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Islam, sexuality, and the marginal positioning of Pengkids and their girlfriends in Malaysia

Wong Y

J Lesbian Stud, 2012;16(4):435-48.
PMID: 22978284 DOI: 10.1080/10894160.2012.681267

Drawing on the lived experiences of the Pengkids and their girlfriends in the deprived district of the capital city of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, this article examines transgender practices and women's same-sex desires within the local contexts of urbanization and political Islam. This article questions the assumed marginal positions of transgender practices and same-sex desires in society, and provides a nuanced understanding of the politics of identity, gender, sexuality and religion involved in a Muslim country. While the Muslim-Malay sexual minorities are increasingly subjected to the threats of moral policing in Malaysia, Pengkid has become a new identity marker for the marginalized sexual subject framed by the Islamic discourse of this country.

Matched MeSH terms: Women's Health/ethnology*
Review paper: gender competencies in the medical curriculum: addressing gender bias in medicine

Wong YL

Asia Pac J Public Health, 2009 Oct;21(4):359-76.
PMID: 19661102 DOI: 10.1177/1010539509337730

Gender inequalities in health and gender bias in medicine are interrelated challenges facing health care providers and educators. Women and girls are disadvantaged in accessing health care because of their low social status and unequal treatment in medical care. Gender bias has long been inherent in clinical practice, medical research, and education. This can be traced to the medical curriculum that shapes the perceptions, attitudes, and behavior of the future doctor. The author advocates medical curricula change to address gender inequalities in health and gender bias in medicine. She analyses the reasons for integration of gender competencies in the medical curriculum, discusses what gender competencies are, and reviews ways to in-build gender competencies and their assessment. Efforts to change and gender sensitize medical curricula in developed and developing countries are also reviewed. The review hopes to contribute to strategic medical curriculum reform, which would lead to gender-sensitive health services and equity in health.

Matched MeSH terms: Women's Health
Gender issues in medical and public health education

Wong YL

Asia Pac J Public Health, 2000;12 Suppl:S74-7.
PMID: 11338745

There is no doubt that gender bias has been inherent in medical and public health education, research, and clinical practice. This paper discusses the central question for medical and public health educators viz. whether women's health concerns and needs could be best addressed by the conventional biomedical approach to medical and public health education, research, and practice. Gender inequalities in health and gender bias in medical and public health education are revealed. It is found that in most public health and prevention issues related to women's health, the core issue is male-female power relations, and not merely the lack of public health services, medical technology, or information. There is, thus, an urgent need to gender-sensitize public health and medical education. The paper proposes a gender analysis of health to distinguish between biological causes and social explanations for the health differentials between men and women. It also assessed some of the gender approaches to public health and medical education currently adopted in the Asia-Pacific region. It poses the pressing question of how medical and public health educators integrate the gender perspective into medical and public health education. The paper exhorts all medical and public health practitioners to explore new directions and identify innovative strategies to formulate a gender-sensitive curriculum towards the best practices in medicine and public health that will meet the health needs of women and men in the 21st century.

Matched MeSH terms: Women's Health*
Fulltext The effects of Secondhand Smoke (SHS) exposure on microvascular endothelial function among healthy women

Sanip Z, Hanaffi SH, Ahmad I, Yusoff SS, Rasool AH, Yusoff HM

Tob Induc Dis, 2015;13(1):32.
PMID: 26346914 DOI: 10.1186/s12971-015-0052-9

BACKGROUND: Studies have demonstrated that secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure could impair endothelial function. However, the effect of SHS exposure specifically on microvascular endothelial function is not well understood. This study aimed to determine the effects of SHS exposure on microvascular endothelial function among non-smoking, generally healthy women.
FINDINGS: We studied 127 women; and based on their hair nicotine levels measured using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, 25 of them were categorized as having higher hair nicotine levels, 25 were grouped as having lower hair nicotine and 77 women were grouped into the non-detected group. The non-detected group did not have detectable levels of hair nicotine. Anthropometry, blood pressure (BP), lipid profile and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) were measured accordingly. Microvascular endothelial function was assessed non-invasively using laser Doppler fluximetry and the process of iontophoresis involving acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside as endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent vasodilators respectively. The mean hair nicotine levels for higher and lower hair nicotine groups were 0.74 (1.04) and 0.05 (0.01) ng/mg respectively. There were no significant differences in anthropometry, BP, lipid profile and hsCRP between these groups. There were also no significant differences in the microvascular perfusion and endothelial function between these groups.
CONCLUSION: In this study, generally healthy non-smoking women who have higher, lower and non-detected hair nicotine levels did not show significant differences in their microvascular endothelial function. Low levels of SHS exposure among generally healthy non-smoking women may not significantly impair their microvascular endothelial function.

Matched MeSH terms: Women's Health
Validation of the Malay Version of Children Depression Inventory (CDI) among children and adolescents attending outpatient clinics in Kota Bharu, Kelantan

Rosliwati MY, Rohayah H, Jamil BYM, Zaharah S

Malaysian Journal of Psychiatry, 2008;17:23-29.

The aim of this study is to validate the Malay version of CDI among children and adolescents attending outpatient clinics at Universiti Sains Malaysia Hospital (USM), Kota Bharu, Kelantan. Sixty children and adolescents attending outpatient clinics were interviewed using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) and completed the Malay version of CDI. Reliability and validity of the Malay version of CDI were analyzed. Validation study showed that the Malay version of CDI had a satisfactory reliability (Cronbach's alpha 0.83). At the cut-off score of 18, the Malay version CDI had 90% sensitivity and 98% specificity in detecting depression. In conclusion, the Malay version of CDI has a satisfactory validity and reliability. Keywords :Children Depression Inventory, depression

Matched MeSH terms: Women's Health
Prevalence, risk factors, and complications of violence against pregnant women in a hospital in Peninsular Malaysia

Khaironisak H, Zaridah S, Hasanain FG, Zaleha MI

Women Health, 2017 09;57(8):919-941.
PMID: 27636717 DOI: 10.1080/03630242.2016.1222329

Violence against women is a worldwide public health problem and becomes more crucial when it involves pregnant women. The primary aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of violence against pregnant women (VAPW), while the secondary aim was to identify the factors associated with violence and complications of violence during pregnancy. This was a cross-sectional study conducted in 1,200 postnatal women from March 1, 2015 through August 31, 2015 using a validated Malay Version of the WHO Women's Health and Life Experiences Questionnaire. Data on pregnancy complications were obtained from antenatal records and discharge summaries. The prevalence of any form of VAPW was 35.9%, consisting of: any psychological (29.8%); any physical (12.9%); and any sexual (9.8%) violence. VAPW was significantly associated with: (1) women's use of drugs, having had exposure to violence during childhood, having a violence-supporting attitude, having two or more children; and (2) having partners who were smokers, alcohol drinkers, or had controlling behavior. VAPW was significantly associated with anemia, urinary tract infection, premature rupture of membranes, antepartum hemorrhage, poor weight gain during pregnancy, low birth weight, and prematurity. In conclusion, the high prevalence of violence requires further research on preventive strategies for VAPW.

Matched MeSH terms: Women's Health
Fulltext Outcome of pregnancy among Malaysian women with diabetes mellitus - a single centre experience

Nirmala Kampan, Hanis Azman, Izzat Hafiz, Hazwani Mohammad, Chuah, Su Yee, Nur Azurah Abd Ghani, et al.

Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine, 2013;13(2):1-10.
MyJurnal

To observe the maternal and neonatal outcomes among women with diabetes mellitus in pregnancy as compared to healthy control. A case-control study involving 400 women with DM who delivered between 2005 to 2009 was done with age-matched control group. A total of 305 women (76.25%) were gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) on diet control, 79 (19.75%) were GDM on insulin and 16 (4%) were pre-existing DM. The mean body mass index of the women with diabetes was higher compared to the age-matched healthy women (p

Matched MeSH terms: Women's Health
Women's cardiovascular health: perspectives from South-East Asia

Rajadurai J, Lopez EA, Rahajoe AU, Goh PP, Uboldejpracharak Y, Zambahari R

Nat Rev Cardiol, 2012 Aug;9(8):464-77.
PMID: 22525668 DOI: 10.1038/nrcardio.2012.59

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is an under-recognized major health problem among women in South-East Asia. The prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, physical inactivity, and being overweight or obese has shown a significantly increasing trend among women in the region, with the exception of Singapore. The problem is compounded by low awareness that CVD is a health problem for women as well as for men, by misconceptions about the disease, and by the lack of suitable, locally available health literature. Efforts have been made by the national heart associations and other organizations to increase heart health awareness and promote healthy lifestyles. Singapore initiated these prevention programs in the early 1990s and has been successful in reducing the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors. The governments of the region, in accordance with the Noncommunicable Disease Alliance, have begun implementing appropriate preventive strategies and improving health-delivery systems. However, psychological, social, and cultural barriers to cardiovascular health awareness in women need to be addressed before these programs can be fully and successfully implemented.

Matched MeSH terms: Women's Health*
Women Deliver post-2015

Lancet, 2013 May 18;381(9879):1687.
PMID: 23683612 DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(13)61057-0
Matched MeSH terms: Women's Health*
Fulltext The Third National Health and Morbidity Survey 2006 (NHMS III)

ISBN: 978-983-3887-27-9

Citation: National Health Morbidity Survey 2006. Kuala Lumpur: Ministry of Health, Malaysia, 2008
Study name: National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS-2006)

Matched MeSH terms: Women's Health