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Fulltext The complete genome sequence of EC1-UPM, a novel N4-like bacteriophage that infects Escherichia coli O78:K80

Gan HM, Sieo CC, Tang SG, Omar AR, Ho YW

Virol J, 2013;10:308.
PMID: 24134834 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422X-10-308

Bacteriophage EC1-UPM is an N4-like bacteriophage which specifically infects Escherichia coli O78:K80, an avian pathogenic strain that causes colibacillosis in poultry. The complete genome sequence of bacteriophage EC1-UPM was analysed and compared with other closely related N4-like phage groups to assess their genetic similarities and differences.

Matched MeSH terms: DNA, Viral/genetics*; DNA, Viral/chemistry*; Sequence Analysis, DNA
Fulltext Genetic characterization of porcine circovirus 2 found in Malaysia

Jaganathan S, Toung OP, Yee PL, Yew TD, Yoon CP, Keong LB

Virol J, 2011;8:437.
PMID: 21914166 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422X-8-437

Porcine circovirus type 2 is the primary etiological agent associated with a group of complex multi-factorial diseases classified as Porcine Circovirus Associated Diseases (PCVAD). Sporadic cases reported in Malaysia in 2007 caused major economic losses to the 2.2 billion Malaysian ringgit (MYR) (approximately 0.7 billion US dollar) swine industry. The objective of the present study was to determine the association between the presence of PCV2 and occurrences of PCVAD.

Matched MeSH terms: DNA, Viral/genetics; DNA, Viral/chemistry; Sequence Analysis, DNA
Fulltext Molecular characterization of partial fusion gene and C-terminus extension length of haemagglutinin-neuraminidase gene of recently isolated Newcastle disease virus isolates in Malaysia

Berhanu A, Ideris A, Omar AR, Bejo MH

Virol J, 2010;7:183.
PMID: 20691110 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422X-7-183

Newcastle disease (ND), caused by Newcastle disease virus (NDV), is a highly contagious disease of birds and has been one of the major causes of economic losses in the poultry industry. Despite routine vaccination programs, sporadic cases have occasionally occurred in the country and remain a constant threat to commercial poultry. Hence, the present study was aimed to characterize NDV isolates obtained from clinical cases in various locations of Malaysia between 2004 and 2007 based on sequence and phylogenetic analysis of partial F gene and C-terminus extension length of HN gene.

Matched MeSH terms: Sequence Analysis, DNA
Fulltext Improving the potency of DNA vaccine against chicken anemia virus (CAV) by fusing VP1 protein of CAV to Marek's Disease Virus (MDV) type-1 VP22 protein

Moeini H, Omar AR, Rahim RA, Yusoff K

Virol J, 2011;8:119.
PMID: 21401953 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422X-8-119

Studies have shown that the VP22 gene of Marek's Disease Virus type-1 (MDV-1) has the property of movement between cells from the original cell of expression into the neighboring cells. The ability to facilitate the spreading of the linked proteins was used to improve the potency of the constructed DNA vaccines against chicken anemia virus (CAV).

Matched MeSH terms: Vaccines, DNA/genetics; Vaccines, DNA/immunology*
Fulltext Detection and characterization of chicken anemia virus from commercial broiler breeder chickens

Hailemariam Z, Omar AR, Hair-Bejo M, Giap TC

Virol J, 2008;5:128.
PMID: 18954433 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422X-5-128

Chicken anemia virus (CAV) is the causative agent of chicken infectious anemia (CIA). Study on the type of CAV isolates present and their genetic diversity, transmission to their progeny and level of protection afforded in the breeder farms is lacking in Malaysia. Hence, the present study was aimed to detect CAV from commercial broiler breeder farms and characterize CAV positive samples based on sequence and phylogenetic analysis of partial VP1 gene.

Matched MeSH terms: DNA, Viral/genetics; Sequence Analysis, DNA
Human enterovirus 71 subgenotype B3 lacks coxsackievirus A16-like neurovirulence in mice infection

Chan YF, AbuBakar S

Virol J, 2005;2:74.
PMID: 16122396

At least three different EV-71 subgenotypes were identified from an outbreak in Malaysia in 1998. The subgenotypes C2 and B4 were associated with the severe and fatal infections, whereas the B3 virus was associated with mild to subclinical infections. The B3 virus genome sequences had >= 85% similarity at the 3' end to CV-A16. This offers opportunities to examine if there are characteristic similarities and differences in virulence between CV-A16, EV-71 B3 and EV-71 B4 and to determine if the presence of the CV-A16-liked genes in EV-71 B3 would also confer the virus with a CV-A16-liked neurovirulence in mice model infection.

Matched MeSH terms: Sequence Analysis, DNA
Fulltext Proteolytic cleavage analysis at the Murray Valley encephalitis virus NS1-2A junction

Addis SN, Lee E, Bettadapura J, Lobigs M

Virol J, 2015;12:144.
PMID: 26377679 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-015-0375-4

Our understanding of the proteolytic processing events at the NS1-2A junction in the flavivirus polyprotein has not markedly progressed since the early work conducted on dengue virus (DENV). This work identified an octapeptide sequence located immediately upstream of the cleavage site thought to be important in substrate recognition by an as yet unknown, endoplasmic reticulum-resident host protease. Of the eight amino acid recognition sequence, the highly conserved residues at positions P1, P3, P5, P7 and P8 (with respect to N-terminus of NS2A) are particularly sensitive to amino acid substitutions in terms of DENV NS1-NS2A cleavage efficiency; however, the role of the octapeptide in efficient NS1 and NS2A production of other flaviviruses has not been experimentally addressed.

Matched MeSH terms: DNA Mutational Analysis
Fulltext Multiple gene targeting siRNAs for down regulation of Immediate Early-2 (Ie2) and DNA polymerase genes mediated inhibition of novel rat Cytomegalovirus (strain All-03)

Balakrishnan KN, Abdullah AA, Bala JA, Jesse FFA, Abdullah CAC, Noordin MM, et al.

Virol J, 2020 Oct 27;17(1):164.
PMID: 33109247 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-020-01436-5

BACKGROUND: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is an opportunistic pathogen that causes severe complications in congenitally infected newborns and non-immunocompetent individuals. Developing an effective vaccine is a major public health priority and current drugs are fronting resistance and side effects on recipients. In the present study, with the aim of exploring new strategies to counteract CMV replication, several anti-CMV siRNAs targeting IE2 and DNA polymerase gene regions were characterized and used as in combinations for antiviral therapy.
METHODS: The rat embryo fibroblast (REF) cells were transfected with multi siRNA before infecting with CMV strain ALL-03. Viral growth inhibition was measured by tissue culture infectious dose (TCID50), cytopathic effect (CPE) and droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) while IE2 and DNA polymerase gene knockdown was determined by real-time PCR. Ganciclovir was deployed as a control to benchmark the efficacy of antiviral activities of respective individual siRNAs.
RESULTS: There was no significant cytotoxicity encountered for all the combinations of siRNAs on REF cells analyzed by MTT colorimetric assay (P > 0.05). Cytopathic effects (CPE) in cells infected by RCMV ALL-03 had developed significantly less and at much slower rate compared to control group. The expression of targeted genes was downregulated successfully resulted in significant reduction (P DNA copies (dpb + dpc: 79%, 68%; dpb + ie2b: 68%, 60%; dpb + dpc + ie2b: 48%, 42%). Flow cytometry analysis showed a greater percentage of viable and early apoptosis of combined siRNAs-treated cells compared to control group. Notably, the siRNAs targeting gene regions were sequenced and mutations were not encountered, thereby avoiding the formation of mutant with potential resistant viruses.
CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion. The study demonstrated a tremendous promise of innovative approach with the deployment of combined siRNAs targeting at several genes simultaneously with the aim to control CMV replication in host cells.

Matched MeSH terms: DNA; DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase
Identification of molecular determinants of cell culture growth characteristics of Enterovirus 71

Yee PT, Tan KO, Othman I, Poh CL

Virol J, 2016 11 28;13(1):194.
PMID: 27894305

BACKGROUND: Hand, foot and mouth disease is caused by Enterovirus 71 (EV-A71) and Coxsackieviruses. EV-A71 infection is associated with high fever, rashes and ulcers but more severe symptoms such as cardiopulmonary failure and death have been reported. The lack of vaccines highlighted the urgency of developing preventive agents against EV-A71. The molecular determinants of virulent phenotypes of EV-A71 is unclear. It remains to be investigated if specific molecular determinants would affect the cell culture growth characteristics of the EV-A71 fatal strain in Rhabdomyosarcoma (RD) cells.
RESULTS: In this study, several genetically modified sub-genotype B4 EV-A71 mutants were constructed by site-directed mutations at positions 158, 475, 486, 487 and 5262 or through partial deletion of the 5'-NTR region (∆ 11 bp from nt 475 to 486) to generate a deletion mutant (PD). EV-A71 mutants 475 and PD caused minimal cytopathic effects, produced lowest viral RNA copy number, viral particles as well as minimal amount of viral protein (VP1) in RD cells when compared to mutants 158, 486, 487 and 5262.
CONCLUSIONS: The molecular determinants of virulent phenotypes of EV-A71 sub-genotype B4 strain 41 (5865/Sin/000009) were found to differ from the C158 molecular determinant reported for the fatal EV-A71 sub-genotype B1 strain (clinical isolate 237). The site-directed mutations (SDM) introduced at various sites of the cDNA affected growth of the various mutants when compared to the wild type. Lowest viral RNA copy number, minimal number of plaques formed, higher infectious doses required for 50% lethality of RD cells and much reduced VP1 of the EV-A71 sub-genotype B4 strain 41 genome was attained in mutants carrying SDM at position 475 and through partial deletion of 11 bp at the 5'-NTR region.

Matched MeSH terms: DNA Mutational Analysis
Fulltext Lineage diversification of pigeon paramyxovirus effect re-emergence potential in chickens

Chong YL, Kim O, Poss M

Virology, 2014 Aug;462-463:309-17.
PMID: 25010480 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2014.06.007

Genotype VI-paramyxovirus (GVI-PMV1) is a major cause of epidemic Newcastle-like disease in Columbiformes. This genotype of avian paramyxovirus type 1 has diversified rapidly since its introduction into the US in 1982 resulting in two extant lineages, which have different population growth properties. Although some GVI-PMV1s replicate poorly in chickens, it is possible that variants with different replicative or pathogenic potential in chickens exist among the genetically-diverse GVI-PMV1s strains. To determine if variants of Columbiform GVI-PMV1 with different phylogenetic affiliations have distinct phenotypic properties in chickens, we investigated the replicative properties of 10 naturally circulating pigeon-derived isolates representing four subgroups of GVI-PMV1 in primary chicken lung epithelial cells and in chicken embryos. Our data demonstrate that GVI-PMV1 variants have different infection phenotypes in their chicken source host and that properties reflect subgroup affiliation. These subgroup replicative properties are consistent with observed dynamics of viral population growth.

Matched MeSH terms: Sequence Analysis, DNA
Small circular single stranded DNA viral genomes in unexplained cases of human encephalitis, diarrhea, and in untreated sewage

Phan TG, Mori D, Deng X, Rajindrajith S, Ranawaka U, Fan Ng TF, et al.

Virology, 2015 Aug;482:98-104.
PMID: 25839169 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2015.03.011

Viruses with small circular ssDNA genomes encoding a replication initiator protein can infect a wide range of eukaryotic organisms ranging from mammals to fungi. The genomes of two such viruses, a cyclovirus (CyCV-SL) and gemycircularvirus (GemyCV-SL) were detected by deep sequencing of the cerebrospinal fluids of Sri Lankan patients with unexplained encephalitis. One and three out of 201 CSF samples (1.5%) from unexplained encephalitis patients tested by PCR were CyCV-SL and GemyCV-SL DNA positive respectively. Nucleotide similarity searches of pre-existing metagenomics datasets revealed closely related genomes in feces from unexplained cases of diarrhea from Nicaragua and Brazil and in untreated sewage from Nepal. Whether the tropism of the cyclovirus and gemycircularvirus reported here include humans or other cellular sources in or on the human body remains to be determined.

Matched MeSH terms: DNA, Circular/genetics*; DNA, Circular/isolation & purification; DNA, Single-Stranded/genetics*; DNA, Single-Stranded/isolation & purification; Sequence Analysis, DNA
Infectious cDNA clone of attenuated Langat tick-borne flavivirus (strain E5) and a 3' deletion mutant constructed from it exhibit decreased neuroinvasiveness in immunodeficient mice

Pletnev AG

Virology, 2001 Apr 10;282(2):288-300.
PMID: 11289811

Forty-five years ago a naturally attenuated tick-borne flavivirus, Langat (LGT) strain TP21, was recovered from ticks in Malaysia. Subsequently, it was tested as a live attenuated vaccine for virulent tick-borne encephalitis viruses. In a large clinical trial its attenuation was confirmed but there was evidence of a low level of residual virulence. Thirty-five years ago further attenuation of LGT TP21 was achieved by multiple passages in eggs to yield mutant E5. To study the genetic determinants of the further attenuation exhibited by E5 and to allow us to manipulate the genome of this virus for the purpose of developing a satisfactory live attenuated tick-borne flavivirus vaccine, we recovered infectious E5 virus from a full-length cDNA clone. The recombinant E5 virus (clone 651) recovered from a full-length infectious cDNA clone was more attenuated in immunodeficient mice than that of its biologically derived E5 parent. Increase in attenuation was associated with three amino acid substitutions, two located in the structural protein E and one in nonstructural protein NS4B. Subsequently an even greater degree of attenuation was achieved by creating a viable 320 nucleotide deletion in the 3'-noncoding region of infectious full-length E5 cDNA. This deletion mutant was not cytopathic in simian Vero cells and it replicated to lower titer than its E5-651 parent. In addition, the E5 3' deletion mutant was less neuroinvasive in SCID mice than its E5-651 parent. Significantly, the deletion mutant proved to be 119,750 times less neuroinvasive in SCID mice than its progenitor, LGT strain TP21. Despite its high level of attenuation, the E5 3' deletion mutant remained highly immunogenic and intraperitoneal (ip) inoculation of 10 PFU induced complete protection in Swiss mice against subsequent challenge with 2000 ip LD50 of the wild-type LGT TP21.

Matched MeSH terms: DNA, Recombinant/genetics*; DNA, Viral/genetics*; DNA, Complementary/genetics
Molecular characterization of Nipah virus, a newly emergent paramyxovirus

Harcourt BH, Tamin A, Ksiazek TG, Rollin PE, Anderson LJ, Bellini WJ, et al.

Virology, 2000 Jun 5;271(2):334-49.
PMID: 10860887

Recently, a new paramyxovirus, now known as Nipah virus (NV), emerged in Malaysia and Singapore, causing fatal encephalitis in humans and a respiratory syndrome in pigs. Initial studies had indicated that NV is antigenically and genetically related to Hendra virus (HV). We generated the sequences of the N, P/C/V, M, F, and G genes of NV and compared these sequences with those of HV and other members of the family Paramyxoviridae. The intergenic regions of NV were identical to those of HV, and the gene start and stop sequences of NV were nearly identical to those of HV. The open reading frames (ORFs) for the V and C proteins within the P gene were found in NV, but the ORF encoding a potential short basic protein found in the P gene of HV was not conserved in NV. The N, P, C, V, M, F, and G ORFs in NV have nucleotide homologies ranging from 88% to 70% and predicted amino acid homologies ranging from 92% to 67% in comparison with HV. The predicted fusion cleavage sequence of the F protein of NV had a single amino acid substitution (K to R) in comparison with HV. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that although HV and NV are closely related, they are clearly distinct from any of the established genera within the Paramyxoviridae and should be considered a new genus.

Matched MeSH terms: Sequence Analysis, DNA
Molecular characterization of the polymerase gene and genomic termini of Nipah virus

Harcourt BH, Tamin A, Halpin K, Ksiazek TG, Rollin PE, Bellini WJ, et al.

Virology, 2001 Aug 15;287(1):192-201.
PMID: 11504554

In 1998, Nipah virus (NV) emerged in peninsular Malaysia, causing fatal encephalitis in humans and a respiratory disease in swine. NV is most closely related to Hendra virus (HV), a paramyxovirus that was identified in Australia in 1994, and it has been proposed that HV and NV represent a new genus within the family Paramyxoviridae. This report describes the analysis of the sequences of the polymerase gene (L) and genomic termini of NV as well as a comparison of the full-length, genomic sequences of HV and NV. The L gene of NV is predicted to be 2244 amino acids in size and contains the six domains found within the L proteins of all nonsegmented, negative-stranded (NNS) RNA viruses. However, the GDNQ motif found in most NNS RNA viruses was replaced by GDNE in both NV and HV. The 3' and 5' termini of the NV genome are nearly identical to the genomic termini of HV and share sequence homology with the genomic termini of other members of the subfamily Paramyxovirinae. At 18,246 nucleotides, the genome of NV is 12 nucleotides longer than the genome of HV and they have the largest genomes within the family Paramyxoviridae. The comparison of the structures of the genomes of HV and NV is now complete and this information will help to establish the taxonomic position of these novel viruses within the family Paramyxoviridae.

Matched MeSH terms: DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases/genetics*; DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases/chemistry; Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique
Tioman virus, a novel paramyxovirus isolated from fruit bats in Malaysia

Chua KB, Wang LF, Lam SK, Crameri G, Yu M, Wise T, et al.

Virology, 2001 May 10;283(2):215-29.
PMID: 11336547

A search for the natural host of Nipah virus has led to the isolation of a previously unknown member of the family Paramyxoviridae. Tioman virus (TiV) was isolated from the urine of fruit bats (Pteropus hypomelanus) found on the island of the same name off the eastern coast of peninsular Malaysia. An electron microscopic study of TiV-infected cells revealed spherical and pleomorphic-enveloped viral particles (100--500 nm in size) with a single fringe of embedded peplomers. Virus morphogenesis occurred at the plasma membrane of infected cells and morphological features of negative-stained ribonucleoprotein complexes were compatible with that of viruses in the family Paramyxoviridae. Serological studies revealed no cross-reactivity with antibodies against a number of known Paramyxoviridae members except for the newly described Menangle virus (MenV), isolated in Australia in 1997. Failure of PCR amplification using MenV-specific primers suggested that this new virus is related to but different from MenV. For molecular characterization of the virus, a cDNA subtraction strategy was employed to isolate virus-specific cDNA from virus-infected cells. Complete gene sequences for the nucleocapsid protein (N) and phosphoprotein (P/V) have been determined and recombinant N and V proteins produced in baculovirus. The recombinant N and V proteins reacted with porcine anti-MenV sera in Western blot, confirming the serological cross-reactivity observed during initial virus characterization. The lack of a C protein-coding region in the P/V gene, the creation of P mRNA by insertion of 2-G residues, and the results of phylogenetic analyses all indicated that TiV is a novel member of the genus Rubulavirus.

Matched MeSH terms: DNA, Complementary
Rice tungro bacilliform virus open reading frame 3 encodes a single 37-kDa coat protein

Marmey P, Bothner B, Jacquot E, de Kochko A, Ong CA, Yot P, et al.

Virology, 1999 Jan 20;253(2):319-26.
PMID: 9918890

Rice tungro bacilliform virus (RTBV) is a plant pararetrovirus and a member of the Caulimoviridae family and closely related to viruses in the Badnavirus genus. The coat protein of RTBV is part of the large polyprotein encoded by open reading frame 3 (ORF3). ORF3 of an RTBV isolate from Malaysia was sequenced (accession no. AF076470) and compared with published sequences for the region that encodes the coat protein or proteins. Molecular mass of virion proteins was determined by mass spectrometry (matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-TOF) performed on purified virus particles from three RTBV isolates from Malaysia. The N- and C-terminal amino acid sequences of the coat protein were deduced from the mass spectral analysis, leading to the conclusion that purified virions contain a single coat protein of 37 kDa. The location of the coat protein domain in ORF3 was reinforced as a result of immunodetection reactions using antibodies raised against six different segments of ORF3 using Western immunoblots after SDS-PAGE and isoelectrofocusing of proteins purified from RTBV particles. These studies demonstrate that RTBV coat protein is released from the polyprotein as a single coat protein of 37 kDa.

Matched MeSH terms: DNA, Viral
Molecular characterization of the Japanese encephalitis serocomplex of the flavivirus genus

Poidinger M, Hall RA, Mackenzie JS

Virology, 1996 Apr 15;218(2):417-21.
PMID: 8610471

The Japanese encephalitis (JE) serocomplex of flaviviruses comprises 10 members, 9 of which: Alfuy (ALF); Koutango (KOU); Kokobera (KOK); Kunjin (KUN); Murray Valley encephalitis (MVE); JE; Stratford (STR); Usutu (USU); and West Nile (WN) have been isolated from Africa, southern Europe, Middle East, Asia, and Australia. The tenth member, St. Louis encephalitis (SLE) virus, is confined to North, Central, and South America. For ALF, KOK, KOU, STR, and USU, no sequence data have as yet been reported, and little molecular phylogeny has been determined for this complex as a whole. Using a rapid, one-step RT-PCR and universal primers, we have amplified and sequenced a 450-600 base pair region of the virus genome encompassing the N terminus of the nonstructural protein NS5 and the 5' end of the 3' noncoding region, for several strains of all of these viruses, except USU and SLE viruses. These data, as well as published sequence data for other flaviviruses, were analyzed with the ClustalW and Phylip computer packages. The resultant phylogenetic data were consistent with some of the current flavivirus serological classification, showing a close relationship between ALF and MVE viruses and between KOK and STR viruses, but suggested that KOK and STR are distantly related to the other viruses and should perhaps be reclassified in their own serocomplex. The data also confirmed the close relationship between KUN and WN viruses and showed that an isolate of KUN virus from Sarawak may represent a "link" between these two virus species. In addition, the primary sequence data revealed a polymorphic region just downstream of the stop codon in the 3' end of the viral genomes.

Matched MeSH terms: Sequence Analysis, DNA; DNA Primers
Fulltext Molecular epidemiology demonstrates that imported and local strains circulated during the 2014 dengue outbreak in Guangzhou, China

Li G, Pan P, He Q, Kong X, Wu K, Zhang W, et al.

Virol Sin, 2017 Feb;32(1):63-72.
PMID: 28120220 DOI: 10.1007/s12250-016-3872-8

The dengue virus (DENV) is a vital global public health issue. The 2014 dengue epidemic in Guangzhou, China, caused approximately 40,000 cases of infection and five deaths. We carried out a comprehensive investigation aimed at identifying the transmission sources in this dengue epidemic. To analyze the phylogenetics of the 2014 dengue strains, the envelope (E) gene sequences from 17 viral strains isolated from 168 dengue patient serum samples were sequenced and a phylogenetic tree was reconstructed. All 17 strains were serotype I strains, including 8 genotype I and 9 genotype V strains. Additionally, 6 genotype I strains that were probably introduced to China from Thailand before 2009 were widely transmitted in the 2013 and 2014 epidemics, and they continued to circulate until 2015, with one affinis strain being found in Singapore. The other 2 genotype I strains were introduced from the Malaya Peninsula in 2014. The transmission source of the 9 genotype V strains was from Malaysia in 2014. DENVs of different serotypes and genotypes co-circulated in the 2014 dengue outbreak in Guangzhou. Moreover, not only had DENV been imported to Guangzhou, but it had also been gradually exported, as the viruses exhibited an enzootic transmission cycle in Guangzhou.

Matched MeSH terms: Sequence Analysis, DNA
Host evasion by emerging paramyxoviruses: Hendra virus and Nipah virus v proteins inhibit interferon signaling

Rodriguez JJ, Horvath CM

Viral Immunol, 2004;17(2):210-9.
PMID: 15279700

Interferon (IFN) can activate Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (STAT) proteins to establish a cellular antiviral response and inhibit virus replication. Many viruses have evolved strategies to inhibit this antiviral mechanism, but paramyxoviruses are unique in their abilities to directly target the IFN-responsive STAT proteins. Hendra virus and Nipah virus (Henipaviruses) are recently emerged paramyxoviruses that are the causative agents of fatal disease outbreaks in Australia and peninsular Malaysia. Similar to other paramyxoviruses, Henipaviruses inhibit IFN signal transduction through a virus-encoded protein called V. Recent studies have shown that Henipavirus V proteins target STAT proteins by inducing the formation of cytoplasmically localized high molecular weight STAT-containing complexes. This sequestration of STAT1 and STAT2 prevents STAT activation and blocks antiviral IFN signaling. As the V proteins are important factors for host evasion, they represent logical targets for therapeutics directed against Henipavirus epidemics.

Matched MeSH terms: DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism
A Novel Recombinant Canine Adenovirus Type 1 Detected from Acute Lethal Cases of Infectious Canine Hepatitis

Wong M, Woolford L, Hasan NH, Hemmatzadeh F

Viral Immunol, 2017 05;30(4):258-263.
PMID: 28426340 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2016.0041

In this study, canine adenoviruses (CAdVs) from two acute fatal cases of infectious canine hepatitis (ICH) were analyzed using molecular detection and sequencing of the pVIII, E3, and fiber protein genes. Pathological findings in affected dogs were typical for CAdV-1 associated disease, characterized by severe centrilobular to panlobular necrohemorrhagic hepatitis and the development of disseminated intravascular coagulation in the terminal stages of disease. Comparison of partial genome sequences revealed that although these newly detected viruses mainly had CAdV-1 genome characteristics, their pVIII gene was more similar to that of CAdV-2. This likely suggests that a recombination has occurred between CAdV-1 and CAdV-2, which possibly explains the cause of vaccine failure or increased virulence of the virus in the observed ICH cases.

Matched MeSH terms: Sequence Analysis, DNA

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