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Psychometric properties of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) across cross-cultural subgroups, genders, and sexual orientations: Findings from the International Sex Survey (ISS)

Horváth Z 1 , Nagy L 2 , Koós M 2 , Kraus SW 3 , Demetrovics Z 4 , Potenza MN 5 Show all authors , Ballester-Arnal R 6 , Batthyány D 7 , Bergeron S 8 , Billieux J 9 , Briken P 10 , Burkauskas J 11 , Cárdenas-López G 12 , Carvalho J 13 , Castro-Calvo J 14 , Chen L 15 , Ciocca G 16 , Corazza O 17 , Csako R 18 , Fernandez DP 19 , Fujiwara H 20 , Fernandez EF 21 , Fuss J 22 , Gabrhelík R 23 , Gewirtz-Meydan A 24 , Gjoneska B 25 , Gola M 26 , Grubbs JB 27 , Hashim HT 28 , Islam MS 29 , Ismail M 28 , Jiménez-Martínez MC 30 , Jurin T 31 , Kalina O 32 , Klein V 33 , Költő A 34 , Lee SK 35 , Lewczuk K 36 , Lin CY 37 , Lochner C 38 , López-Alvarado S 39 , Lukavská K 40 , Mayta-Tristán P 41 , Miller DJ 42 , Orosová O 32 , Orosz G 43 , Sungkyunkwan University’s research team 44 , Ponce FP 45 , Quintana GR 46 , Quintero Garzola GC 47 , Ramos-Diaz J 48 , Rigaud K 43 , Rousseau A 49 , Scanavino MT 50 , Schulmeyer MK 51 , Sharan P 52 , Shibata M 53 , Shoib S 54 , Sigre-Leirós V 55 , Sniewski L 56 , Spasovski O 57 , Steibliene V 11 , Stein DJ 58 , Strizek J 59 , Tsai MC 60 , Ünsal BC 2 , Vaillancourt-Morel MP 61 , Van Hout MC 62 , Bőthe B 8

Affiliations 

  • 1 Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary; Centre of Excellence in Responsible Gaming, University of Gibraltar, Gibraltar, Gibraltar. Electronic address: horvath.zsolt@ppk.elte.hu
  • 2 Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary; Doctoral School of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
  • 3 Department of Psychology, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA
  • 4 Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary; Centre of Excellence in Responsible Gaming, University of Gibraltar, Gibraltar, Gibraltar
  • 5 Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Connecticut Council on Problem Gambling, Wethersfield, CT, USA; Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, USA
  • 6 Departmento de Psicología Básica, Clínica y Psicobiología, University Jaume I of Castellón, Spain
  • 7 Institute for Behavioural Addictions, Sigmund Freud University Vienna, Austria
  • 8 Département de psychologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
  • 9 Institute of Psychology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Center for Excessive Gambling, Addiction Medicine, Lausanne University Hospitals (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
  • 10 Institute for Sex Research, Sexual Medicine, and Forensic Psychiatry; University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf; Hamburg, Germany
  • 11 Laboratory of Behavioral Medicine, Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Palanga, Lithuania
  • 12 Virtual Teaching and Cyberpsychology Laboratory, School of Psychology, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico
  • 13 William James Center for Research, Departamento de Educação e Psicologia, Universidade de Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
  • 14 Department of Personality, Assessment, and Psychological Treatments, University of Valencia, Spain
  • 15 Department of Psychology, College of Humanity and Social Science, Fuzhou University, China
  • 16 Section of Sexual Psychopathology, Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, and Health Studies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
  • 17 Department of Clinical, Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, United Kingdom; Department of Psychocology and Cognitive Science, University of Trento, Italy
  • 18 Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
  • 19 Nottingham Trent University, United Kingdom
  • 20 Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Decentralized Big Data Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project, Tokyo, Japan; The General Research Division, Osaka University Research Center on Ethical, Legal and Social Issues, Osaka, Japan
  • 21 HELP University, Malaysia
  • 22 Institute of Forensic Psychiatry and Sex Research, Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
  • 23 Charles University, First Faculty of Medicine, Department of Addictology, Prague, Czech Republic; General University Hospital in Prague, Department of Addictology, Czech Republic
  • 24 School of Social Work, Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences, University of Haifa, Israel
  • 25 Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, North Macedonia
  • 26 Institute of Psychology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poland; Institute for Neural Computations, University of California San Diego, USA
  • 27 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, United States; Center for Alcohol, Substance use, And Addiction (CASAA), University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, United States
  • 28 University of Baghdad, College of Medicine, Iraq
  • 29 Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh; Centre for Advanced Research Excellence in Public Health, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh
  • 30 Universidad Pedagógca y Tecnológica de Colombia, Colombia; Grupo de Investigación Biomédica y de Patología, Colombia
  • 31 Department of Psychology, Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Zagreb, Croatia
  • 32 Department of Educational Psychology and Psychology of Health, Pavol Jozef Safarik University in Kosice, Slovakia
  • 33 School of Psychology, University of Southampton, United Kingdom
  • 34 Health Promotion Research Centre, University of Galway, Ireland
  • 35 Department of Psychiatry, Hallym University Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, South Korea; Chuncheon Addiction Management Center, South Korea
  • 36 Institute of Psychology, Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University, Warsaw, Poland
  • 37 Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Biostatistics Consulting Center, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
  • 38 SAMRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Stellenbosch University, South Africa
  • 39 University of Cuenca, Ecuador
  • 40 Charles University, First Faculty of Medicine, Department of Addictology, Prague, Czech Republic; Charles University, Faculty of Education, Department of Psychology, Prague, Czech Republic
  • 41 Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Peru
  • 42 College of Healthcare Sciences, James Cook University, Australia
  • 43 Artois University, France
  • 44 Department of Psychology, Sungkyunkwan University, South Korea
  • 45 Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Talca, Chile
  • 46 Departamento de Psicología y Filosofía, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica, Arica y Parinacota, Chile
  • 47 Florida State University, Republic of Panama; Sistema Nacional de Investigación (SNI), SENACYT, Panama
  • 48 Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Privada del Norte, Lima, Peru
  • 49 Leuven School For Mass Communication, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
  • 50 Department of Psychiatry, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, St. Joseph's Health Care London and London Health Sciences Centre, London, Canada; Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Canada; Departmento e Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas; and Experimental Pathophysiology Post Graduation Program, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
  • 51 Universidad Privada de Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia
  • 52 Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi -110029, India
  • 53 Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
  • 54 Department of Health Services, Srinagar, 190001, India; Sharda University, Greater Noida, India; Psychosis Research Centre, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  • 55 Institute of Psychology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
  • 56 Auckland University of Technology, New Zealand
  • 57 Faculty of Philosophy, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, North Macedonia; Faculty of Philosophy, University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius in Trnava, Slovakia
  • 58 SAMRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Dept of Psychiatry & Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town
  • 59 Austrian Public Health Institute, Austria
  • 60 Department of Pediatrics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
  • 61 Département de Psychologie, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Canada
  • 62 Public Health Institute, Faculty of Health, Liverpool John Moores University, United Kingdom
Compr Psychiatry, 2023 Nov;127:152427.
PMID: 37782987 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2023.152427

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Despite being a widely used screening questionnaire, there is no consensus on the most appropriate measurement model for the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT). Furthermore, there have been limited studies on its measurement invariance across cross-cultural subgroups, genders, and sexual orientations.

AIMS: The present study aimed to examine the fit of different measurement models for the AUDIT and its measurement invariance across a wide range of subgroups by country, language, gender, and sexual orientation.

METHODS: Responses concerning past-year alcohol use from the participants of the cross-sectional International Sex Survey were considered (N = 62,943; Mage: 32.73; SD = 12.59). Confirmatory factor analysis, as well as measurement invariance tests were performed for 21 countries, 14 languages, three genders, and four sexual-orientation subgroups that met the minimum sample size requirement for inclusion in these analyses.

RESULTS: A two-factor model with factors describing 'alcohol use' (items 1-3) and 'alcohol problems' (items 4-10) showed the best model fit across countries, languages, genders, and sexual orientations. For the former two, scalar and latent mean levels of invariance were reached considering different criteria. For gender and sexual orientation, a latent mean level of invariance was reached.

CONCLUSIONS: In line with the two-factor model, the calculation of separate alcohol-use and alcohol-problem scores is recommended when using the AUDIT. The high levels of measurement invariance achieved for the AUDIT support its use in cross-cultural research, capable also of meaningful comparisons among genders and sexual orientations.

* Title and MeSH Headings from MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

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