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Evaluation of BV(®) Blue Test Kit for the diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis

Kampan NC, Suffian SS, Ithnin NS, Muhammad M, Zakaria SZ, Jamil MA

Sex Reprod Healthc, 2011 Jan;2(1):1-5.
PMID: 21147452 DOI: 10.1016/j.srhc.2010.11.002

The aim of this study is to determine the sensitivity, specificity and the predictive value of the BV(®) Blue Test Kit in the diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis and to observe the risk factors associated with bacterial vaginosis (BV) in the study population. A prospective, cross-sectional study on 151 non-pregnant women who presented or referred to HUKM with presence of vaginal discharge, abnormal vaginal odour, pruritus vulvae of lower genital tract or incidental finding of abnormal PV discharge on pelvic examination. Samples of vaginal discharge were tested for bacterial vaginosis infection using Amsel's criteria, BV(®) Blue test and Gram stain (Nugent's score). Gram stain interpretation was made blinded without knowledge of other test result. Using Gram stain's criteria as a gold standard, the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value of BV(®) Blue test and each of Amsel's criteria were estimated. The use of vaginal douches increased the risk of BV. The risk of BV with vaginal douching was 2.8 (95% CI 1.0-7.8) compared to never users. BV(®) Blue test showed a sensitivity of 100.0%, specificity of 98.3%, positive predictive value (PPV) of 94.4% and negative predictive value (NPV) of 100.0% compared to Gram stain (Nugent's method). BV(®) Blue test had excellent agreement with Gram stain which was 98.7%. BV(®) Blue test is a simple, rapid and reliable test allowing immediate diagnosis and prompt treatment of BV in the absence of microscopy which would greatly benefit majority of women at the greatest risk of sequel of bacterial vaginosis.

Matched MeSH terms: Predictive Value of Tests
Fulltext Preliminary evaluation of various rapid influenza diagnostic test methods for the detection of the novel influenza A (H1N1) in Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre

Zetti ZR, Wong KK, Haslina M, Ilina I

Med J Malaysia, 2010 Mar;65(1):27-30.
PMID: 21265244 MyJurnal

We evaluated the performance of four rapid influenza diagnostic test methods (RIDT) compared to real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR), for the detection of the novel swine-origin influenza A (H1N1) virus (S-OIV) in August 2009. A total of 270 respiratory specimens were tested with rRT-PCR, where 74 of these were tested by BinaxNow (Inverness), 80 by QuickVue (Quidel), 37 by Influenza A Antigen Rapid Test (Rockeby Biomed) and 79 by Directigen (BD). The sensitivities ranged from 4.4% to 37.0%, specificities 90.9% to 100.0%, positive predictive values 75.0% to 100.0% and negative predictive values 32.3% to 75.0%. RIDT were able to detect S-OIV but the sensitivities were low. The limitations of RIDT must be considered when interpreting results for clinical management.

Matched MeSH terms: Predictive Value of Tests
Transition of water demand and treatment plant overcapacity: a case study of the Seoul Metropolitan City, Korea

Lee S, Park H

Water Sci Technol, 2010;61(12):3129-40.
PMID: 20555209 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2010.454

This study deals with the overcapacity problem of water treatment plants in Korea, and mainly discusses status, causes, and engineering options. To this end, we first statistically analyze the recent trend of demand, revealing that the demands of small- and mid-size systems are still increasing while that of large-size systems is now decreasing. Since the existing approach to plan capacity implicitly assumes that demand will increase at a regular rate, we estimate excess capacities and system utilizations of large-size systems. From these results it is found that the large-size systems are suffering from serious overcapacity, thus necessitating that engineers make very difficult decisions given that systems are still expanding the capacities of plants due to a lack of awareness of the current demand trend. For other systems where there is a better understanding of the transition of demand, planners have ceased to expand plants or have closed down relatively old plants in efforts to reduce O&M costs. To address this problem, quick recognition of the transition of demand is being highlighted by the concepts of integrated resources management and cybernetics. Therefore, we examined how quickly the new trend of the Seoul case could be precisely recognized and appropriately addressed. Using the Bayesian parameter estimation method, we found that a new trend can be recognized six years after the transition of demand.

Matched MeSH terms: Predictive Value of Tests
Fulltext Role of high augmentation index in spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage

Lee HK, Ghani AR, Awang MS, Sayuthi S, Idris B, Abdullah JM

Asian J Surg, 2010 Jan;33(1):42-50.
PMID: 20497882 DOI: 10.1016/S1015-9584(10)60008-5

Intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) is the most disabling and least treatable form of stroke. Its risk factors include old age, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolaemia, smoking and high alcohol intake, which are also associated with arterial stiffness. The aim of the present study was to determine the prognostic value of high augmentation index (AI), which is a surrogate marker of arterial stiffness, in patients with spontaneous ICH.

Matched MeSH terms: Predictive Value of Tests
The predictive values of urinalysis in intravenous urogram. Is intravenous urography really necessary in mild hydronephrotic patient?

Hamzaini AH, Helmee MN, Masoud S, Suraya A, Nazri MS, Das S

Clin Ter, 2009;160(6):473-5.
PMID: 20198290

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Many patients who presented to Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre (UKMMC) with signs and symptoms of urolithiasis had mild hydronephrosis with non visualization of calculus on ultrasound examination. These patients underwent an intravenous urogram (IVU) in order to determine the presence of urolithiasis and most of them had normal IVU. The main aim of this study was to determine the predictive value of urinalysis in this group of patients in determining the need for IVU examinations.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospectively the ultrasound, urinalysis and intravenous urography reports of 53 patients were reviewed and evaluated.
RESULTS: The positive predictive and negative predictive value of urinalysis was found to be 68% and 96.4%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS; The results indicate that the urinalysis was an excellent negative predictor for IVU. In view of high radiation dose, risk of contrast reaction and contrast induced nephropathy of IVU, we suggest that it should not be performed in patient with non visualization of calculus mild hydronephrosis when the urinalysis is negative for blood.

Study site: Pusat Perubatan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (PPUKM)

Matched MeSH terms: Predictive Value of Tests
Fulltext The risk factors for unexplained antepartum stillbirths in Scotland, 1994 to 2003

Sutan R, Campbell D, Prescott GJ, Smith WC

J Perinatol, 2010 May;30(5):311-8.
PMID: 19829298 DOI: 10.1038/jp.2009.158

To determine the factors contributing to unexplained antepartum stillbirth in Scotland.

Matched MeSH terms: Predictive Value of Tests
Transvaginal sonography of cervical length and Bishop score as predictors of successful induction of term labor: the effect of parity

Tan PC, Vallikkannu N, Suguna S, Quek KF, Hassan J

Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol, 2009;36(1):35-9.
PMID: 19400416

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the predictive value for successful labor induction of transvaginal ultrasound (TVS) of cervical length according to parity.
METHOD: TVS of the cervix was performed before term labor induction. Induction was considered successful if vaginal delivery was achieved within 24 hours; 231 women were available for final analysis.
RESULTS: Analysis of the receiver operator characteristics curve showed an optimal cut-off for cervical length of < or = 20 mm for successful induction. Following multivariate logistic regression analysis, a sonographic short cervix (AOR 5.6; p < 0.001) was an independent predictor of successful induction but not a favorable Bishop score (p = 0.47). Among multiparas with a short cervix, positive and negative predictive values for successful induction were 98% (95% CI 90-100%) and 21% (95% CI 13%-32%) and among nulliparas, predictive values were 69% (95% CI 53%-82%) and 77% (95% CI 64%-87%) respectively.
CONCLUSION: In nulliparas, cervical length can usefully predict labor induction outcome.

Matched MeSH terms: Predictive Value of Tests
The role of wrist anthropometric measurement in idiopathic carpal tunnel syndrome

Lim PG, Tan S, Ahmad TS

J Hand Surg Eur Vol, 2008 Oct;33(5):645-7.
PMID: 18662961 DOI: 10.1177/1753193408093326

Anthropometric wrist measurement ratios were examined for an association with idiopathic carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). Wrist measurements were recorded in 67 patients with CTS and in a matched control group of 67 healthy volunteers. The Wrist Ratio (WR) (wrist anterior to posterior dimension/wrist medial-lateral dimension) and the Wrist Palm Ratio (wrist anterior to posterior dimension/palm length) were calculated for each case. We found that a WR of > or =0.70 and a Wrist Palm Ratio of >0.342 were significantly associated with idiopathic CTS.

Matched MeSH terms: Predictive Value of Tests
Tumour volume and lung metastasis in patients with osteosarcoma

Munajat I, Zulmi W, Norazman MZ, Wan Faisham WI

J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong), 2008 Aug;16(2):182-5.
PMID: 18725669

To assess the association between tumour volume and occurrence of lung metastasis in patients with osteosarcoma and to determine the cut-off value.

Matched MeSH terms: Predictive Value of Tests
Fulltext Predictive value of thrombocytopaenia in the diagnosis of dengue infection in outpatient settings

Tong SF, Aziz NA, Chin GL

Med J Malaysia, 2007 Dec;62(5):390-3.
PMID: 18705473 MyJurnal

Thrombocytopaenia is often relied upon as an important criterion for the diagnosis of dengue infection among patients presenting with an acute non-specific febrile illness. This study was aimed to assess usefulness of thrombocytopaenia in the diagnosis of acute dengue virus infection. This was a clinic based prospective cohort study from May to November 2003. Consecutive patients presenting with acute non-specific febrile illness of less than two weeks were selected from two urban primary care centres. We did full blood count examination (FBC) on the day of visit and dengue serology on day five of illness for all patients enrolled. We repeated the FBC examination for patients who had initial normal platelet counts. Thrombocytopaenia was defined as platelet count < 150 X 10(9)/L. Eighty-seven patients enrolled in the study. Complete data was available for 73 patients. The prevalence of acute dengue virus infection was 27.6%. The sensitivity and specificity were 88% and 71% respectively. The likelihood of acute dengue infection in the presence of thrombocytopaenia was 2.52 and likelihood of not having dengue infection in normal platelet count patients was 5.22. Thrombocytopaenia has fair predictive value in diagnosing acute dengue virus infection. It was more useful to exclude than to diagnose dengue infection.

Study site: Primary Care Centre of Hospital Universiti
Kebangsaan Malaysia (HUKM) and Batu 9 Health Clinic Hulu Langat,

Matched MeSH terms: Predictive Value of Tests
Fulltext p63 as a complimentary basal cell specific marker to high molecular weight-cytokeratin in distinguishing prostatic carcinoma from benign prostatic lesions

Shiran MS, Tan GC, Sabariah AR, Rampal L, Phang KS

Med J Malaysia, 2007 Mar;62(1):36-9.
PMID: 17682568 MyJurnal

The diagnosis of prostatic carcinoma (Pca) on routine biopsies may be challenging, and to date the commonly used marker to distinguish prostate carcinoma from benign prostatic lesions has been High Molecular Weight-Cytokeratin (HMW-CK). However, the antigen of HMW-CK is susceptible to the effect of formalin fixation and causes frequent loss or patchy staining in the obviously benign glands. More recently, antibodies to p63 have been reported to be more sensitive than HMW-CK for the detection of prostatic basal cells. p63, a homologue of tumour suppressor gene p53, is essential for prostate development and is selectively expressed in the nuclei of basal cells of normal prostate glands. The objective of this study is to compare the sensitivity and specificity of HMW-CK and p63 in distinguishing prostatic carcinomas from benign prostatic lesions, as well as determining their positive predictive values. Seventy-two cases from HUKM (comprising 29 prostatic carcinomas and 43 benign prostatic hyperplasias) were stained for both HMW-CK and p63. The sensitivity of p63 and HMW-CK in identifying basal cells in benign glands was 88.37% and 90.70% respectively. The specificity of both reagents was 100%, and the positive predictive value for both reagents was also 100%. Thus, p63 is a useful complementary basal cell specific stain to HMW-CK, and would be very helpful to practicing pathologists in dealing with difficult cases.

Matched MeSH terms: Predictive Value of Tests
Fulltext Role of mid-trimester transvaginal cervical ultrasound in prediction of preterm delivery

Hebbar S, Samjhana K

Med J Malaysia, 2006 Aug;61(3):307-11.
PMID: 17240581 MyJurnal

Ultrasonographic cervical length assessment is increasingly being utilized clinically to identify women at risk for spontaneous preterm delivery. In a randomised prospective longitudinal study involving 200 women, we measured cervical length and internal os diameter by transvaginal scan at 20 - 24 weeks and analysed their ability to predict preterm birth. The risk of spontaneous preterm delivery increased steeply as cervical length decreased. At cut off value of < or = 2.5cm, the cervical length measurements had sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of 77%, 95%, 56% and 98% respectively. However, internal os diameter lacked sensitivity and specificity. Our data suggests that the duration of pregnancy is directly related to length of the cervix: the shorter the cervix, the greater the chance of preterm delivery.

Matched MeSH terms: Predictive Value of Tests
Fulltext A novel and improved method of predicting hand grip strength in the adult Malaysian population

Kamarul T, Ahmad TS, Loh WY

Med J Malaysia, 2006 Dec;61 Suppl B:37-44.
PMID: 17600991

Hand grip strength measurement is a recognized part of hand function assessment. The standard measurement using the Jamar dynamometer and comparing these results to the recommended normal values suggested by the manufacturers of the Jamar was questioned as these values were based on Western population. A study comparing a novel method of predicting grip strength using our software was conducted on 25 normal subjects using the LIDO kinetic workset (Group A and B ). These results were then compared against our predictive software (Group A) and the expected values supplied together with the Jamar Dynamometer (Group B). In another group, 22 normal subjects were tested using the Jamar (Group C and D) and then matched against the predicted values using their recommended chart (Group C). The last group (Group D) was tested using the Jamar but the values attained were compared to the results from our software. In group A, the predictability of our predictive method was 100% (both R & L) as compared to (R = 64%, L = 68%) in group B, (R = 27.3%, L = 59.1%) in group C and (R = 81.8%, L = 86.4%) in group D. The differences between the predictability of both methods were statistically significant. The data collected using both the Jamar and the LIDO kinetic workset correlated well to the data from our software but not to the values suggested by the manufacturers of Jamar. We conclude that our method of predicting hand grip values are superior to that suggested by the manufacturers of dynamometers. The standard reference for hand grip strength provided by the manufacturers is less accurate in predicting the grip strength of our local population.

Matched MeSH terms: Predictive Value of Tests
Fulltext Feasibility and accuracy of 64-row MDCT coronary imaging from a centre with early experience: a review and comparison with established centres

Ong TK, Chin SP, Chan WL, Liew CK, Seyfarth MT, Liew HB, et al.

Med J Malaysia, 2005 Dec;60(5):629-36.
PMID: 16515115

The accuracy of multi-detector computed tomographic (MDCI) coronary angiography (CTA) is dependant on image quality as well as the experience of the operator. Established centers have reported negative predictive values of over 95%. The aim of our study was to investigate the accuracy and feasibility of CTA for the assessment of haemodynamically significant coronary stenosis in a center with very early experience (<6 months) utilizing the improved spatial and temporal resolutions of the latest generation 64-row MDCI scanner. One hundred and twenty eight patients (93 male, 35 female; mean age 56.2 +/- 9.5 years) with suspected or known coronary artery disease underwent both CIA and conventional coronary angiographv (CCA). The sensitivity, specificity, positive (PPV) and negative (NPV) predictive values for stenoses > or =50% by CIA compared to CCA were 70%, 97%, 70% and 97% respectively. Evaluation of main and proximal segments in patients with good quality images (78% of patients) produced values of 94%, 95%, 74% and 99% respectively. The improved spatial and temporal resolutions of 64-row MJ) CT provided a high negative predictive value in assessing significant coronary artery stenosis even in a centre with very early experience. However, new centers embarking on CTA might not be able to reproduce the results reported by more experienced centers.

Matched MeSH terms: Predictive Value of Tests
Cytologic evaluation of prognostic markers in breast carcinoma

Jayaram G, Elsayed EM

Acta Cytol., 2005 Nov-Dec;49(6):605-10.
PMID: 16450899

To type breast carcinomaon on fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) material and correlate the results with histologic typing, to grade breast carcinoma on FNAC material and correlate the findings with Bloom-Richardson histologic grading, and to determine the estrogen receptor (ER) status in cases of breast carcinoma by immunocytochemical (ICC) staining of FNA cytologic material and correlate the findings with ER status, as determined by immunohistochemical (IHC) staining of tissue sections.

STUDY DESIGN: Seventy-seven cases of breast carcinoma diagnosed on FNAC formed the basis of this study. Typing was done in all cases on the basis of cytologic features and grading in 62. (Fifteen cases were special types of breast carcinoma). In all cases, ER status was determined by immunostaining of cytologic smears. Results of tumor typing, grading and ER status on cytologic material were compared with the results of histologic typing, grading and immunostaining of histologic material obtained from mastectomy or wide excision specimens.

RESULTS: Tumor typing was accurate in 73 of 77 cases (94.8%). Fifteen of 18 cases that were cytologically grade 3 were confirmed on histology, while 3 proved to be grade 2. Of 40 cytologic grade 2 cases, 26 were confirmed on histology, while 14 cases were grade 3. Three of 4 cytologically grade 1 cases were confirmed on histology while 1 was grade 2. The overall accuracy for cytologic grading was 71% (44 of 62 cases). Thirty-seven of 40 ER-positive cases (92.5%) were labeled ER positive on ICC. One case was ER negative on cytology, while in 2 cases the cellularity of the cytologic smear was insufficient to assess ER expression. Thirty-seven cases were negativefor ER on IHC. Nine of these showed ER positivity on ICC, 26 were negative, and 2 had cellularity that was inadequate for assessment of ER. Sensitivity and specificity rates for ER detection on ICC were 97.4% and 74.3%, respectively.

CONCLUSION: Tumor typing, grading and evaluation of ER status on FNA C material in breast carcinomas are simple, quick and moderately reliable techniques that compare and correlate favorably with histologic typing, grading and ER status on IHC.

Matched MeSH terms: Predictive Value of Tests
Cord IgE and ECP levels of Malay neonates

Yadav A, Naidu R

Allergol Immunopathol (Madr), 2013 Nov-Dec;41(6):364-8.
PMID: 23276420 DOI: 10.1016/j.aller.2012.08.007

Cord IgE and ECP levels are major atopic markers implicated in early childhood allergy development. Most epidemiological studies to date have not utilised current technology to establish baseline cord IgE levels, further aggravated by lack of data in this region. This study also attempts to identify a relationship between cord IgE and ECP levels as a mean to improve sensitivity for early prediction of atopy.

Matched MeSH terms: Predictive Value of Tests
Solvent accessibility in native and isolated domain environments: general features and implications to interface predictability

Raih MF, Ahmad S, Zheng R, Mohamed R

Biophys Chem, 2005 Apr 1;114(1):63-9.
PMID: 15792862

A non-redundant database of 4536 structural domains, comprising more than 790,000 residues, has been used for the calculation of their solvent accessibility in the native protein environment and then in the isolated domain environment. Nearly 140,000 (18%) residues showed a change in accessible surface area in the above two conditions. General features of this change under these two circumstances have been pointed out. Propensities of these interfacing amino acid residues have been calculated and their variation for different secondary structure types has been analyzed. Actual amount of surface area lost by different secondary structures is higher in the case of helix and strands compared to coil and other conformations. Overall change in surface area in hydrophobic and uncharged residues is higher than that in charged residues. An attempt has been made to know the predictability of interface residues from sequence environments. This analysis and prediction results have significant implications towards determining interacting residues in proteins and for the prediction of protein-protein, protein-ligand, protein-DNA and similar interactions.

Matched MeSH terms: Predictive Value of Tests
New predictive equations for estimation of basal metabolic rates of adolescents: tropics versus temperate

Noor MI, Poh BK, Zawiah H, Henry CJ

Forum Nutr, 2003;56:250-3.
PMID: 15806886

The energy and nutritional requirements of adolescents are influenced primarily by the growth spurt that occurs at puberty, and also by the need to maintain adequate levels of physical activity. Predictions of BMR have gained attention since the publication of the FAO/WHO/UNU (1985) expert consultation report, which adopted the principle of relying on energy expenditure rather than energy intake to derive requirement of individuals. While the report predicts BMR accurately in many individuals from temperate climate, they are said to be less accurate in predicting BMR in populations living in the tropics. The collation of worldwide data on basal metabolism indicated that, relative to adults, there was a paucity of data in other age groups including the adolescents. Although several BMR studies among children had been reported in the 90's, the data in normal weight children are almost exclusively from small control groups in obesity studies. Furthermore, we know little as to whether BMR of children differs in differing climatic conditions. This paper presents predictive equations for estimating BMR from a two-centre study, Bangi (Malaysia) and Oxford (UK) and to compare the results with the currently used predictive equations.

Matched MeSH terms: Predictive Value of Tests
Fulltext Ultrasound in the assessment of the palpable breast mass

Hasni H, Meah FA, Norlia A, Sharifah NA, Zulfiqar A

Med J Malaysia, 2004 Oct;59(4):486-94.
PMID: 15779581

The aim of the study was: to obtain the profile of patients (with regards to age and family history of breast cancer) with a palpable breast mass. To determine the validity of ultrasound in the assessment of the palpable breast mass by determining the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy of ultrasound in distinguishing a malignant mass. To determine the most discriminating ultrasound characteristics for differentiating benign and malignant masses. Seventy patients who had fine needle aspiration cytology of a palpable breast mass were subjected to an ultrasound assessment of the mass. The ultrasound findings were classified as benign, indeterminate or malignant. These findings were then compared with either the cytology or histology results in cases that eventually had surgical excision. The age of the patients ranged from 15 to 66 years old The majority was in the third and fourth decades with an average age of 25 years. The 8 patients with a proven malignant breast mass were aged between 39 and 66 years old. They did not have any family history of breast cancer. Only 4 patients had a family history of breast carcinoma and all proved to have a benign breast lesion. Ultrasound had a sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 85.7%, positive predictive value of 50%, negative predictive value of 100% and accuracy of 87.5% for distinguishing a malignant mass. For benign masses: 93.7% had well-defined margins, 81.3% had homogenous internal echoes, 91.7% had depth-width ratio of less than 1.0 and 89% were compressible. For malignant masses: 87.5% had either ill-defined or irregular margins, 87.5% had inhomogenous internal echoes and mixed posterior echoes, and 100% were incompressible. The majority of patients with a palpable breast mass were aged below 40 years old. Most of the patients with a malignant breast mass were aged 40 years and older. Neither a positive nor a negative family history of breast cancer had any significance on outcome. Ultrasound had high sensitivity, specificity and accuracy in distinguishing a malignant mass. The most discriminating benign ultrasound characteristic was compressibility. The most discriminating malignant ultrasound characteristic was ill-defined and irregular margins.

Matched MeSH terms: Predictive Value of Tests
Echocardiographic agreement in the diagnostic evaluation for infective endocarditis

Lauridsen TK, Selton-Suty C, Tong S, Afonso L, Cecchi E, Park L, et al.

Int J Cardiovasc Imaging, 2016 Jul;32(7):1041-51.
PMID: 27100526 DOI: 10.1007/s10554-016-0873-5

Echocardiography is essential for the diagnosis and management of infective endocarditis (IE). However, the reproducibility for the echocardiographic assessment of variables relevant to IE is unknown. Objectives of this study were: (1) To define the reproducibility for IE echocardiographic variables and (2) to describe a methodology for assessing quality in an observational cohort containing site-interpreted data. IE reproducibility was assessed on a subset of echocardiograms from subjects enrolled in the International Collaboration on Endocarditis registry. Specific echocardiographic case report forms were used. Intra-observer agreement was assessed from six site readers on ten randomly selected echocardiograms. Inter-observer agreement between sites and an echocardiography core laboratory was assessed on a separate random sample of 110 echocardiograms. Agreement was determined using intraclass correlation (ICC), coverage probability (CP), and limits of agreement for continuous variables and kappa statistics (κweighted) and CP for categorical variables. Intra-observer agreement for LVEF was excellent [ICC = 0.93 ± 0.1 and all pairwise differences for LVEF (CP) were within 10 %]. For IE categorical echocardiographic variables, intra-observer agreement was best for aortic abscess (κweighted = 1.0, CP = 1.0 for all readers). Highest inter-observer agreement for IE categorical echocardiographic variables was obtained for vegetation location (κweighted = 0.95; 95 % CI 0.92-0.99) and lowest agreement was found for vegetation mobility (κweighted = 0.69; 95 % CI 0.62-0.86). Moderate to excellent intra- and inter-observer agreement is observed for echocardiographic variables in the diagnostic assessment of IE. A pragmatic approach for determining echocardiographic data reproducibility in a large, multicentre, site interpreted observational cohort is feasible.

Matched MeSH terms: Predictive Value of Tests

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