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Biochemical and serological studies of Pasteurella multocida isolated from cattle and buffaloes in Malaysia

Chandrasekaran S, Yeap PC, Chuink BH

Br. Vet. J., 1981 7 1;137(4):361-7.
PMID: 6793206
Matched MeSH terms: Cattle Diseases/microbiology*
Assessment of the likelihood of the introduction of foot-and-mouth disease through importation of live animals into the Malaysia-Thailand-Myanmar peninsula

Wongsathapornchai K, Salman MD, Edwards JR, Morley PS, Keefe TJ, Van Campen H, et al.

Am J Vet Res, 2008 Feb;69(2):252-60.
PMID: 18241023 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.69.2.252

To assess the likelihood of an introduction of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) into the Malaysia-Thailand-Myanmar (MTM) peninsula through terrestrial movement of livestock.

Matched MeSH terms: Cattle Diseases/epidemiology; Cattle Diseases/prevention & control
Assessment of knowledge, attitude, and practice on livestock traceability among cattle farmers and cattle traders in peninsular Malaysia and its impact on disease control

Salina AB, Hassan L, Saharee AA, Jajere SM, Stevenson MA, Ghazali K

Trop Anim Health Prod, 2020 Nov 19;53(1):15.
PMID: 33211198 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-020-02458-5

The ability to trace the movement of animals and their related products is key to success in animal disease control. To ensure that a traceability system is optimized, livestock farmers and traders must have good appreciation and understanding about animal tracing. The present study examined the traceability of cattle in Malaysia vis-à-vis the domains of knowledge, attitude, and practice among cattle farmers and traders. A total of 543 farmers and traders in Peninsular Malaysia were interviewed. The results revealed that over 60% of the respondents had satisfactory knowledge and attitude about cattle movement and traceability. A lower proportion of the respondents (49%) were involved in appropriate practice that facilitated traceability of cattle. We found that the type of husbandry system and stakeholders' participation in livestock management-specific short courses were positively associated with satisfactory knowledge, attitude, and practice. A structured education and training program should be formulated to improve these domains so that the benefit of traceability becomes clear, paving the way to a successful traceability program.

Matched MeSH terms: Cattle Diseases/prevention & control*
Area of hock hair loss in dairy cows: risk factors and correlation with a categorical scale

Lim PY, Huxley JN, Green MJ, Othman AR, Potterton SL, Brignell CJ, et al.

Vet J, 2015 Feb;203(2):205-10.
PMID: 25577022 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2014.11.005

Data from 3691 dairy cows from 76 farms were used to investigate the risk factors associated with the area of hair loss over the lateral aspect of the hock and the correlation between the area of hair loss (as calculated using a hock map) and hock lesion scores determined using a pre-existing categorical scale. Six factors were associated with a greater area of hair loss, including cows with locomotion score 3, a cleanliness score (10/28 to 18/28), high daily milk yield (25.1-58.1 kg), poor body condition score (1-1.5), duration of winter housing (≥41 days) and some combinations of cubicle base and bedding materials. Compared with cows housed in cubicles with a concrete base and whole straw or rape straw bedding, cows housed in cubicles with concrete bases with sand or chopped straw bedding had smaller areas of hair loss and cows housed on a mattress base with whole straw or rape straw bedding had larger areas of hair loss. Area of hair loss, as measured on hock maps, was not significantly different between cows with score 1 (median 23.6 cm(2)) and score 2 (median 20.3 cm(2)) on the categorical scale for hock lesions. This suggests that the categorical scale was not reflecting the extent of hair loss and that hock maps are a good alternative for studying the dynamics of hock lesions over time.

Matched MeSH terms: Cattle Diseases/etiology; Cattle Diseases/epidemiology*; Cattle Diseases/pathology
Antimicrobial activities of graphene oxide against biofilm and intracellular Staphylococcus aureus isolated from bovine mastitis

Saeed SI, Vivian L, Zalati CWSCW, Sani NIM, Aklilu E, Mohamad M, et al.

BMC Vet Res, 2023 Jan 14;19(1):10.
PMID: 36641476 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03560-6

BACKGROUND: S. aureus is one of the causative agents of bovine mastitis. The treatment using conventional antimicrobials has been hampered due to the development of antimicrobial resistance and the ability of the bacteria to form biofilms and localize inside the host cells.
OBJECTIVES: Here, the efficacy of graphene oxide (GO), a carbon-based nanomaterial, was tested against the biofilms and intracellular S. aureus invitro. Following that, the mechanism for the intracellular antimicrobial activities and GO toxicities was elucidated.
METHODS: GO antibiofilm properties were evaluated based on the disruption of biofilm structure, and the intracellular antimicrobial activities were determined by the survival of S. aureus in infected bovine mammary cells following GO exposure. The mechanism for GO intracellular antimicrobial activities was investigated using endocytosis inhibitors. GO toxicity towards the host cells was assessed using a resazurin assay.
RESULTS: At 100 ug/mL, GO reduced between 30 and 70% of S. aureus biofilm mass, suggesting GO's ability to disrupt the biofilm structure. At 200 ug/mL, GO killed almost 80% of intracellular S. aureus, and the antimicrobial activities were inhibited when cells were pre-treated with cytochalasin D, suggesting GO intracellular antimicrobial activities were dependent on the actin-polymerization of the cell membrane. At

Matched MeSH terms: Cattle Diseases*
An unusual sequel to imported Salmonella zanzibar

Johnston WS, Munro D, Reilly WJ, Sharp JC

J Hyg (Lond), 1981 Dec;87(3):525-8.
PMID: 7310130

In August, 1980 a rare serotype S. zanzibar was isolated in the North of Scotland from a man home on leave from Malaysia, whence he returned in November having been bacteriologically negative 2 months previously. In December however, S. zanzibar was isolated from a bulk milk sample taken at a nearby dairy farm. No illness occurred among milking cows which had been brought inside from pasture in mid-October. Since 1972 a variety of different salmonella serotypes had been identified in cattle, milk and other samples at this farm, with seagulls being implicated as the vector transmitting infection from the sewage of a local town on to farmland and an adjacent loch. Although water from this source has not been used in recent years for drinking by cattle, it is utilized for washing floors within the dairy premises. Since 1979, following an outbreak affecting consumers, all milk produced at the farm has been pasteurized.

Matched MeSH terms: Cattle Diseases/transmission
An evaluation of beta-hydroxybutyrate in milk and blood for prediction of subclinical ketosis in dairy cows

Samiei A, Liang JB, Ghorbani GR, Hirooka H, Yaakub H, Tabatabaei M

Pol J Vet Sci, 2010;13(2):349-56.
PMID: 20731192

The first objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between concentrations of beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) in milk and blood to assess the reliability of the BHBA concentrations in milk measured by a semi quantitative keto-test paper to detect subclinical ketosis (SCK) in 50 fresh high-producing Iranian Holstein cows in Golestan Province, Iran. The second objective was the effects of SCK on milk yield and components. Concentrations of nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) and BHBA were analyzed quantitatively in blood plasma and commercial keto-test paper was used for semi quantitative determination of BHBA concentration in milk. Milk yield was measured until 60 d after calving but milk compositions were measured until 30 d after calving. The mean plasma BHBA, milk BHBA, plasma NEFA, milk yield, milk fat percentage and milk fat: protein ratio were 1,234 micromol/L, 145 micromol/L, 0.482 mEq/L, 29.5 kg, 3.9% and 1.4, respectively. Fifty eight percent of the cows had SCK during the first month of lactation. High correlation coefficients were observed between blood BHBA and blood NEFA, and between blood and milk BHBA. The milk yield of cattle with SCK decreased (P < 0.01) but the fat percentage and milk fat: protein ratio increased (P < 0.01). The commercial keto-test paper used had a low false positive result at a cut-off point of 200 fmol of BHBA/L of milk. The results showed that the best time to assess SCK using the commercial keto-test paper was d 10, 14 and 17 after calving.

Matched MeSH terms: Cattle Diseases/blood*; Cattle Diseases/diagnosis
Fulltext A treatment for and vaccine against the deadly Hendra and Nipah viruses

Broder CC, Xu K, Nikolov DB, Zhu Z, Dimitrov DS, Middleton D, et al.

Antiviral Res, 2013 Oct;100(1):8-13.
PMID: 23838047 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2013.06.012

Hendra virus and Nipah virus are bat-borne paramyxoviruses that are the prototypic members of the genus Henipavirus. The henipaviruses emerged in the 1990s, spilling over from their natural bat hosts and causing serious disease outbreaks in humans and livestock. Hendra virus emerged in Australia and since 1994 there have been 7 human infections with 4 case fatalities. Nipah virus first appeared in Malaysia and subsequent outbreaks have occurred in Bangladesh and India. In total, there have been an estimated 582 human cases of Nipah virus and of these, 54% were fatal. Their broad species tropism and ability to cause fatal respiratory and/or neurologic disease in humans and animals make them important transboundary biological threats. Recent experimental findings in animals have demonstrated that a human monoclonal antibody targeting the viral G glycoprotein is an effective post-exposure treatment against Hendra and Nipah virus infection. In addition, a subunit vaccine based on the G glycoprotein of Hendra virus affords protection against Hendra and Nipah virus challenge. The vaccine has been developed for use in horses in Australia and is the first vaccine against a Biosafety Level-4 (BSL-4) agent to be licensed and commercially deployed. Together, these advances offer viable approaches to address Hendra and Nipah virus infection of livestock and people.

Matched MeSH terms: Cattle Diseases/drug therapy*; Cattle Diseases/immunology; Cattle Diseases/prevention & control
A survey on the prevalence of toxoplasmic antibodies in animal sera

Singh M, Zaman V, Goh TK, Kheng CS

Med J Malaya, 1967 Dec;22(2):115-7.
PMID: 4231976
Matched MeSH terms: Cattle Diseases/immunology
A survey of amphistomes of cattle and buffaloes slaughtered at the Shah Alam abattoir, Selangor, Malaysia

Ambu S

Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 1978 Sep;9(3):443-4.
PMID: 749230
Matched MeSH terms: Cattle Diseases/parasitology*
A preliminary report on the life cycle of Stephanofilaria kaeli

Mullin SW

Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 1971 Mar;2(1):84.
PMID: 5165245
Matched MeSH terms: Cattle Diseases
A comparative longitudinal study of bovine trypanosomiasis in tsetse-free and tsetse-infested zones of the Amhara Region, northwest Ethiopia

Cherenet T, Sani RA, Speybroeck N, Panandam JM, Nadzr S, Van den Bossche P

Vet Parasitol, 2006 Sep 10;140(3-4):251-8.
PMID: 16675127

A study was conducted to determine the incidence of trypanosome infections in cattle in tsetse-free and tsetse-infested zones of the Amhara Region of northwest Ethiopia. A total of six sentinel herds were established and the cattle observed during a period of 8 consecutive months. The prevalence of seropositive cattle was high in both the tsetse-free and tsetse-infested zones. The average monthly incidence of trypanosome infection, determined using molecular diagnostic tools, was 20.9% and 25.7% in the tsetse-free and the tsetse-infested zones, respectively. In the tsetse-free, Trypanosoma vivax was responsible for 90.9% of the cattle trypanosome infections. In the tsetse-infested zone, Trypanosoma congolense and T. vivax contributed almost equally to the trypanosome infections in cattle. Trypanosome infection, regardless of species, resulted in anaemia as evidenced by a significant decrease in the packed cell volume of the infected animal. The outcome of this longitudinal study suggests that control of trypanosomiasis in the Amhara Region cannot be achieved by tsetse control alone. Supplemental measures to include drug therapy and biting fly control are discussed.

Matched MeSH terms: Cattle Diseases/blood; Cattle Diseases/parasitology*
A Malaysian experience with animal disease

Little PB

Can. Vet. J., 1979 Jan;20(1):13-21.
PMID: 761153

The report summarizes a one year period of investigation of death losses in West Malaysian livestock. Lesions and etiological agents are mentioned for cattle, sheep, goats, swine, poultry and companion animals as well as some miscellaneous species. Special observations related to a common paramphistome induced hepatic biliary infestation in cattle, a serious malignant head catarrh outbreak in which possible cattle to cow aerosol transmission occurred. Trismus observed in some cattle with malignant head catarrh was associated with arteriolitis and ganglioneuritis of the V cranial nerve. Parasitic, bacterial, viral toxic and neoplastic diseases are recorded in the various species. The occurrence of fatal chronic fluorosis in laboratory guinea pigs and cerebral nematodiasis in a Thoroughbred racehorse are documented.

Matched MeSH terms: Cattle Diseases/epidemiology