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Duration of hypertension and antihypertensive agents in correlation with the phases of female sexual response cycle

Latif RA, Muhamad R, Ann AY, Sidi H, Nik Jaafar NR, Midin M, et al.

Compr Psychiatry, 2014 Jan;55 Suppl 1:S7-12.
PMID: 23206495 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2012.10.008

This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the construct of the phases of the female sexual response cycle (SRC) in women with hypertension and their association with the duration of hypertension and types of antihypertensive agents.

Matched MeSH terms: Factor Analysis, Statistical
Factor analysis study on sexual responses in women with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Ismail AH, Bau R, Sidi H, Guan NC, Naing L, Nik Jaafar NR, et al.

Compr Psychiatry, 2014 Jan;55 Suppl 1:S34-7.
PMID: 23375262 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2012.12.028

This study compared the components of sexual responses between Malaysian women with Type 2 diabetes mellitus and those without the disease.

Matched MeSH terms: Factor Analysis, Statistical
Fulltext Psychometric properties of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) across cross-cultural subgroups, genders, and sexual orientations: Findings from the International Sex Survey (ISS)

Horváth Z, Nagy L, Koós M, Kraus SW, Demetrovics Z, Potenza MN, et al.

Compr Psychiatry, 2023 Nov;127:152427.
PMID: 37782987 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2023.152427

INTRODUCTION: Despite being a widely used screening questionnaire, there is no consensus on the most appropriate measurement model for the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT). Furthermore, there have been limited studies on its measurement invariance across cross-cultural subgroups, genders, and sexual orientations.
AIMS: The present study aimed to examine the fit of different measurement models for the AUDIT and its measurement invariance across a wide range of subgroups by country, language, gender, and sexual orientation.
METHODS: Responses concerning past-year alcohol use from the participants of the cross-sectional International Sex Survey were considered (N = 62,943; Mage: 32.73; SD = 12.59). Confirmatory factor analysis, as well as measurement invariance tests were performed for 21 countries, 14 languages, three genders, and four sexual-orientation subgroups that met the minimum sample size requirement for inclusion in these analyses.
RESULTS: A two-factor model with factors describing 'alcohol use' (items 1-3) and 'alcohol problems' (items 4-10) showed the best model fit across countries, languages, genders, and sexual orientations. For the former two, scalar and latent mean levels of invariance were reached considering different criteria. For gender and sexual orientation, a latent mean level of invariance was reached.
CONCLUSIONS: In line with the two-factor model, the calculation of separate alcohol-use and alcohol-problem scores is recommended when using the AUDIT. The high levels of measurement invariance achieved for the AUDIT support its use in cross-cultural research, capable also of meaningful comparisons among genders and sexual orientations.

Matched MeSH terms: Factor Analysis, Statistical
Statistical factorial analysis approach for parameter calibration on material nonlinearity of intervertebral disc finite element model

Masni-Azian, Tanaka M

Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin, 2017 Aug;20(10):1066-1076.
PMID: 28532164 DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2017.1331345

In the biomechanics field, material parameters calibration is significant for finite element (FE) model to ensure a legit estimation of biomechanical response. Determining an appropriate combination of calibration factors is challenging as each constitutive component responds differently. This study proposes a statistical factorial analysis approach using L16(4(5)) orthogonal array to evaluate material nonlinearity and applicable calibration factor of the intervertebral disc FE model in pure moment. The calibrated model exhibits improved agreement to the experimental findings for all directions. Appropriate combination of calibration parameter reduces the estimation gap to the experimental findings, ensuring agreeable biomechanical responses.

Matched MeSH terms: Factor Analysis, Statistical*
Testing the Strain Theory of Suicide - The Moderating Role of Social Support

Lew B, Chistopolskaya K, Liu Y, Talib MA, Mitina O, Zhang J

Crisis, 2020 Mar;41(2):82-88.
PMID: 30935245 DOI: 10.1027/0227-5910/a000604

Background: According to the strain theory of suicide, strains, resulting from conﬂicting and competing pressures in an individual's life, are hypothesized to precede suicide. But social support is an important factor that can mitigate strains and lessen their input in suicidal behavior. Aims: This study was designed to assess the moderating role of social support in the relation between strain and suicidality. Methods: A sample of 1,051 employees were recruited in Beijing, the capital of China, through an online survey. Moderation analysis was performed using SPSS PROCESS Macro. Social support was measured with the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, and strains were assessed with the Psychological Strains Scale. Results: Psychological strains are a good predictor of suicidality, and social support, a basic need for each human being, moderates and decreases the effects of psychological strains on suicidality. Limitations: The cross-sectional survey limited the extent to which conclusions about causal relationships can be drawn. Furthermore, the results may not be generalized to the whole of China because of its diversity. Conclusion: Social support has a tendency to mitigate the effects of psychological strains on suicidality.

Matched MeSH terms: Factor Analysis, Statistical
Measurement Invariance of the Internet Addiction Test Among Hong Kong, Japanese, and Malaysian Adolescents

Lai CM, Mak KK, Cheng C, Watanabe H, Nomachi S, Bahar N, et al.

Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw, 2015 Oct;18(10):609-17.
PMID: 26468915 DOI: 10.1089/cyber.2015.0069

There has been increased research examining the psychometric properties on the Internet Addiction Test (IAT) in different populations. This population-based study examined the psychometric properties and measurement invariance of the IAT in adolescents from three Asian countries. In the Asian Adolescent Risk Behavior Survey (AARBS), 2,535 secondary school students (55.9% girls) aged 12-18 years from Hong Kong (n=844), Japan (n=744), and Malaysia (n=947) completed a survey in 2012-2013 school year. A nested hierarchy of hypotheses concerning the IAT cross-country invariance was tested using multigroup confirmatory factor analyses. Replicating past findings in Hong Kong adolescents, the construct of the IAT is best represented by a second-order three-factor structure in Malaysian and Japanese adolescents. Configural, metric, scalar, and partial strict factorial invariance was established across the three samples. No cross-country differences on Internet addiction were detected at the latent mean level. This study provided empirical support for the IAT as a reliable and factorially stable instrument, and valid to be used across Asian adolescent populations.

Matched MeSH terms: Factor Analysis, Statistical
Fulltext Dataset on positive mental health of Indonesian, Malaysian, and Thailand university students

Chusniyah T, Jaafar JLS, Chaiwutikornwanich A, Kuswandi D, Firmanto A, Mustopa A, et al.

Data Brief, 2020 Oct;32:106314.
PMID: 32995402 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2020.106314

The present data article provides a descriptive and analytical exploration on the links between positive mental health, subjective happiness, forgiveness, humility, and information literacy self-efficacy among 969 undergraduate students from Indonesia, Malaysia, and Thailand. There are 355 males and 614 females with an average age of 20.47 years and a standard deviation of 1.87. Respondents are recruited by simple random sampling using face to face method, at one time data retrieval during 2019. The Indonesian, Malaysian and Thailand-version questionnaires were provided to each groups of participants according to their nationality and native language, using back-to-back analysis. The socio-demographic details of the respondents, descriptive statistics, confirmatory factor analysis, correlation matrix of all variables in all groups according to country, results of regression analysis of variables, and Kruskal Wallis for all five variables in all groups are provided.

Matched MeSH terms: Factor Analysis, Statistical
Fulltext The data on exploratory factor structure of [pre-service] teacher beliefs about educational research scale

Purnomo YW, Prananto IW, Driana E, Saparanti K, Nuriadin I, Ismail SN

Data Brief, 2020 Dec;33:106578.
PMID: 33318973 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2020.106578

This article presents data on factors that depict [pre-service] teacher beliefs about educational research. A cross-sectional survey was used to collect the data that involved 352 final-year students working on their undergraduate theses. The students were registered in the faculty of teacher training and education in one of the private universities with an A (excellent) accreditation in Jakarta, Indonesia. The participants were selected conveniently. Exploratory factor analysis was performed to reveal the factors comprised in the data. 49 out of 72 items formed five factors: negative views about educational research, positive views about educational research, knowledge about educational research, open-mindedness, and accessibility.

Matched MeSH terms: Factor Analysis, Statistical
The dataset for the stages of concerns of public-school teachers towards the use of e-learning platform: Malaysian context

He YZ, Yusop FD

Data Brief, 2020 Apr;29:105230.
PMID: 32123703 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2020.105230

This dataset contains demographic information of 355 respondents and a validated 32-items Stages of Concerns Questionnaire (SoCQ). The SoCQ questionnaire was developed based on the Concerns-Based Adoption Model (CBAM) which measures seven stages of concerns as the variables. They are unconcerned, informational, personal, management, consequence, collaboration and refocusing. The data was firstly tested with normality, followed by validity checking using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). It is useful for policy makers and stakeholders to have a thorough understanding about teachers' concerns on the use of the e-learning platform and thus, design suitable interventions to smoothen the adoption process of using the technology. This set of data could be used in a multi-racial developing country for more complex analyses.

Matched MeSH terms: Factor Analysis, Statistical
Fulltext Data relating to factors affecting teachers' burnout: A sem analysis in an Asian context

Prasojo LD, Habibi A, Yaakob MFM, Pratama R, Yusof MR, Mukminin A, et al.

Data Brief, 2020 Jun;30:105448.
PMID: 32309526 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2020.105448

The dataset presents the relationship between Teacher Self-Concept (TSC) and Teacher Efficacy (TE) as the predictors predicting burnout. Three components of burnout involved are Emotional Exhaustion (EE), Depersonalization (DP), and Reduced Personal Accomplishment (RPA). Various statistical approaches such as Content Validity Index (CVI), Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), Covariance-Based Structural Equation Modeling (CB-SEM) were addressed. Eight hundred seventy six Indonesian teachers form 3 provinces were willing to get involved by filling in the instrument. The data can be used for the educational institutions and centers to issue policies overcoming burnout among teachers, teachers to understand factors affecting their burnout, and future researchers extend the model offered by this dataset. This dataset is co-submitted from Heliyon entitled "Teachers' burnout: A SEM analysis in an Asian context" [1].

Matched MeSH terms: Factor Analysis, Statistical
Malaysian adaptation of the physical activity scale for individuals with physical disabilities in individuals with spinal cord injury

Mat Rosly M, Halaki M, Mat Rosly H, Davis GM, Hasnan N, Husain R

Disabil Rehabil, 2020 07;42(14):2067-2075.
PMID: 30686132 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2018.1544294

Purpose: The Physical Activity Scale for Individuals with Physical Disabilities questionnaire provides an assessment of physical activity after spinal cord injury. This study sought to adapt, with cultural competence, the English questionnaire and translate it into Bahasa Malaysia, including evaluation of content and face validity, internal consistency and test-retest reliability, and completion of a factor analysis in order to validate the Malaysian version.Materials and methods: A total of 250 participants completed the questionnaire that was distributed via email, postal mail, the internet, physically and by word of mouth. Sixty-eight respondents were re-contacted to complete the questionnaire again.Results: The adapted PASIPD demonstrated adequate internal consistency Cronbach's α = 0.68 and acceptable test-retest reliability, intraclass correlation = 0.87. Factor analysis extracted four main dimensions for physical activity; factor 1 (heavy housework, home repair, lawn work and gardening), factor 2 (sports and recreation), factor 3 (light housework and caring for another person) and factor 4 (leisure and occupational activities) that accounted for 64% of the physical activities' total variance.Conclusion: The Malaysian-adapted English and translated Bahasa Malaysia versions of the questionnaires intended to measure physical activity levels in individuals with spinal cord injury, demonstrated good to acceptable validity and reliability. However, some individual items revealed weak reliability measures. Further work is needed to validate the questionnaire's criterion validity against other physical activity measures.Implications for rehabilitationThe Malaysian adaptation of the Physical Activity Scale for Individuals with Physical Disabilities questionnaire provided preliminary support for its use since it has demonstrated adequate construct validity and reliability.The Malaysian adaptation of the Physical Activity Scale for Individuals with Physical Disabilities questionnaire can quantify the physical activity level of community-dwelling individuals with spinal cord injury, whilst deriving descriptive information on their physical activities.Deploying the Physical Activity Scale for Individuals with Physical Disabilities questionnaire to a spinal cord injury population in Malaysia may provide the first data on activities of daily living in an Asian developing country.

Matched MeSH terms: Factor Analysis, Statistical
Fulltext Development and Psychometric Validation of a Questionnaire to Evaluate Knowledge and Attitude Towards Medication Error Reporting Among Pharmacists

Mamat R, Awang SA, Ab Rahman AF

Drug Healthc Patient Saf, 2020;12:95-101.
PMID: 32523381 DOI: 10.2147/DHPS.S249104

Purpose: Assessment of medication errors (ME) is crucial to improving the quality of health care. A questionnaire that can be used to explore pharmacists' perspectives regarding ME would be very useful as part of an ongoing process of quality improvement in patient care. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a questionnaire to measure perceived causes of ME and attitude towards ME reporting among pharmacists.
Methods: The questionnaire was developed from the literature together with outcomes from focus group discussions. It was divided into two domains which are knowledge on ME and attitude towards ME reporting. Content validity index (I-CVI), exploratory factor analysis (EFA), Cronbach alpha and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) to assess test-retest reliability were obtained during the validation process.
Results: Overall Cronbach alpha for internal consistency was good (0.742), where subscale of the questionnaire demonstrated adequate internal consistency, with Cronbach alpha value 0.83 for knowledge and 0.70 for reporting behaviour attitude. The I-CVI showed good scores (knowledge=0.88) and (attitude=0.81), while ICC was moderately accepted with a value of 0.77. Two factors were extracted from the 16 items in EFA.
Conclusion: The questionnaire to assess knowledge on ME and attitude towards ME reporting among pharmacists is valid and reliable. It demonstrates good psychometric properties.

Matched MeSH terms: Factor Analysis, Statistical
A psychometric investigation of Brazilian Portuguese versions of the Caregiver Eating Messages Scale and Intuitive Eating Scale-2

da Silva WR, Neves AN, Ferreira L, Campos JADB, Swami V

Eat Weight Disord, 2020 Feb;25(1):221-230.
PMID: 30076529 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-018-0557-3

The Caregiver Eating Messages Scale (CEMS) was developed to assess perceived restrictive or critical caregiver messages in relation to food intake and pressure to eat, whereas the Intuitive Eating Scale-2 (IES-2) measures one's tendency to follow internal cues of hunger and satiety when making eating-related decisions. Both scales are useful in the arsenal of eating behaviour scholars. Here, we developed Brazilian Portuguese translations of both scales and assessed their psychometric properties in Brazilian adults. A total of 288 participants (men = 52.8%) completed the CEMS, IES-2, Body Appreciation Scale (BAS), and a demographic questionnaire. The results of confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the factor structure of both scales had adequate fit following the elimination of items and addition of covariances. Evidence of adequate factorial, convergent and discriminant validity, as well as reliability was identified. Furthermore, correlations of CEMS and IES-2 with BAS scores and body mass index were obtained. Both instruments' models were found to be invariant across sex, with men having significantly higher scores on three subscales of the IES-2 only. These results provide evidence for the psychometric properties of the CEMS and IES-2 in Brazilian Portuguese-speaking adults.Level of Evidence: V, cross-sectional descriptive study.

Matched MeSH terms: Factor Analysis, Statistical
The intuitive eating scale-2: re-evaluating its factor structure using a bifactor exploratory structural equation modelling framework

Swami V, Maïano C, Furnham A, Robinson C

Eat Weight Disord, 2022 May;27(4):1349-1357.
PMID: 34292529 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-021-01271-9

PURPOSE: Previous studies examining the appropriateness of the 4-factor model of intuitive eating scale-2 (IES-2) scores have returned equivocal results, which may reflect methodological limitations in the way IES-2 scores are modelled. Here, we applied a bifactor-exploratory structural equation modelling (B-ESEM) framework to better understand IES-2 multidimensionality.
METHODS: A total of 603 participants from the United States completed the IES-2, alongside measures of body appreciation, body acceptance from others, and self-esteem. Our analyses compared the fit of various hypothesised models of IES-2 scores.
RESULTS: Models of IES-2 scores based on confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) uniformly showed poor fit. ESEM models showed superior fit to CFA representations and a B-ESEM model showed improved fit over higher-order CFA and B-CFA representations of IES-2 scores. The optimal model was a B-ESEM model that accounted for, through correlated uniqueness (CU), the methodological artefact introduced by negatively-worded IES-2 items. This B-ESEM-CU model was fully invariant across gender and showed adequate construct validity.
CONCLUSION: The B-ESEM-CU framework appears well-suited to understand the multidimensionality of IES-2 scores. A model of IES-2 scores that yields a reliable latent indicator of global intuitive eating while allowing for simultaneous consideration of additional specific factors will likely provide more accurate accounting of the nature and outcomes of intuitive eating.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III, cohort study.

Matched MeSH terms: Factor Analysis, Statistical
Fulltext Reliability and validity of the adult learning inventory among medical students

Muhamad Saiful Bahri Yusoff

Education in Medicine Journal, 2011;3(1):22-31.
MyJurnal

Objective: To determine the internal consistency and construct validity of the Adult Learning Inventory (AL-i) among first year medical students in a Malaysian medical school. Methods: Cross sectional study was done on 196 first year medical student in Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM). The Cronbach’s alpha reliability analysis, exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were applied to measure internal consistency and construct validity of the AL-i respectively. These analyses were done using Predictive Analytics SoftWare (PASW) version 18 and Analysis of Moment Structure (AMOS) version 19. Result: A total of 196 medical students responded to this study. Exploratory factor analysis showed that two potential constructs would be extracted from the inventory. The confirmatory factor analysis showed the two factor model with six items had a good fit with the latent constructs (X2 (df) = 25.63 (8), p = 0.048, RMR = 0.045, GFI = 0.974, AGFI = 0.933, NFI = 0.974, RFI = 0.951, IFI = 0.987, TLI = 0.975, CFI = 0.987, RMSEA = 0.07). Each domain of the final model of the AL-i has three items. The Cronbach’s alpha value of the AL-i was 0.72. The Cronbach’s alpha values of andragogy and pedagogy domains were 0.87 and 0.86 respectively. Composite Reliability and Average Variance Extracted values were more than 0.6 and 0.5 respectively indicating good construct reliability and adequate convergent validity. Conclusion: This study suggested that the two factor model with 6 items of the AL-i has a good fit and shown good psychometric values. It is a valid and reliability measurement to determine types of leaner among first year medical students.

Matched MeSH terms: Factor Analysis, Statistical
Fulltext Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) of USM Emotional Quotient Inventory (USMEQ-i) among medical degree program applicants in Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM)

Wan Nor Arifin, Muhamad Saiful Bahri Yusoff, Nyi Nyi Naing

Education in Medicine Journal, 2012;4(2):26-44.
MyJurnal

Introduction: Emotional intelligence (EI) is deemed an important aspect of being good medical doctors. Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM) Emotional Quotient Inventory (USMEQ-i) is an EI inventory in Malay language developed primarily as medical student selection tool in USM. Although it was already validated by exploratory factor analysis (EFA), EFA is considered insufficient evidence of construct validity, thus confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted. Objectives: To determine measurement model validity and construct validity of USMEQ-i among medical degree program applicants in USM by CFA. Methods: USMEQ-i data file for medical degree program applicants in USM for year 2010/2011 and 2011/2012 academic sessions were obtained from Medical Education Department in USM. A random sample of 512 cases was drawn from the data file. Of the sample, only 453 cases were valid study sample after preliminary data screening and assumption checking. CFA was conducted on the sample using maximum likelihood (ML) estimation with bootstrapping technique due to violation of multivariate normality assumption. USMEQ-i measurement model was proposed as a second-order EI factor with seven first-order factors of EI and a Faking Index (FI) factor, with correlation between second-order EI factor and FI factor. Results: The proposed model could not be fit into the study sample data. EI factors and FI factor had to be analyzed separately due to non-positive definite problem. After modifications to the model, CFA of EI factors were suggestive of two-factor model instead of the proposed seven-factor model. Consciousness, Maturity and Control (CoMaCt). CFA of FI factor maintained one-factor model and also valid in term of construct. Conclusion: The modified USMEQ-i, which consisted of separate EI and FI models, was proven to have valid measurement models and reliable constructs. It is considered to be suitable for use among applicants to medical degree program in USM. However, its use as medical student selection tool may require further research, especially how predictive USMEQ-i scores with real performance of medical students, generalizability of the inventory and its stability over time.

Matched MeSH terms: Factor Analysis, Statistical
Fulltext A confirmatory factor analysis study on the medical student stressor questionnaire among Malaysian medical students

Muhamad Saiful Bahri Yusoff

Education in Medicine Journal, 2011;3(1):44-53.
MyJurnal

Objective: To determine the construct validity, convergent validity, construct reliability and internal consistency of the Medical Student Stressor Questionnaire (MSSQ) among first-year medical students in Malaysia. Methods: A multicenter cross-sectional study was done on 375 medical students of four medical schools in Malaysia. The confirmatory factor analysis and reliability analysis were applied to measure construct validity, construct reliability and internal consistency of the MSSQ. These analyses were done using Predictive Analytics SoftWare (PASW) version 18 and Analysis of Moment Structure (AMOS) version 19. The Composite Reliability and Average Variance Extracted of the final constructs were calculated manually to determine construct reliability and convergent validity. Results: A total of 359 (95.7%) medical students responded to this study. The confirmatory factor analysis showed the six factor model with 20 items had a good fit with the latent constructs (X2 (df) = 258.02 (155), p < 0.001, RMR = 0.055, GFI = 0.933, AGFI = 0.910, NFI = 0.931, RFI = 0.916, IFI = 0.971, TLI = 0.965, CFI = 0.971, RMSEA = 0.043). The Cronbach’s alpha value of the MSSQ was 0.92. The Cronbach’s alpha values of the six constructs were more than 0.7. Composite Reliability and Average Variance Extracted values of the six constructs were more than 0.6 and 0.5 respectively indicating good construct reliability and adequate convergent validity. Conclusion: This study suggested that the six factor model with 20 items of the MSSQ had a good fit and shown good psychometric values. It is a valid and reliability measurement to identify stressors among medical students across institutions in Malaysia.

Matched MeSH terms: Factor Analysis, Statistical
Fulltext Psychometric properties of the learning approach inventory: a confirmatory factor analysis

Muhamad Saiful Bahri Yusoff

Education in Medicine Journal, 2011;3(2):24-31.
MyJurnal

Objective: To determine the internal consistency and construct validity of the Learning Approach Inventory (LA-i) among first year medical students in a Malaysian medical school. Methods: Cross sectional study was done on 196 first year medical students in Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM). The items of the LA-i were framed based on characteristics of three learning approaches. The Cronbach’s alpha reliability analysis, exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were applied to measure internal consistency and construct validity. These analyses were done using Predictive Analytics SoftWare (PASW) version 18 and Analysis of Moment Structure (AMOS) version 19. The Composite Reliability (CR) and Average Variance Extracted (AVE) were calculated manually to measure construct reliability and convergent validity. Result: A total of 196 medical students responded to this study. Exploratory factor analysis showed that three potential constructs were extracted from the inventory. The confirmatory factor analysis showed the three factor model with nine items had a good fit with the latent constructs (X2(df) = 26.07 (20), p = 0.163, RMR = 0.04, GFI = 0.969, AGFI = 0.93, NFI = 0.967, RFI = 0.941, IFI = 0.992, TLI = 0.985, CFI = 0.992, RMSEA = 0.04). Each domain of the final model of the LA-i has three items. The Cronbach’s alpha value of the AL-i was 0.86. The Cronbach’s alpha values of surface, strategic and deep approach domains were 0.62, 0.73 and 0.88 respectively. Most of learning approach domains had Composite Reliability and Average Variance Extracted values were more than 0.6 and 0.5 respectively indicating good construct reliability and adequate convergent validity. Conclusion: This study suggested that the three factor model with 9-items of the LA-i has a good fit and shown good psychometric values. It is a valid and reliability measurement to determine learning approaches among first year medical students.

Matched MeSH terms: Factor Analysis, Statistical
Fulltext The construct validity and internal consistency of the postgraduate stressor questionnaire among postgraduate medical trainees

Muhamad Saiful Bahri Yusoff

Education in Medicine Journal, 2010;2(1):22-29.
MyJurnal

Objective: To determine the construct validity and the internal consistency of the Postgraduate Stressor Questionnaire (PSQ) among postgraduate medical trainees hence it could be used as a valid and reliable instrument to identify stressors among them.

Methods: Items of the PSQ were derived from a review of literature on the subject and a discussion with experts in the field. It comprised of 28 items with seven hypothetical groups. The content and face validity was established through discussion with experts from field of Medical Education and Psychiatry. It was administered to all participants (N = 34) of postgraduate personal and professional development programme in a Malaysian university. Data was analysed using Statistical Package Social Sciences (SPSS) version 18. Factor analysis was applied to test construct validity whereas reliability analysis was applied to test internal consistency of the PSQ.

Results: Thirty three postgraduate medical trainees participated in this study. Factor analysis found that the 28 items of the PSQ were loaded nicely into the seven pre-determined groups as their factor loading values were more than 0.3. The reliability analysis showed that the Cronbach's alpha value for The PSQ was 0.95. Whereas, The Cronbach's alpha values for academic, poor relationship with superior, bureaucratic constraints, work-family conflicts, poor relationship with colleagues, performance pressure, and poor job prospect domains were 0.63, 0.84, 0.81, 0.65, 0.73, 0.78, and 0.70 respectively.

Conclusion: This study showed that the PSQ is a reliable and valid instrument to identify stressors of postgraduate medical trainees. It is a promising instrument that can be used in future to explore further on this area.

Matched MeSH terms: Factor Analysis, Statistical
Fulltext Psychometric properties of the Medical Student Wellbeing Index at different interval of measurements in a cohort of medical students

Muhamad Saiful Bahri Yusoff, Mohd Jamil Yaacob, Naing, Nyi Nyi, Ab Rahman Esa

Education in Medicine Journal, 2013;5(4):21-28.
MyJurnal

Background: One of important educational climate roles is to provide an environment that promotes positive development of medical students' psychological wellbeing during training. Unfortunately, many studies have reported that educational climate in medical education are not favourable to them. Therefore, it is a real need for a simple, valid, reliable and stable tool that will help medical schools to screen psychological wellbeing of their students so that early intervention could be done.
Objective: This study aimed to explore the psychometric properties of the Medical Student Wellbeing Index (MSWBI) to measure psychological wellbeing at different interval of measurements in a cohort of medical students.

Method: A prospective study was done on a cohort of medical students. MSWBI was administered to the medical students at five different intervals. The confirmatory factor analysis, Cronbach's alpha and intra-class correlation analysis were applied to measure construct validity, internal consistency and agreement level at different interval of measurements.

Result: A total of 153 (89.5%) medical students responded completely to the MSWBI. The MSWBI showed that the one-factor model had acceptable values for most of the goodness of fit indices signified its construct was stable across multiple measurements. The overall Cronbach's alpha values for the MSWBI at the five measurements ranged between 0.69 and 0.78. The ICC coefficient values for the MSWBI total score was 0.58 to 0.59.

Conclusion: This study found that the MSWBI had stable psychometric properties as a screening tool for measuring psychological wellbeing among medical students at different time and occasions. Continued research is required to refine and verify its psychometric credentials at different educational settings.

Matched MeSH terms: Factor Analysis, Statistical

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