Displaying publications 1141 - 1160 of 2413 in total

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  1. Mass communication in Asia and the Pacific. Recent trends and developments
    Lent JA
    Media Asia, 1989;16(1):16-24.
    PMID: 12315828
    Matched MeSH terms: Asia
  2. Regional overview of bluetongue viruses in South-East Asia: viruses, vectors and surveillance
    Daniels PW, Sendow I, Pritchard LI, Sukarsih, Eaton BT
    Vet. Ital., 2004 Jul-Sep;40(3):94-100.
    PMID: 20419642
    Structured epidemiological studies based on sentinel herds in Indonesia and Malaysia have provided much information regarding the bluetongue (BT) viruses (BTV) and their likely vectors in South-East Asia. Serotypes 1, 2, 3, 7, 9, 12, 16, 21 and 23 have been isolated. Molecular analyses show all group within the Australasian topotype, with four genotypic sub-groupings identified to date. There are relationships to isolates from both India and Australia. Strains of BTV in South-East Asia do not appear to be highly virulent, since BT disease is not seen in local sheep. Known vector species identified include Culicoides fulvus, C. actoni, C. wadai and C. brevitarsis. C. imicola has not been identified in Malaysian or Indonesian studies. Molecular analyses indicate movement of South-East Asian strains of BTV into northern Australia, and the gradation in observations between India and eastern Australia regarding serotype, genotype, virulence and vector species suggests movement along a conceptual gradient through South-East Asia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Asia, Southeastern
  3. Risk management from an Asian/Pacific Rim regulatory perspective
    McEwen J
    Drug Saf, 2004;27(8):491-7.
    PMID: 15154822
    This article reviews the state of adverse drug reaction monitoring in five Asian/Pacific Rim countries (Australia, Japan, Malaysia, New Zealand and Singapore). Each country has an active pharmacovigilance programme managed by a national regulatory agency. Current methods for assessing risks and current methods used for risk management and communication are compared with the 'tools' used by the US FDA. Major positive attributes of the programmes in all five countries include active involvement of independent expert clinical advisory committees in identifying and evaluating risks through the assessment of reports of serious and unusual reactions, and regular communications about risks from the national agencies to doctors and pharmacists by means of pharmacovigilance bulletins. Most components of the risk-management toolbox are currently used, in some instances without legislated support. Variations in the way risk-management tools are implemented within individual national health systems are illustrated.
    Matched MeSH terms: Asia
  4. Asia Pacific Clinical Nutrition Society 2004 Award
    Asia Pac J Clin Nutr, 2004;13(1):preceeding 1.
    PMID: 15108366
    Matched MeSH terms: Asia; Australasia
  5. Issues and priorities of medical education research in Asia
    Majumder MA
    Ann Acad Med Singap, 2004 Mar;33(2):257-63.
    PMID: 15098645
    This article addresses the roles, issues, approaches, rationale, pitfalls, priorities and balance of research in medical education, particularly its "disarray" status in Asia. Research in medical education has influenced education in many ways. Most importantly, it provides legitimate evidences to stakeholders on which to make educational decisions. It also has a wider social impact on teaching practice and subsequent clinical practice. However, in Asia, medical educational research has not substantially influenced educational policy and medical practices. Moreover, it fails to receive comparable attention as in developed countries. A number of constraints that have hampered the development of educational research in Asia are identified: low socio-economic condition of the region; cultural and religious values and beliefs of the people; lack of congruence between the mission and vision of medical schools; leadership crisis; lack of financial resources; inadequate exposure to medical educational research in undergraduate training; lack of collaboration and commitment; and unforeseeable short-term outcome of medical education. The article concludes with some specific recommendations to strengthen research and to create a research culture in the region, including active leadership and commitment of the institutes/organisations, careful assessment and strategic settings of the priorities of medical educational research, establishment of a regional centre for medical education research, availability of financial resources, wider dissemination of research findings, collaboration with the developed countries and initiative to publish regional-based medical education journals, including electronic journals. Appropriate research environment and culture will enable stakeholders to obtain evidence-based information from educational research to increase the relevance, quality, cost-effectiveness and equity of medical education and practice in Asia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Asia
  6. Population structure of the Southeast Asian river catfish Mystus nemurus
    Usmani S, Tan SG, Siraj SS, Yusoff K
    Anim. Genet., 2003 Dec;34(6):462-4.
    PMID: 14687079
    A total of 143 microsatellites were isolated from Mystus nemurus using a 5' anchored polymerase chain reaction technique or the random amplified hybridization microsatellite method, the first set of microsatellite markers developed for the Southeast Asian river catfish. Twenty polymorphic microsatellite loci were used as markers for population characterization of M. nemurus from six different geographical locations in Malaysia (Perak, Kedah, Johor, UPM, Sarawak and Terengganu). The number of alleles per locus ranged from 2 to 11 with 6.3 as the average number of alleles per locus. Characterization of the populations showed relatively high levels of genetic variation compared with previous studies using allozyme markers. The highest genetic similarity was found between Perak and Kedah, while the highest genetic distance was found between Terengganu and Kedah. The majority of clustering was in accordance with geographical locations and the histories of the populations. Microsatellite analysis indicated that the Sarawak population might be genetically closer to the Peninsular Malaysian populations than has been previously shown by other molecular marker studies.
    Matched MeSH terms: Asia, Southeastern
  7. Research and policy guidelines from the World Fertility Survey in Asia and the Pacific
    Rele JR
    Asian Pac Popul Programme News, 1979;8(4):10-2.
    PMID: 12261702
    Matched MeSH terms: Asia
  8. Fulltext Extant primitively segmented spiders have recently diversified from an ancient lineage
    Xu X, Liu F, Cheng RC, Chen J, Xu X, Zhang Z, et al.
    Proc Biol Sci, 2015 Jun 07;282(1808):20142486.
    PMID: 25948684 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2014.2486
    Living fossils are lineages that have retained plesiomorphic traits through long time periods. It is expected that such lineages have both originated and diversified long ago. Such expectations have recently been challenged in some textbook examples of living fossils, notably in extant cycads and coelacanths. Using a phylogenetic approach, we tested the patterns of the origin and diversification of liphistiid spiders, a clade of spiders considered to be living fossils due to their retention of arachnid plesiomorphies and their exclusive grouping in Mesothelae, an ancient clade sister to all modern spiders. Facilitated by original sampling throughout their Asian range, we here provide the phylogenetic framework necessary for reconstructing liphistiid biogeographic history. All phylogenetic analyses support the monophyly of Liphistiidae and of eight genera. As the fossil evidence supports a Carboniferous Euramerican origin of Mesothelae, our dating analyses postulate a long eastward over-land dispersal towards the Asian origin of Liphistiidae during the Palaeogene (39-58 Ma). Contrary to expectations, diversification within extant liphistiid genera is relatively recent, in the Neogene and Late Palaeogene (4-24 Ma). While no over-water dispersal events are needed to explain their evolutionary history, the history of liphistiid spiders has the potential to play prominently in vicariant biogeographic studies.
    Matched MeSH terms: Asia, Southeastern
  9. Frequent occurrence of gastric cancer in Asian kindreds with Li-Fraumeni syndrome
    Ariffin H, Chan AS, Oh L, Abd-Ghafar S, Ong GB, Mohamed M, et al.
    Clin Genet, 2015 Nov;88(5):450-5.
    PMID: 25318593 DOI: 10.1111/cge.12525
    Type of cancer and age of onset in individuals with inherited aberrations in the tumour suppressor gene TP53 are variable, possibly influenced by genetic modifiers and different environmental exposure. Since 2009, the modified Chompret criteria (MCC) have been used to identify individuals for TP53 mutation screening. Using the TP53 mutation database maintained by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), we investigated if the MCC, mainly developed for a Caucasian population, was also applicable in Asia. We identified several differences in Asian families compared with similar Caucasian cohorts, suggesting that identification and management of Li-Fraumeni syndrome in Asia do not completely mirror that of North America and Western Europe. Early gastric cancer (<40 years) may be considered a new addition to the MCC especially for Asian families.
    Matched MeSH terms: Asia; Asian Continental Ancestry Group
  10. Fulltext Logged peat swamp forest supports greater macrofungal biodiversity than large-scale oil palm plantations and smallholdings
    Shuhada SN, Salim S, Nobilly F, Zubaid A, Azhar B
    Ecol Evol, 2017 09;7(18):7187-7200.
    PMID: 28944010 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3273
    Intensive land expansion of commercial oil palm agricultural lands results in reducing the size of peat swamp forests, particularly in Southeast Asia. The effect of this land conversion on macrofungal biodiversity is, however, understudied. We quantified macrofungal biodiversity by identifying mushroom sporocarps throughout four different habitats; logged peat swamp forest, large-scale oil palm plantation, monoculture, and polyculture smallholdings. We recorded a total of 757 clusters of macrofungi belonging to 127 morphospecies and found that substrates for growing macrofungi were abundant in peat swamp forest; hence, morphospecies richness and macrofungal clusters were significantly greater in logged peat swamp forest than converted oil palm agriculture lands. Environmental factors that influence macrofungi in logged peat swamp forests such as air temperature, humidity, wind speed, soil pH, and soil moisture were different from those in oil palm plantations and smallholdings. We conclude that peat swamp forests are irreplaceable with respect to macrofungal biodiversity. They host much greater macrofungal biodiversity than any of the oil palm agricultural lands. It is imperative that further expansion of oil palm plantation into remaining peat swamp forests should be prohibited in palm oil producing countries. These results imply that macrofungal distribution reflects changes in microclimate between habitats and reduced macrofungal biodiversity may adversely affect decomposition in human-modified landscapes.
    Matched MeSH terms: Asia, Southeastern
  11. Genetic diversity and structure of the critically endangered Artocarpus annulatus, a crop wild relative of jackfruit (A. heterophyllus)
    Dickinson L, Noble H, Gardner E, Puad ASA, Zakaria WNFW, Zerega NJC
    PeerJ, 2020;8:e9897.
    PMID: 33005490 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9897
    Limestone karsts of Southeast Asia can harbor high levels of endemism, but are highly fragmented, increasingly threatened, and their biodiversity is often poorly studied. This is true of the Padawan Limestone Area of Sarawak, Malaysia, home to the endemic Artocarpus annulatus, the closest known wild relative of two important and underutilized fruit tree crops, jackfruit (A. heterophyllus) and cempedak (A. integer). Identifying and conserving crop wild relatives is critical for the conservation of crop genetic diversity and breeding. In 2016 and 2017, five A. annulatus populations were located, and leaf material, locality information, and demographic data were collected. Microsatellite markers were used to assess genetic diversity and structure among populations, and to compare levels of genetic diversity to closely related congeneric species. Results indicate no evidence of inbreeding in A. annulatus, and there is no genetic structure among the five populations. However, diversity measures trended lower in seedlings compared to mature trees, suggesting allelic diversity may be under threat in the youngest generation of plants. Also, genetic diversity is lower in A. annulatus compared to closely related congeners. The present study provides a baseline estimate of A. annulatus genetic diversity that can be used for comparison in future studies and to other species in the unique limestone karst ecosystems. Considerations for in situ and ex situ conservation approaches are discussed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Asia, Southeastern
  12. Fulltext The Impact of COVID-19 on Gastrointestinal Motility Testing in Asia and Europe
    Mori H, Schol J, Geeraerts A, Huang IH, Jandee S, Gonlachanvit S, et al.
    J Clin Med, 2020 Oct 01;9(10).
    PMID: 33019626 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9103189
    BACKGROUND: The new coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has high infection and mortality rates, and has become a pandemic. The infection and mortality rates are lower in Asian countries than in European countries. This study aimed to conduct a survey on the effects of COVID-19 on the capacity to perform gastrointestinal motility tests in Asian countries compared with European countries.

    METHODS: We used the questionnaire previously established by our team for researchers in European countries. The correlation between the decreased rate of gastrointestinal motility and function tests, and the infection/mortality rates of COVID-19 and stringency of a government's interventions in each country was analysed and protective measures were assessed.

    RESULTS: In total, 58 gastroenterologists/motility experts in Asian countries responded to this survey. The infection/mortality rates of COVID-19 and Stringency Index had a significant impact on the testing capacity of oesophageal manometry and catheter-based pH monitoring. In European countries, most facilities used filtering facepiece 2/3 (FFP2/3) masks during oesophageal motility studies. Meanwhile, in Asian countries, most facilities used surgical masks.

    CONCLUSION: The total infection and mortality rates of COVID-19 can affect the rate of gastrointestinal motility testing and the type of protective equipment that must be used.

    Matched MeSH terms: Asia
  13. Fulltext Stock market comovements among Asian emerging economies: A wavelet-based approach
    Younis I, Longsheng C, Basheer MF, Joyo AS
    PLoS One, 2020;15(10):e0240472.
    PMID: 33044995 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240472
    Stock market, is one of the most important financial market which has a close relationship with a country's economy, due to which it is often called the barometer of the economy. Over the past 25 years, the stock markets have been affected by different global economic shocks. Various researchers have analyzed different aspects of these effects one by one, however, this study is an assessment of stock market interrelationship of emeriging Asian economies which include most of the East Asian, and Southeast Asian emerging economies with special focus on China for past decades during which different crisis occurred. We used Morgan Stanley capital international (MSCI) daily indices data for each stock market and compared Chinese stock market with the stock markets of India, Pakistan, Malaysia, Singapore, and Indonesia. We analyzed the data through the individual wavelet power spectrum, cross-wavelet transform and wavelet coherence, to determine the correlation and volatility among the selected stock markets. These model have the power to analyze co-movements among these countries with respect to both frequency and time spaces. Our findings show that there are co-movement patterns of higher frequencies during the crises periods of 1997, 2008 and 2015. The dependency strength among the considered economies is noted to increase in the crisis periods, which implies increased short- and long-term benefits for the investors. From a financial point of view, it has been determined that the co-movement strength among the emerging economies of Asia may have an effect on the VaR (Value at Risk) levels of a multi-country portfolio. Furthermore, the stock market of China shows a high correlation with the other six Asian stock emerging markets in both high and low-frequency spectrums. The association of the south and east Asian stock market with Chinese stock markets show the interconnection of these economies with the economy of China since past two decades. These findings are useful for investors, portfolio managers and the policymaker around the globe.
    Matched MeSH terms: Asia
  14. Fulltext Coping Strategies among Malaysian Women with Recurrent Ovarian Cancer: A Qualitative Study
    Lee YK, Praveena KA, Woo YL, Ng CJ
    Asia Pac J Oncol Nurs, 2020 10 15;8(1):40-45.
    PMID: 33426188 DOI: 10.4103/apjon.apjon_38_20
    Objective: Ovarian cancer is one of the most common cancers among Malaysian women with high recurrence. Patients with recurrence are prone to emotional distress and are forced to cope with poor prognosis. This study aimed to explore the coping strategies employed by women with recurrent ovarian cancer in Malaysia, a developing multicultural country in Asia.

    Methods: This was a qualitative study with patients diagnosed with recurrent ovarian cancer and receiving chemotherapy at a hospital gynecologic day-care unit. In-depth individual interviews were conducted with patients to explore how they coped with recurrence of ovarian cancer. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed thematically.

    Results: The participants' (n = 10) age range was 52-84 years, the three most common ethnic backgrounds were represented (Malay, Chinese, and Indian), and most of the patients were well educated. All patients were on chemotherapy. Six coping strategies were identified: (1) maintaining a mindset of hopefulness, (2) avoidance of information, (3) accepting their condition, (4) seeking spiritual help, (5) relying on family for support, and (6) coping with financial costs.

    Conclusions: Coping strategies employed during ovarian cancer recurrence in this setting were rarely based on the accurate information appraisal, but rather on the individual emotion and personal beliefs.

    Matched MeSH terms: Asia; Asian Continental Ancestry Group
  15. Fulltext Collaborate or Collapse: Capacity Building in Zoonotic and Neglected Tropical Disease Modelling
    Mohd Zain SN, Basáñez MG
    Trends Parasitol, 2018 05;34(5):356-358.
    PMID: 29358040 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2017.12.009
    We share the insights from a successful collaboration in organizing and implementing an international scientific capacity-building workshop in Malaysia titled Mathematical Modelling of Neglected Infectious Diseases: Capacity Building in Southeast Asia. This workshop focused on the delivery of technical know-how and on essential soft skills related to effective grant proposal writing and networking.
    Matched MeSH terms: Asia, Southeastern
  16. Geographical variation of the skull of the lesser mouse deer
    Endo H, Fukuta K, Kimura J, Sasaki M, Stafford BJ
    J Vet Med Sci, 2004 Oct;66(10):1229-35.
    PMID: 15528854
    We examined the geographical variation of the skull size and shape of the lesser mouse deer (Tragulus javanicus) from Laos, Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Langkawi and some Islands of Tenasserim in Myanmar. Although the influence of the climatic condition on skull size was not confirmed in the mainland populations, the skull became rostro-caudally longer in the populations of Tenasserim and Sumatra because of island isolation effect. The skull size was classified into the following three clusters of localities from the matrix of Q-mode correlation coefficients: 1) Langkawi and Tenasserim, 2) Laos and Thailand, 3) Sumatra and Borneo. The skulls in the population of Java belong to the cluster of Langkawi and Tenasserim in male, however were morphologically similar to those in the cluster of Borneo and Sumatra. The canonical discriminant analysis pointed out that the Laos and Tenasserim populations were separated from the other ones and that the populations of Sumatra, Java and Borneo were intermingled each other.
    Matched MeSH terms: Asia
  17. Geographical variation in skull morphology of gray-bellied squirrel Callosciurus caniceps
    Hayashida A, Endo H, Sasaki M, Oshida T, Kimura J, Waengsothorn S, et al.
    J Vet Med Sci, 2007 Feb;69(2):149-57.
    PMID: 17339759
    The geographical variation of the gray-bellied squirrel (Callosciurus caniceps) was examined using osteometry of skull in Southeast Asia. From the principal component analysis (PCA), the plots of the northern localities from Nan to Kanchanaburi and those of the southern localities from Narathiwat to Kuala Lumpur in male were completely separated. In female, the plots of the locality from Uttradit to Kanchanaburi and those of the locality from Pattani to Negri Sembilan were completely separated. We called these northern localities and southern localities which are distinguished by the PCA as N group and S group. The size and shape of the skulls of these squirrels indicated the differences between N group and S group from t-test and U-test. These results may be influenced by the two transitions of the phytogeography around the southernmost locality in N group and the northernmost locality in S group in the peninsular Thailand and Malay Peninsula. Localities which are located between N and S groups were called the Middle (M) group. From the PCA among N, S groups and each locality of M group, the plots of localities such as Prachuap Khiri Khan, Chumphon, Krabi, Nakhon Si Thammarat and Trang in both sexes of M group could not be separated from those of N and S groups. We suggest that the sympatric distribution of N and S groups and the hybrid of N and S populations may be seen in these localities of M group.
    Matched MeSH terms: Asia, Southeastern
  18. Fulltext Best practices on immunomodulators and biologic agents for ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease in Asia
    Ooi CJ, Hilmi I, Banerjee R, Chuah SW, Ng SC, Wei SC, et al.
    Intest Res, 2019 Jul;17(3):285-310.
    PMID: 31146509 DOI: 10.5217/ir.2019.00026
    The Asia-Pacific Working Group on inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) was established in Cebu, Philippines, under the auspices of the Asian Pacific Association of Gastroenterology with the goal of improving IBD care in Asia. This consensus is carried out in collaboration with Asian Organization for Crohn's and Colitis. With biologic agents and biosimilars becoming more established, it is necessary to conduct a review on existing literature and establish a consensus on when and how to introduce biologic agents and biosimilars in the conjunction with conventional treatments for ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) in Asia. These statements also address how pharmacogenetics influence the treatments of UC and CD and provide guidance on response monitoring and strategies to restore loss of response. Finally, the review includes statements on how to manage treatment alongside possible hepatitis B and tuberculosis infections, both common in Asia. These statements have been prepared and voted upon by members of IBD workgroup employing the modified Delphi process. These statements do not intend to be all-encompassing and future revisions are likely as new data continue to emerge.
    Matched MeSH terms: Asia
  19. Fulltext Prevalence of hypogonadism in the aging male and male erectile dysfunction in Asia-Pacific countries
    Chew KK
    Asian J Androl, 2003;5:171-172.
    Matched MeSH terms: Asia
  20. Fulltext When West Meets East: The Origins and Spread of Weedy Rice Between Continental and Island Southeast Asia
    Neik TX, Chai JY, Tan SY, Sudo MPS, Cui Y, Jayaraj J, et al.
    G3 (Bethesda), 2019 09 04;9(9):2941-2950.
    PMID: 31292156 DOI: 10.1534/g3.119.400021
    Weedy crop relatives are among the world's most problematic agricultural weeds, and their ability to rapidly evolve can be enhanced by gene flow from both domesticated crop varieties and wild crop progenitor species. In this study, we examined the role of modern commercial crop cultivars, traditional landraces, and wild relatives in the recent emergence and proliferation of weedy rice in East Malaysia on the island of Borneo. This region of Malaysia is separated from the Asian continent by the South China Sea, and weedy rice has become a major problem there more recently than on the Malaysian peninsular mainland. Using 24 polymorphic SSR loci and genotype data from the awn-length domestication gene An-1, we assessed the genetic diversity, population structure and potential origins of East Malaysian weeds; 564 weedy, cultivated and wild rice accessions were analyzed from samples collected in East Malaysia, Peninsular Malaysia and neighboring countries. While there is considerable evidence for contributions of Peninsular Malaysian weed ecotypes to East Malaysian populations, we find that local crop cultivars and/or landraces from neighboring countries are also likely contributors to the weedy rice infestations. These findings highlight the implications of genetic admixture from different cultivar source populations in the spread of weedy crop relatives and the urgent need for preventive measurements to maintain sustainable crop yields.
    Matched MeSH terms: Asia, Southeastern
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