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Fulltext Epitrochlear lymphadenitis mimicking subcutaneous abscess

Ong SCL, Tang PP

BMJ Case Rep, 2018 Feb 14;2018.
PMID: 29444798 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2017-223669
Matched MeSH terms: Lymph Nodes/pathology
Role of inguinal and pelvic lymph node dissection for primary urethral carcinoma: a systematic review

Kochergin M, Fahmy O, Asimakopoulos AD, Gakis G

Curr Opin Urol, 2023 Jul 01;33(4):288-293.
PMID: 37158221 DOI: 10.1097/MOU.0000000000001101

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Primary urethral carcinoma (PUC) is a rare urologic tumor. There is limited evidence on this entity. This review summarizes the existing evidence on lymph node dissection (LND) in patients with PUC.
RECENT FINDINGS: We performed a systematic search of the PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases to evaluate the impact of inguinal and pelvic LND on the oncological outcomes of PUC and to identify indications for this procedure.
RESULTS: Three studies met the inclusion criteria. The cancer detection rate in clinically nonpalpable inguinal lymph node (cN0) was 9% in men and 25% in women. In clinically palpable lymph node (cN+), the malignancy rate was 84% and 50% in men and women, respectively. Overall cancer detection rate in pelvic lymph nodes in patients with cN0 was 29%. Based on tumor stage, the detection rate was 11% in cT1-2 N0 and 37% in cT3-4 N0. Nodal disease was associated with higher recurrence and worse survival. Pelvic LND seems to improve overall survival for patients with LND regardless of the location or stage of lymph nodes. Inguinal LND improved overall survival only in patients with palpable lymph nodes. Inguinal LND had no survival benefit in patients with nonpalpable lymph nodes.
SUMMARY: The available, albeit scarce, data suggest that inguinal LND derives the highest benefit in women and in patients with palpable inguinal nodes, whereas the benefit of pelvic LND seems to be more pronounced across all stages of invasive PUC. Prospective studies are urgently needed to further address the prognostic benefit of locoregional LND in PUC.

Matched MeSH terms: Lymph Nodes/pathology
The diagnosis of lung cancer in the era of interventional pulmonology

Liam CK, Lee P, Yu CJ, Bai C, Yasufuku K

Int J Tuberc Lung Dis, 2021 01 01;25(1):6-15.
PMID: 33384039 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.20.0588

Advances in bronchoscopic and other interventional pulmonology technologies have expanded the sampling procedures pulmonologist can use to diagnose lung cancer and accurately stage the mediastinum. Among the modalities available to the interventional pulmonologist are endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needles aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) and transoesophageal bronchoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-B-FNA) for sampling peribronchial/perioesophageal central lesions and for mediastinal lymph node staging, as well as navigational bronchoscopy and radial probe endobronchial ultrasound (RP-EBUS) for the diagnosis of peripheral lung cancer. The role of the interventional pulmonologist in this setting is to apply these procedures based on the correct interpretation of clinical and radiological findings in order to maximise the chances of achieving the diagnosis and obtaining sufficient tissue for molecular biomarker testing to guide targeted therapies for advanced non-small cell lung cancer. The safest and the highest diagnosis-yielding modality should be chosen to avoid a repeat sampling procedure if the first one is non-diagnostic. The choice of site and biopsy modality are influenced by tumour location, patient comorbidities, availability of equipment and local expertise. This review provides a concise state-of-the art account of the interventional pulmonology procedures in the diagnosis and staging of lung cancer.

Matched MeSH terms: Lymph Nodes/pathology
Isolated cervical lymph node sarcoidosis: a diagnostic challenge of a case report

Lim CC, Ghauth S, Liew YT, Bakar MZBA, Narayanan PAL

Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol, 2023 Feb;280(2):925-927.
PMID: 36592173 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-022-07808-7

BACKGROUND: Sarcoidosis is a granulomatous disorder involving multi-systemic organs. Patients invariably have lung involvement but some may have extrapulmonary disease. Rarely, cervical lymphadenopathy is the only sign without mediastinal or pulmonary abnormalities.
CASE PRESENTATION: We report a Malay male who complained of neck swelling exclusively. On imaging, multiple enlarged cervical lymph nodes deep to the sternocleidomastoid muscle were seen. An excision biopsy revealed non-caseating granulomas with epithelioid macrophages. Extensive investigations led to the diagnosis of isolated cervical lymph node sarcoidosis.
CONCLUSIONS: Sarcoidosis can present as cervical lymphadenopathy alone, without mediastinal or lung disease. The presence of epithelioid granulomas on histopathology warrants the exclusion of other granulomatous diseases. Isolated cervical lymph node sarcoidosis is only diagnosed in the presence of consistent clinical and radiological findings. In this case, close monitoring for systemic sarcoidosis is important as it can manifest later in life.

Matched MeSH terms: Lymph Nodes/pathology
Fulltext High-risk cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC): Challenges and emerging therapies

Halim AS, Ramasenderan N

Asian J Surg, 2023 Jan;46(1):47-51.
PMID: 35545474 DOI: 10.1016/j.asjsur.2022.04.079

Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) is a common type of skin malignancy that affects people who have been exposed to sunlight for a long time. It has been associated to a high mutational load, making treatment problematic, especially for individuals with high-risk CSCC characteristics. Patients with high-risk CSCC are difficult to define since definitions are still imprecise. Firstly, we review the evidence to see how relevant locoregional involvement is in terms of patient survival and recurrence risk. Second, we go through the difficulties and obstacles that come with sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) and their importance in the management of locally progressed CSCC. Methods and findings from a variety of lymph node investigations are described. There is yet no empirical evidence for the involvement of SLNB in CSCC. Finally, we discussed the most recent developments in the treatment of CSCC. The mainstays of treatment are surgery and radiation. To slow the disease progression, cancer medicines have switched to disrupting particular signaling pathways. Advanced nations have more easily accessible drugs like Cetuximab (epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor) and Cemiplimab (anti-programme receptor-1 antibodies), which are utilized in advanced CSCC. The response rate varies based on the patient, although there is still a lack of proof. This article discusses the misconception that CSCC is a tumor with a favorable prognosis, as well as the difficulties in treating high-risk CSCC.

Matched MeSH terms: Lymph Nodes/pathology
Fulltext Angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy--a fulminant case

Mohamed KN

Singapore Med J, 1991 Aug;32(4):276-8.
PMID: 1776012

A 60 year old male presented with pruritus, excoriations and enlargement of several groups of lymph nodes associated with constitutional symptoms following the intake of an aspirin preparation. Lymph node biopsy established the diagnosis of angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy. The need to be aware of this condition is highlighted when patients present with clinical features suspicious of lymphoma.

Matched MeSH terms: Lymph Nodes/pathology