways
    Zahedifard M, Faraj FL, Paydar M, Yeng Looi C, Hajrezaei M, Hasanpourghadi M, et al.
    Sci Rep, 2015 Jun 25;5:11544.
    PMID: 26108872 DOI: 10.1038/srep11544
    The current study investigated the cytotoxic effect of 3-(5-chloro-2-hydroxybenzylideneamino)-2-(5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)-2,3-dihydroquinazolin-41(H)-one (A) and 3-(5-nitro-2-hydroxybenzylideneamino)-2-(5-nitro-2-hydroxyphenyl)-2,3-dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-one (B) on MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, MCF-10A and WRL-68 cells. The mechanism involved in apoptosis was assessed to evaluate the possible pathways induced by compound A and B. MTT assay results using A and B showed significant inhibition of MCF-7 cell viability, with IC50 values of 3. 27 ± 0.171 and 4.36 ± 0.219 μg/mL, respectively, after a 72 hour treatment period. Compound A and B did not demonstrate significant cytotoxic effects towards MDA-MB-231, WRL-68 and MCF-10A cells. Acute toxicity tests also revealed an absence of toxic effects on mice. Fluorescent microscopic studies confirmed distinct morphological changes (membrane blebbing and chromosome condensation) corresponding to typical apoptotic features in treated MCF-7 cells. Using Cellomics High Content Screening (HCS), we found that compound A and B could trigger the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria to the cytosol. The release of cytochrome c activated the expression of caspases-9 and then stimulated downstream executioner caspase-3/7. In addition, caspase-8 showed remarkable activity, followed by inhibition of NF-κB activation in A-and B-treated MCF-7 cells. The results indicated that A and B could induce apoptosis via a mechanism that involves either extrinsic or intrinsic pathways.
  15. Fulltext (6E,10E) Isopolycerasoidol and (6E,10E) Isopolycerasoidol Methyl Ester, Prenylated Benzopyran Derivatives from Pseuduvaria monticola Induce Mitochondrial-Mediated Apoptosis in Human Breast Adenocarcinoma Cells
    Taha H, Looi CY, Arya A, Wong WF, Yap LF, Hasanpourghadi M, et al.
    PLoS One, 2015;10(5):e0126126.
    PMID: 25946039 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126126
    Phytochemicals from Pseuduvaria species have been reported to display a wide range of biological activities. In the present study, a known benzopyran derivative, (6E,10E) isopolycerasoidol (1), and a new benzopyran derivative, (6E,10E) isopolycerasoidol methyl ester (2), were isolated from a methanol extract of Pseuduvaria monticola leaves. The structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic methods including 1D and 2D NMR, IR, UV, and LCMS-QTOF, and by comparison with previously published data. The anti-proliferative and cytotoxic effects of these compounds on human breast cancer cell-lines (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231) and a human normal breast epithelial cell line (MCF-10A) were investigated. MTT results revealed both (1) and (2) were efficient in reducing cell viability of breast cancer cells. Flow cytometry analysis demonstrated that (1) and (2) induced cell death via apoptosis, as demonstrated by an increase in phosphotidylserine exposure. Both compounds elevated ROS production, leading to reduced mitochondrial membrane potential and increased plasma membrane permeability in breast cancer cells. These effects occurred concomitantly with a dose-dependent activation of caspase 3/7 and 9, a down-regulation of the anti-apoptotic gene BCL2 and the accumulation of p38 MAPK in the nucleus. Taken together, our data demonstrate that (1) and (2) induce intrinsic mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis in human breast cancer cells, which provides the first pharmacological evidence for their future development as anticancer agents.
  16. Fulltext Kelussia odoratissima Mozaff. activates intrinsic pathway of apoptosis in breast cancer cells associated with S phase cell cycle arrest via involvement of p21/p27 in vitro and in vivo
    Karimian H, Arya A, Fadaeinasab M, Razavi M, Hajrezaei M, Karim Khan A, et al.
    Drug Des Devel Ther, 2017;11:337-350.
    PMID: 28203057 DOI: 10.2147/DDDT.S121518
    BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate the anticancer potential of Kelussia odoratissima. Several in vitro and in vivo biological assays were applied to explore the direct effect of an extract and bioactive compound of this plant against breast cancer cells and its possible mechanism of action.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: K. odoratissima methanol extract (KME) was prepared, and MTT assay was used to evaluate the cytotoxicity. To identify the cytotoxic compound, a bioassay-guided investigation was performed on methanol extract. 8-Hydroxy-ar-turmerone was isolated as a bioactive compound. In vivo study was performed in the breast cancer rat model. LA7 cell line was used to induce the breast tumor. Histopathological and expression changes of PCNA, Bcl-2, Bax, p27 and p21 and caspase-3 were examined. The induction of apoptosis was tested using Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) assay. To confirm the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis, caspase-7 and caspase-9 assays were utilized. In addition, cell cycle arrest was evaluated.

    RESULTS: Our results demonstrated that K. odoratissima has an obvious effect on the arrest of proliferation of cancer cells. It induced apoptosis, transduced the cell death signals, decreased the threshold of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), upregulated Bax and downregulated Bcl-2.

    CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that K. odoratissima exhibits antitumor activity against breast cancer cells via cell death and cell cycle arrest.

  17. Fulltext Methanol leaf extract ofActinodaphne sesquipedalis(Lauraceae) enhances gastric defense against ethanol-induced ulcer in rats
    Omar H, Nordin N, Hassandarvish P, Hajrezaie M, Azizan AHS, Fadaeinasab M, et al.
    Drug Des Devel Ther, 2017;11:1353-1365.
    PMID: 28496305 DOI: 10.2147/DDDT.S120564
    Actinodaphne sesquipedalis
    Hook. F. Var. Glabra (Kochummen), also known as "Medang payung" by the Malay people, belongs to the Lauraceae family. In this study, methanol leaf extract ofA. sesquipedaliswas investigated for their acute toxicity and gastroprotective effects to reduce ulcers in rat stomachs induced by ethanol. The rats were assigned to one of five groups: normal group (group 1), ulcer group (group 2), control positive drug group (group 3) and two experimental groups treated with 150 mg/kg (group 4) and 300 mg/kg (group 5) of leaf extract. The rats were sacrificed an hour after pretreatment with extracts, and their stomach homogenates and tissues were collected for further evaluation. Macroscopic and histological analyses showed that gastric ulcers in rats pretreated with the extract were significantly reduced to an extent that it allowed leukocytes penetration of the gastric walls compared with the ulcer group. In addition, an ulcer inhibition rate of >70% was detected in rats treated with both doses ofA. sesquipedalisextract, showing a notable protection of gastric layer. Severe destruction of gastric mucosa was prevented with a high production of mucus and pH gastric contents in both omeprazole-treated and extract-treated groups. Meanwhile, an increase in glycoprotein uptake was observed in pretreated rats through accumulation of magenta color in Periodic Acid Schiff staining assay. Analysis of gastric homogenate from pretreated rats showed a reduction of malondialdehyde and elevation of nitric oxide, glutathione, prostaglandin E2, superoxide dismutase and protein concentration levels in comparison with group 2. Suppression of apoptosis in gastric tissues by upregulation of Hsp70 protein and downregulation of Bax protein was also observed in rats pretreated with extract. Consistent results of a reduction of gastric ulcer and the protection of gastric wall were obtained for rats pretreated withA. sesquipedalisextract, which showed its prominent gastroprotective potential in rats' stomach against ethanol-induced ulcer.
  18. Fulltext Identification of 5-Methoxy-2-(Diformylmethylidene)-3,3-Dimethylindole as an Anti-Influenza A Virus Agent
    Tan MC, Wong WY, Ng WL, Yeo KS, Mohidin TB, Lim YY, et al.
    PLoS One, 2017;12(1):e0170352.
    PMID: 28114392 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170352
    Influenza virus is estimated to cause 3-5 million severe complications and about 250-500 thousand deaths per year. Different kinds of anti-influenza virus drugs have been developed. However, the emergence of drug resistant strains has presented a big challenge for efficient antiviral therapy. Indole derivatives have been shown to exhibit both antiviral and anti-inflammatory activities. In this study, we adopted a cell-based system to screen for potential anti-IAV agents. Four indole derivatives (named 525A, 526A, 527A and 528A) were subjected to the antiviral screening, of which 526A was selected for further investigation. We reported that pre-treating cells with 526A protects cells from IAV infection. Furthermore, 526A inhibits IAV replication by inhibiting the expression of IAV genes. Interestingly, 526A suppresses the activation of IRF3 and STAT1 in host cells and thus represses the production of type I interferon response and cytokines in IAV-infected cells. Importantly, 526A also partially blocks the activation of RIG-I pathway. Taken together, these results suggest that 526A may be a potential anti-influenza A virus agent.
  19. Fulltext Palm tocotrienol supplementation enhanced bone formation in oestrogen-deficient rats
    Soelaiman IN, Ming W, Abu Bakar R, Hashnan NA, Mohd Ali H, Mohamed N, et al.
    Int J Endocrinol, 2012;2012:532862.
    PMID: 23150728 DOI: 10.1155/2012/532862
    Postmenopausal osteoporosis is the commonest cause of osteoporosis. It is associated with increased free radical activity induced by the oestrogen-deficient state. Therefore, supplementation with palm-oil-derived tocotrienols, a potent antioxidant, should be able to prevent this bone loss. Our earlier studies have shown that tocotrienol was able to prevent and even reverse osteoporosis due to various factors, including oestrogen deficiency. In this study we compared the effects of supplementation with palm tocotrienol mixture or calcium on bone biomarkers and bone formation rate in ovariectomised (oestrogen-deficient) female rats. Our results showed that palm tocotrienols significantly increased bone formation in oestrogen-deficient rats, seen by increased double-labeled surface (dLS/Bs), reduced single-labeled surface (sLS/BS), increased mineralizing surface (MS/BS), increased mineral apposition rate (MAR), and an overall increase in bone formation rate (BFR/BS). These effects were not seen in the group supplemented with calcium. However, no significant changes were seen in the serum levels of the bone biomarkers, osteocalcin, and cross-linked C-telopeptide of type I collagen, CTX. In conclusion, palm tocotrienol is more effective than calcium in preventing oestrogen-deficient bone loss. Further studies are needed to determine the potential of tocotrienol as an antiosteoporotic agent.
  20. Fulltext Acute toxicity and gastroprotection studies of a new schiff base derived copper (II) complex against ethanol-induced acute gastric lesions in rats
    Hajrezaie M, Golbabapour S, Hassandarvish P, Gwaram NS, A Hadi AH, Mohd Ali H, et al.
    PLoS One, 2012;7(12):e51537.
    PMID: 23251568 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051537
    BACKGROUND: Copper is an essential element in various metabolisms. The investigation was carried out to evaluate acute gastroprotective effects of the Copper (II) complex against ethanol-induced superficial hemorrhagic mucosal lesions in rats.

    METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Rats were divided into 7 groups. Groups 1 and 2 were orally administered with Tween 20 (10% v/v). Group 3 was orally administered with 20 mg/kg omeprazole (10% Tween 20). Groups 4-7 received 10, 20, 40, and 80 mg/kg of the complex (10% Tween 20), respectively. Tween 20 (10% v/v) was given orally to group 1 and absolute ethanol was given orally to groups 2-7, respectively. Rats were sacrificed after 1 h. Group 2 exhibited severe superficial hemorrhagic mucosal lesions. Gastric wall mucus was significantly preserved by the pre-treatment complex. The results showed a significant increase in glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), nitric oxide (NO), and Prostaglandin E2 (PGE(2)) activities and a decrease in malondialdehyde (MDA) level. Histology showed marked reduction of hemorrhagic mucosal lesions in groups 4-7. Immunohistochemical staining showed up-regulation of Hsp70 and down-regulation of Bax proteins. PAS staining of groups 4-7 showed intense stain uptake of gastric mucosa. The acute toxicity revealed the non-toxic nature of the compound.

    CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: The gastroprotective effect of the Copper (II) complex may possibly be due to preservation of gastric wall mucus; increase in PGE(2) synthesis; GSH, SOD, and NO up-regulation of Hsp70 protein; decrease in MDA level; and down-regulation of Bax protein.

Related Terms
    Try searching for something
Filters
Contact Us

Please provide feedback to Administrator (afdal@afpm.org.my)

External Links