MyMedR

Fulltext Optimization of ultrasound-assisted extraction of flavonoid compounds and their pharmaceutical activity from curry leaf (Murraya koenigii L.) using response surface methodology

Ghasemzadeh A, Jaafar HZ, Karimi E, Rahmat A

BMC Complement Altern Med, 2014;14:318.

PMID: 25169626 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-318

Extraction prior to component analysis is the primary step in the recovery and isolation of bioactive phytochemicals from plant materials.

Matched MeSH terms: Plant Leaves/chemistry*

Fulltext Standardized extract of Ficus deltoidea stimulates insulin secretion and blocks hepatic glucose production by regulating the expression of glucose-metabolic genes in streptozitocin-induced diabetic rats

Farsi E, Ahmad M, Hor SY, Ahamed MB, Yam MF, Asmawi MZ, et al.

BMC Complement Altern Med, 2014 07 04;14:220.

PMID: 24993916 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-220

BACKGROUND: Recently, there has been increasing interest in Ficus deltoidea Jack. (Moraceae) due to its chemical composition and the potential health benefits. The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of extracts of F. deltoidea leaves on diabetes.

METHODS: The petroleum ether, chloroform and methanol extracts of F. deltoidea were prepared and subjected to standardization using preliminary phytochemical and HPLC analysis. Dose selection was made on the basis of acute oral toxicity study (50-5000 mg/kg b. w.) as per OECD guidelines. Diabetes mellitus was induced with streptozotocin and rats found diabetic were orally administered with the extract (250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg) for 14 days. Levels of blood glucose and insulin were measured in control as well as diabetic rats on 0, 7 and 14th day. In addition, glucose metabolism regulating gene expression was assessed using RT-PCR.

RESULTS: HPLC analysis revealed that the methanol extract is enriched with C-glycosylflavones particularly, vitexin and isovitexin. In oral glucose tolerance test, oral administration of the methanol extract increased the glucose tolerance. The methanol extract showed significant (P

Matched MeSH terms: Plant Leaves/chemistry

Fulltext In vitro and ex-vivo cellular antioxidant protection and cognitive enhancing effects of an extract of Polygonum minus Huds (Lineminus™) demonstrated in a Barnes Maze animal model for memory and learning

George A, Ng CP, O'Callaghan M, Jensen GS, Wong HJ

BMC Complement Altern Med, 2014;14:161.

PMID: 24886679 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-161

Polygonum minus Huds.is a culinary flavouring that is common in South East Asian cuisine and as a remedy for diverse maladies ranging from indigestion to poor eyesight. The leaves of this herb have been reported to be high in antioxidants. Flavonoids which have been associated with memory, cognition and protection against neurodegeneration were found in P. minus.

Matched MeSH terms: Plant Leaves/drug effects

Fulltext Antinociceptive activity of methanolic extract of Muntingia calabura leaves: further elucidation of the possible mechanisms

Zakaria ZA, Mohd Sani MH, Cheema MS, Kader AA, Kek TL, Salleh MZ

BMC Complement Altern Med, 2014;14:63.

PMID: 24555641 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-63

Muntingia calabura (Elaecoparceae) is a medicinal plant traditionally used, particularly, by the Peruvian people to alleviate headache and cold, pain associated with gastric ulcers or to reduce the prostate gland swelling. Following the recent establishment of antinociceptive activity of M. calabura leaf, the present study was performed to further elucidate on the possible mechanisms of antinociception involved.

Matched MeSH terms: Plant Leaves

Fulltext Profiling of phenolic compounds and their antioxidant and anticancer activities in pandan (Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb.) extracts from different locations of Malaysia

Ghasemzadeh A, Jaafar HZ

BMC Complement Altern Med, 2013;13:341.

PMID: 24289290 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-341

Phytochemicals and antioxidants from plant sources are of increasing interest to consumers because of their roles in the maintenance of human health. Most of the secondary metabolites of herbs are used in a number of pharmaceutical products.

Matched MeSH terms: Plant Leaves/chemistry

Fulltext Methanol extract of Melastoma malabathricum leaves exerted antioxidant and liver protective activity in rats

Mamat SS, Kamarolzaman MF, Yahya F, Mahmood ND, Shahril MS, Jakius KF, et al.

BMC Complement Altern Med, 2013;13:326.

PMID: 24267313 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-326

Melastoma malabathricum L. (Melastomaceae) is a small shrub with various medicinal uses. The present study was carried out to determine the hepatoprotective activity of methanol extract of M. malabathricum leaves (MEMM) against the paracetamol-induced liver toxicity in rats model.

Matched MeSH terms: Plant Leaves/chemistry

Fulltext Antioxidant activity of Coriandrum sativum and protection against DNA damage and cancer cell migration

Tang EL, Rajarajeswaran J, Fung SY, Kanthimathi MS

BMC Complement Altern Med, 2013;13:347.

PMID: 24517259 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-347

Coriandrum sativum is a popular culinary and medicinal herb of the Apiaceae family. Health promoting properties of this herb have been reported in pharmacognostical, phytochemical and pharmacological studies. However, studies on C. sativum have always focused on the aerial parts of the herb and scientific investigation on the root is limited. The aim of this research was to investigate the antioxidant and anticancer activities of C. sativum root, leaf and stem, including its effect on cancer cell migration, and its protection against DNA damage, with special focus on the roots.

Matched MeSH terms: Plant Leaves/chemistry

Fulltext Antioxidant and cytoprotective activities of Piper betle, Areca catechu, Uncaria gambir and betel quid with and without calcium hydroxide

Sazwi NN, Nalina T, Abdul Rahim ZH

BMC Complement Altern Med, 2013;13:351.

PMID: 24330738 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-351

Betel quid chewing is a popular habit in Southeast Asia. It is believed that chewing betel quid could reduce stress, strengthen teeth and maintain oral hygiene. The aim of this study was to investigate the antioxidant and cytoprotective activities of each of the ingredients of betel quid and compared with betel quid itself (with and without calcium hydroxide). The correlation of their cytoprotective and antioxidant activities with phenolic content was also determined.

Matched MeSH terms: Plant Leaves/chemistry

Fulltext Cytotoxic effect of Alpinia scabra (Blume) Náves extracts on human breast and ovarian cancer cells

Reddy AS, Abd Malek SN, Ibrahim H, Sim KS

BMC Complement Altern Med, 2013 Nov 12;13:314.

PMID: 24215354 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-314

BACKGROUND: Alpinia scabra, locally known as 'Lengkuas raya', is an aromatic, perennial and rhizomatous herb from the family Zingiberaceae. It is a wild species which grows largely on mountains at moderate elevations in Peninsular Malaysia, but it can also survive in the lowlands like in the states of Terengganu and Northern Johor. The present study reports the cytotoxic potential of A. scabra extracts from different parts of the plant.

METHODS: The experimental approach in the present study was based on a bioassay-guided fractionation. The crude methanol and fractionated extracts (hexane, chloroform and water) from different parts of A. scabra (leaves, rhizomes, roots and pseudo stems) were prepared prior to the cytotoxicity evaluation against human ovarian (SKOV-3) and hormone-dependent breast (MCF7) carcinoma cells. The identified cytotoxic extracts were then subjected to chemical investigations in order to identify the active ingredients. A normal human lung fibroblast cell line (MRC-5) was used to determine the specificity for cancerous cells. The cytotoxic extracts and fractions were also subjected to morphological assessment, DNA fragmentation analysis and DAPI nuclear staining.

RESULTS: The leaf (hexane and chloroform) and rhizome (chloroform) extracts showed high inhibitory effect against the tested cells. Ten fractions (LC1-LC10) were yielded after purification of the leaf chloroform extract. Fraction LC4 which showed excellent cytotoxic activity was further purified and resulted in 17 sub-fractions (VLC1-VLC17). Sub-fraction VLC9 showed excellent cytotoxicity against MCF7 and SKOV-3 cells but not toxic against normal MRC-5 cells. Meanwhile, eighteen fractions (RC1-RC18) were obtained after purification of the rhizome chloroform extract, of which fraction RC5 showed cytotoxicity against SKOV-3 cells with high selectivity index. There were marked morphological changes when observed using phase-contrast inverted microscope, DAPI nuclear staining and also DNA fragmentations in MCF7 and SKOV-3 cells after treatment with the cytotoxic extracts and fractions which were indicative of cell apoptosis. Methyl palmitate and methyl stearate were identified in the hexane leaf extract by GC-MS analysis.

CONCLUSIONS: The data obtained from the current study demonstrated that the cell death induced by cytotoxic extracts and fractions of A. scabra may be due to apoptosis induction which was characterized by apoptotic morphological changes and DNA fragmentation. The active ingredients in the leaf sub-fraction VLC9 and rhizome fraction RC5 may lead to valuable compounds that have the ability to kill cancer cells but not normal cells.

Matched MeSH terms: Plant Leaves/drug effects

Fulltext Antioxidant and pro-oxidant effects of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) leaves extract in experimental diabetic nephropathy: a duration-dependent outcome

Varatharajan R, Sattar MZ, Chung I, Abdulla MA, Kassim NM, Abdullah NA

BMC Complement Altern Med, 2013;13:242.

PMID: 24074026 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-242

Catechins-rich oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) leaves extract (OPLE) is known to have antioxidant activity. Several polyphenolic compounds reported as antioxidants such as quercetin, catechins and gallic acid have been highlighted to have pro-oxidant activity at high doses. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the antioxidant and pro-oxidant effects of chronically administering high dose of OPLE (1000 mg kg⁻¹) in an animal model of diabetic nephropathy (DN).

Matched MeSH terms: Plant Leaves/chemistry

Fulltext Phenolic content, antioxidant effect and cytotoxic activity of Leea indica leaves

Reddy NS, Navanesan S, Sinniah SK, Wahab NA, Sim KS

BMC Complement Altern Med, 2012;12:128.

PMID: 22898370 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-12-128

The leaves of Leea indica (Vitaceae), commonly known as 'Huo Tong Shu' in Malaysia, have been traditionally used as natural remedy in folk medicine by the locals. The current study reports the outcome of antioxidant and cytotoxic investigation of L. indica leaves. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of L. indica leaf crude ethanol and its fractionated extracts (hexane, ethyl acetate and water) for evaluation of total phenolic content, antioxidant effect and cytotoxic activity against colon cancer cell lines.

Matched MeSH terms: Plant Leaves/chemistry

Fulltext Blechnum orientale Linn - a fern with potential as antioxidant, anticancer and antibacterial agent

Lai HY, Lim YY, Kim KH

BMC Complement Altern Med, 2010;10:15.

PMID: 20429956 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-10-15

Blechnum orientale Linn. (Blechnaceae) is used ethnomedicinally for the treatment of various skin diseases, stomach pain, urinary bladder complaints and sterilization of women. The aim of the study was to evaluate antioxidant, anticancer and antibacterial activity of five solvent fractions obtained from the methanol extract of the leaves of Blechnum orientale Linn.

Matched MeSH terms: Plant Leaves

Fulltext Assessment of phytochemical content, polyphenolic composition, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of Leguminosae medicinal plants in Peninsular Malaysia

Chew YL, Chan EW, Tan PL, Lim YY, Stanslas J, Goh JK

BMC Complement Altern Med, 2011;11:12.

PMID: 21306653 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-11-12

Many medicinal plants from Leguminosae family can be found easily in Malaysia. These plants have been used as traditional medicines by local ethnic groups, where they are prepared as decoction, pastes for wound infections, and some have been eaten as salad. This paper focused on the assessment of antioxidant potential, antibacterial activity and classes of phytochemicals of nine plants from the Leguminosae family.

Matched MeSH terms: Plant Leaves

Fulltext Anticancer activity of a sub-fraction of dichloromethane extract of Strobilanthes crispus on human breast and prostate cancer cells in vitro

Yaacob NS, Hamzah N, Nik Mohamed Kamal NN, Zainal Abidin SA, Lai CS, Navaratnam V, et al.

BMC Complement Altern Med, 2010;10:42.

PMID: 20684795 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-10-42

The leaves of Strobilanthes crispus (S. crispus) which is native to the regions of Madagascar to the Malay Archipelago, are used in folk medicine for their antidiabetic, diuretic, anticancer and blood pressure lowering properties. Crude extracts of this plant have been found to be cytotoxic to human cancer cell lines and protective against chemically-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in rats. In this study, the cytotoxicity of various sub-fractions of dichloromethane extract isolated from the leaves of S. crispus was determined and the anticancer activity of one of the bioactive sub-fractions, SC/D-F9, was further analysed in breast and prostate cancer cell lines.

Matched MeSH terms: Plant Leaves

Fulltext Assessment of antiproliferative and antiplasmodial activities of five selected Apocynaceae species

Wong SK, Lim YY, Abdullah NR, Nordin FJ

BMC Complement Altern Med, 2011;11:3.

PMID: 21232161 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-11-3

Studies have shown that the barks and roots of some Apocynaceae species have anticancer and antimalarial properties. In this study, leaf extracts of five selected species of Apocynaceae used in traditional medicine (Alstonia angustiloba, Calotropis gigantea, Dyera costulata, Kopsia fruticosa and Vallaris glabra) were assessed for antiproliferative (APF) and antiplasmodial (APM) activities, and analysed for total alkaloid content (TAC), total phenolic content (TPC) and radical-scavenging activity (RSA). As V. glabra leaf extracts showed wide spectrum APF and APM activities, they were further screened for saponins, tannins, cardenolides and terpenoids.

Matched MeSH terms: Plant Leaves

Fulltext Chemical constituents and antihistamine activity of Bixa orellana leaf extract

Yong YK, Zakaria ZA, Kadir AA, Somchit MN, Ee Cheng Lian G, Ahmad Z

BMC Complement Altern Med, 2013;13:32.

PMID: 23410184 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-32

Bixa orellana L. has been traditionally used in Central and South America to treat a number of ailments, including internal inflammation, and in other tropical countries like Malaysia as treatment for gastric ulcers and stomach discomfort. The current study aimed to determine the major chemical constituents of the aqueous extract of B. orellana (AEBO) and to evaluate the antihistamine activity of AEBO during acute inflammation induced in rats.

Matched MeSH terms: Plant Leaves

Fulltext Antifungal, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxicity activities of three varieties of labisia pumila benth: from microwave obtained extracts

Karimi E, Jaafar HZ, Ahmad S

BMC Complement Altern Med, 2013;13:20.

PMID: 23347830 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-20

Labisia pumila, locally known as Kacip Fatimah, is a forest-floor plant that has tremendous potential in the herbal industry. It is one of the five herbal plants identified by the government as one of the national key economic areas to be developed for commercial purposes. There are three varieties of L. pumila namely, L. pumila var. pumila, L. pumila var. alata and L. pumila var. lanceolata and each has its own use.

Matched MeSH terms: Plant Leaves

Fulltext Bixa orellana leaf extract suppresses histamine-induced endothelial hyperpermeability via the PLC-NO-cGMP signaling cascade

Yong YK, Chiong HS, Somchit MN, Ahmad Z

BMC Complement Altern Med, 2015;15:356.

PMID: 26468073 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-015-0901-3

Histamine is established as a potent inflammatory mediator and it is known to increased endothelial permeability by promoting gap formation between endothelial cells. Previous studies have shown that aqueous extract of Bixa orellana leaves (AEBO) exhibits antihistamine activity in vivo, yet the mechanism of its action on endothelial barrier function remains unclear. Therefore, the current study aimed to determine the protective effect of AEBO against histamine-induced hyperpermeability in vitro.

Matched MeSH terms: Plant Leaves

Fulltext Antiviral and virucidal activities of Duabanga grandiflora leaf extract against Pseudorabies virus in vitro

Malik FZ, Allaudin ZN, Loh HS, Nee TK, Hani H, Abdullah R

BMC Complement Altern Med, 2016 May 23;16:139.

PMID: 27216794 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1120-2

Duabanga grandiflora or known in Malaysia as Berembang Bukit, Megawasih, or Pedada Bukit, is a native plant of the Southeast Asian countries. In this study, the anti-viral properties of D. grandiflora were investigated.

Matched MeSH terms: Plant Leaves

Fulltext Mechanism(s) of action underlying the gastroprotective effect of ethyl acetate fraction obtained from the crude methanolic leaves extract of Muntingia calabura

Zakaria ZA, Balan T, Azemi AK, Omar MH, Mohtarrudin N, Ahmad Z, et al.

BMC Complement Altern Med, 2016 Feb 24;16:78.

PMID: 26912079 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1041-0

BACKGROUND: Muntingia calabura L. (family Muntingiaceae), commonly known as Jamaican cherry or kerukup siam in Malaysia, is used traditionally to treat various ailments. The aim of this study is to elucidate the possible underlying gastroprotective mechanisms of ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) of Muntingia calabura methanolic leaves extract (MEMC).

METHODS: MEMC and its fractions were subjected to HPLC analysis to identify and quantify the presence of its phyto-constituents. The mechanism of gastroptotection of EAF was further investigated using pylorus ligation-induced gastric lesion rat model (100, 250, and 500 mg/kg). Macroscopic analysis of the stomach, evaluation of gastric content parameters such as volume, pH, free and total acidity, protein estimation, and quantification of mucus were carried out. The participation of nitric oxide (NO) and sulfhydryl (SH) compounds was evaluated and the superoxide dismutase (SOD), gluthathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and NO level in the ethanol induced stomach tissue homogenate was determined.

RESULTS: HPLC analysis confirmed the presence of quercetin and gallic acid in EAF. In pylorus-ligation model, EAF significantly (p <0.001) prevent gastric lesion formation. Volume of gastric content and total protein content reduced significantly (p

Matched MeSH terms: Plant Leaves/chemistry

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