Displaying publications 1441 - 1460 of 6483 in total

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  1. Fulltext Sexually transmitted diseases in teenage girls from a remand home
    Teoh SK, Ngeow NF
    Med J Malaysia, 1980 Dec;35(2):109-11.
    PMID: 6894963
    Thirty girls who had been detained in a remand home on suspicion of prostitution were examined in the University Hospital, Kuala Lumpur. All except two were below 21 years old. Endocervical and high vaginal swabs were taken for cultures. A sample of blood was taken for serology. Eleven of the girls [37%] had no evidence of a sexually transmitted disease. The others [63%] had one or more of the following: 5 with positive serology for syphilis, 3 had gonorrhoea, 6 with trichomonas, 2 with candidiasis.rl with Chlamydia trachomatls, 2 with Ureaplasma urealyticum and 1 with C. vaginale. With such a high incidence of STD in these young girls with a history of prostitution, it is recommended that a more regular and comprehensive screening be carried out on such high risk women.

    Study site: University Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC)
    Matched MeSH terms: Cross-Sectional Studies
  2. Fulltext Habits and attitudes of Malaysian military doctors towards smoking
    Supramaniam V
    Med J Malaysia, 1980 Mar;34(3):205-10.
    PMID: 7412660
    A postal questionnaire survey was carried out among military doctors during June to August 1979 on habits and attitudes to smoking. An 87% response rate was obtained. Smoking prevalence was found to be 50%. 45% of medical officers are heavy smokers. Age at starting influence the amount smoked. Service life had no influence on smoking habits. Attitudes to smoking vary between the different categories of doctors. The habits and attitudes indicate a mental revolution on the part of doctors is required prior to any anti-smoking programme as they have to be sufficiently motivated to lead the fight.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cross-Sectional Studies
  3. Fulltext Clinical significance of Mantoux test in Malaysian patients
    Yaacob I, Ahmad Z
    Med J Malaysia, 1990 Sep;45(3):231-4.
    PMID: 2152084
    The value of tuberculin skin testing in the diagnosis of active tuberculosis remains uncertain. Interpretation of tuberculin tests would be easier if the tuberculin test profiles in different communities were accurately known. We reviewed 468 Mantoux test reactions in patients coming to Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia with suspected tuberculosis. Eighty six percent of patients with active tuberculosis had a positive Mantoux test. Forty two percent of the cases of positive Mantoux test did not have evidence of active tuberculosis. Most of these cases had evidence of past infection with tuberculosis. We conclude that Mantoux test is a sensitive but a non-specific test in the diagnosis of active tuberculosis.
    Study site: outpatients, inpatients; Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
    Matched MeSH terms: Cross-Sectional Studies
  4. Fulltext Soil-transmitted helminthiasis among Indian primary school children in Selangor, Malaysia
    Kan SP
    Med J Malaysia, 1984 Jun;39(2):143-7.
    PMID: 6513854
    A survey of a total of 1,157 Indian primary school children from eight schools from urban and rural areas in and around Kuala Lumpur showed an overall
    prevalence of infection with soil-transmitted helminthiasis of 89.02%. The prevalence and intensity of infection were consistently high among both school boys and girls throughout the six years of primary school. The predominant helminth was Trichuris trichiura - both as single and mixed infections. The commonest type of helminthic infection among urban primary school children was mixed infections with Trichuris trichiura and Ascaris lumbricoides. Hookworm infections, both as single or mixed infections, were more common among school children from rubber and oil palm estates in the rural areas.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cross-Sectional Studies
  5. Fulltext Reasons for visiting a hospital-based general medical clinic
    Tan HS
    Med J Malaysia, 1985 Sep;40(3):211-9.
    PMID: 3842716
    The reasons why 860 patients visited the general medical clinic at the University Hospital, Kuala Lumpur were studied. 75.3% of the patients came for evaluation of symptoms; 12.4% sought checkups for chronic diseases; 4.9% requested diagnostic checkups and screening tests; 4.8% came to renew prescription. Few visits were made for evaluation of injuries, receiving test results or for administrative examination. This profile reflected the function of the clinic as an acute diagnostic centre. Other applications of the results are discussed.
    Study site: General Medical Clinic, University Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
    Matched MeSH terms: Cross-Sectional Studies
  6. Fulltext The nutritional status of Iban preschool children, Sarawak
    Yap SB
    Med J Malaysia, 1985 Sep;40(3):185-90.
    PMID: 3879878
    An anthropometric study and dietary investigations were conducted in an Iban community in the Sixth Division of Sarawak. 140 children aged 0 to 6 years, were assessed anthropometrically. Their mean weights and heights were much lower than those of their counterparts in Singapore. 7% of the children were nutritional dwarfs while about 68% were either wasted or wasted as well as stunted. Rice was the staple food in the community while other foods were considered unnecessary. Child feeding practices also reflected this dependancy on rice leading to a toddler diet which is mainly carbohydrate in nature. The dietary assessment showed a quantitative adequacy of energy as well as protein, a [inding whicn does not reflect the seasonal fluctuations with periods of hunger. The predominant contribution from rice resulted in protein intakes which were qualitatively deficient.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cross-Sectional Studies
  7. Fulltext Acute gastroenteritis in Malaysian children: aetiological and therapeutic considerations
    Iyngkaran N, Abidin Z, Lam SK, Puthucheary SD
    Med J Malaysia, 1980 Jun;34(4):403-8.
    PMID: 7219272
    In a prospective study of 300 infants with acute gastroenteritis 150 infants had enteropathogens in the stools, 58 being due to rotavirus, 130 to adenovirus, 32 to Sahnonella, 18 Shigella and 29 E. coli. Hypernatraemic dehydration was present in 11% and acquired carbohydrate intolerance in 30% of the infants. Protracted diarrhoea was observed in 8% of infants and was commoner in the bacterial than viral group. The study shows that clinical features and simple blood tests cannot be used as reliable indices of predicting the aetiology of AGE. Despite the diverse aetiology of acute gastroenteritis, rehydration by the oral or intravenous route remained the mainstay of therapy.
    Keywords: Kuala Lumpur, university hospital,
    Matched MeSH terms: Cross-Sectional Studies
  8. Fulltext Content of general practice
    Lim TO
    Med J Malaysia, 1991 Jun;46(2):155-62.
    PMID: 1839420
    Eight general practitioners participated in a survey of content of general practice. This is useful as an indicator or morbidity in the community as well as of workload of general practice. A total of 3164 consultations were recorded, of which 2764 (87%) were because of an illness and the rest (13%) for other reasons like medical examinations, antenatal check, family planning advice, pregnancy tests, pap smear and vaccination. The old and the young have high consultation rates for an illness, men consulted as often as women. The most common illness seen was upper respiratory tract infections, accounting for 37% of all illnesses. Other common minor illnesses were skin infections (6%), genito-urinary infections (5%), minor musculoskeletal (6%) and gastrointestinal (6%) complaints as well as minor injuries and cuts (4%). Major disorders form an unusually low proportion (18%) of all illnesses seen, in comparison with figures from United Kingdom. The common major disorders seen were hypertension, asthma, chronic rheumatic disorders and diabetes. Circulatory disorders were remarkably rare, accounting for only 1% of illnesses. Psychological disorders, both major and minor, were also rarely seen, accounting for only 1% of illnesses which is in marked contrast with figures from the United Kingdom. Factors contributing to these notable findings are discussed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cross-Sectional Studies
  9. Fulltext Prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in the University Hospital diabetic population
    Teoh GH, Yow CS, Ngan A, Zaini A
    Med J Malaysia, 1983 Mar;38(1):77-9.
    PMID: 6633344
    One hundred and forty-five diabetic patients attending diabetic clinic over a four week period were fully examined in an adjacent eye clinic. The fundi were examined with a Halogen light direct ophthalmoscope and the Binocular Indirect Ophthalmoscope after mydriasis to assess the presence of retinopathy. 44.1 percent of patients examined had Opbthalmoscopicaliy detectable retinopathy while 11 percent were found to have 'serious diabetic eye disease'. The prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in Malaysia is comparable to those of Western countries and Japan.
    Study site: Diabetic clinic, University Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
    Matched MeSH terms: Cross-Sectional Studies
  10. Alcoholism in Southeast Asia. Prevalence and treatment
    McGovern MP
    Int J Soc Psychiatry, 1982;28(1):36-44.
    PMID: 6980858
    A pilot, field investigation of the prevalence and treatment of alcoholism in Southeast Asia (Singapore, Indonesia, Malaysia, Burma, and Thailand) and conducted. The methodology combined an informant study, interviewing leading alcohol and drug abuse authorities; utilising existing data; and clinical and naturalistic observation. The effects of modernisation, multiracial culture, and the unilateral focus on opiates are discussed; recommendations on treatment, education, and research are presented.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cross-Sectional Studies
  11. Fulltext Weights and blood pressures of women who attend family planning clinics in Sarawak
    Wadsworth GR
    Med J Malaysia, 1981 Sep;36(3):148-50.
    PMID: 7329371
    Matched MeSH terms: Cross-Sectional Studies
  12. Problem-based learning: an educational strategy for interactive learning: experience from Universiti Sains Malaysia
    Salam A
    Med Teach, 2004 May;26(3):279.
    PMID: 15203509
    Matched MeSH terms: Cross-Sectional Studies
  13. Fulltext Micronutrients and its correlation with mental performance among schoolchildren in Bario, Sarawak: a preliminary study
    Zaleha MI, Noor Hayaati AR, Mohd Rizam AR, Jamaludin M, Osman A
    Med J Malaysia, 2003 Aug;58(3):309-19.
    PMID: 14750369
    Children who are born in a community with insufficient micronutrients, particularly iodine in remote rural areas are associated with low intellectual functions and mental retardation. The aim of this cross-sectional study is to determine the mental performance of the schoolchildren in Bario, a highland settlement of the Kelabit people in the district of Baram, Sarawak and to determine its correlation with the availability of iodine in the environment, as well as other micronutrients such as selenium, copper and manganese. A total of 25 schoolchildren in Bario age ranging from 7 to 12 years old participated in the study. Mental performance of the schoolchildren were tested using TONI-2 (Test of Nonverbal Intelligence--second edition), a cognitive ability measures with a response format which eliminates language and reduces motoric and cultural factors. The iodine levels from several wells, soils and salt found in Bario were determined using HPLC (software version 3.05.01) whilst serum levels of selenium, copper and manganese were measured using Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (GFAAS). The results showed that the median and mode scores of intelligence quotient for Bario were 82 and 75, respectively, whilst median and mode scores of intelligence percentile were 11.0 and 5.0, respectively. The maximum score achieved were at the average level with the quotient score between 90-110. It was found that salt produced from one of the wells in Bario contained high quantity of iodine. Based on standards established by the Trace Elements Laboratory, Roben Institute, University of Surrey, United Kingdom, schoolchildren in Bario are having sufficient blood levels of copper and a high selenium and manganese levels. Despite the remoteness of the study area, the schoolchildren in Bario, Sarawak showed higher mental performance compared to other isolated areas. This is probably correlated with the high micronutrients availability, particularly iodine, found naturally in Bario.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cross-Sectional Studies
  14. Fulltext Husband-wife communication and family planning practices among Malay married couples in Mukim Rusila, Terengganu
    Azimi YN, Atiya AS
    Med J Malaysia, 2003 Jun;58(2):218-28.
    PMID: 14569742 MyJurnal
    The role of husband-wife communication in the practice of family planning was studied among the rural Malay couples in Mukim Rusila, Terengganu. It was a cross-sectional study in which a cluster sampling was used to select the study sample. A total of 193 (100.0%) wives and 74 (38.3%) husbands responded to a face-to-face interview. Visual Analogue Scale was used to measure the level of husband-wife communication. Husband-wife communication score was lower on family planning compared to other matters. There was a significant fair agreement on the scores between the husbands and the wives (p > 0.05) on family planning. There was a significant association between husband-wife communication on family planning and the current practice of family planning (p = 0.002). The 'likelihood' that couples who had had good husband-wife communication to practice family planning was about 2.8 times higher compared to those couples with poor husband-wife communication (95% C.I.: 1.4, 5.3). Further research need to be carried out, as the study was limited by certain constraints.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cross-Sectional Studies
  15. Attitudes on health care of villagers attending a rural clinic in Malaysia
    Heggenhougen HK
    Med J Malaysia, 1979 Dec;34(2):108-16.
    PMID: 548711
    Matched MeSH terms: Cross-Sectional Studies
  16. Fulltext The influence of socioeconomic and demographic variables on willingness to donate cadaveric human organs in Malaysia
    Rasiah R, Manikam R, Chandarsekaran SK, Thangiah G, Puspharajan S, Swaminathan D
    Medicine (Baltimore), 2014 Nov;93(23):e126.
    PMID: 25415665 DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000000126
    The growing shortage in human organs has raised serious concerns. To address this problem, we examine in this article the association between demographic and socioeconomic factors, and respondents' willingness to donate cadaveric organs using a large survey of Malaysian adults aged 18 years and above.A convenience sampling method was used to extract information from a total of 10,350 participants from Metropolitan Kuala Lumpur over the period of April 2, 2013 to February 29, 2014. In addition to analyzing the data using incidence of willingness to donate by demographic and socioeconomic factors, we carried out logistic regression analysis to estimate the odds ratio of respondents' willingness to become cadaveric organ donors controlling for age.About less than a third of the participants pledged to donate their organs upon death with women (35.6%) showing a higher incidence compared with men (33.2%). The Chinese (35.7%) and Malays (35.0%) pledged to contribute more than the Indians (31.6%) and the logistic regressions show that Malays (adjusted odds ration [OR] = 1.18) and Chinese (adjusted OR = 1.21) are more likely to donate than Indians (reference group). The results by religion were significant among Muslims and Hindus but not Buddhists. The likelihood of Muslims donating was the lowest (adjusted OR = 0.26). Income was also highly significant but the relationship with willingness to donate was negative. Against tertiary education, all other occupations were significant. However, the respondents with primary education enjoyed the highest adjusted OR (5.46) whereas that of secondary (0.48) and higher secondary (0.83) education was low. Among occupations (against supervisory, clerical, and direct workers), it was significant only among the unemployed and managers with adjusted OR of 1.50 and 1.58, respectively.Sex, education, ethnicity, religion, and income are important demographic and socioeconomic influences on the likelihood of Malaysians willing to become cadaveric organ donors. The Malaysian evidence suggests that awareness programs should be targeted at men, Muslims, Hindus, Malays, and the rich more than the others.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cross-Sectional Studies
  17. Fulltext Relationship of objectively measured physical activity and sedentary behaviour with health-related quality of life among breast cancer survivors
    Nurnazahiah A, Shahril MR, Nor Syamimi Z, Ahmad A, Sulaiman S, Lua PL
    Health Qual Life Outcomes, 2020 Jul 10;18(1):222.
    PMID: 32650777 DOI: 10.1186/s12955-020-01478-x
    BACKGROUND: Lack of physical activity throughout one's lifetime has been associated with obesity and it is also an important risk factor of breast cancer. This study aimed to determine the relationship between objectively measured physical activity and sedentary behaviour with health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among breast cancer survivors in the East Coast region of Peninsular Malaysia.

    METHODS: A cross-sectional study involving 83 breast cancer survivors was carried out in two main government referral hospitals in the region. Participants wore the ActivPAL3™ microdevice physical activity monitor for seven consecutive days. The validated European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaires (EORTC QLQ-C30) and Breast Cancer Supplementary Measure (EORTC QLQ-BR23) were used to measure their HRQoL. Multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to determine the relationship between objectively measured physical activity and sedentary behaviour with HRQoL.

    RESULTS: Longer time spent on moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) was significantly associated with an improvement of HRQoL (p = 0.039) whereas longer time spent on sedentary behaviour significantly reduced the functioning score (p = 0.005). In addition, prolonged sedentary bouts were also significantly associated with better body image that led to improved HRQoL (p = 0.013).

    CONCLUSIONS: The study findings suggest that an increase in the time spent on MVPA was associated with improved HRQoL while sedentary behaviour was associated with poorer HRQoL among breast cancer survivors. Thus, it is essential to displace sedentary behaviour with MVPA to improve the quality of life of breast cancer survivors.

    Matched MeSH terms: Cross-Sectional Studies
  18. Fulltext Knowledge and awareness on human papilloma virus vaccination among final year nursing and medical students in Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre
    Rohani Mamat, Roziah Arabi, Noratika Jais, Nurul Syakila Ismail
    Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2019;15(106):55-55.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction:HPV vaccination is considered to be the primary form of cervical cancer prevention. However, the practice of HPV vaccination in Malaysia was not satisfied based on low vaccination rate among Malaysian. The health personal play a major roles in this scenario hence; this study was conducted to determine the knowledge and awareness on human papillomavirus vaccination and its relationship with socio –demographic among final year nursing and medical students in University Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Center. Methods: A cross-sectional design was conducted in the faculty of medicine, University Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Center. Two hundred and thirty four students were recruited using universal sampling equivalent to 86% respondent rate. Data was collected using self-administered structured questionnaires contains three sections. Pearson Chi-square analyses were used to de-termine the relationship between various socio-demographic factors and outcome variables namely knowledge and awareness on HPV vaccination. Results: Findings indicates that most of the respondents (85.9%) had a high level knowledge and (100%) awareness on HPV vaccination. Among the socio-demographic factors, respondents’ race (p=0.006) and marital status (p=0.0006) were associated with knowledge while, there were significant relationship between awareness and gender (p=0.0001). Conclusion: It can be concluded, that final year nursing and medical students had high knowledge and awareness on HPV vaccination. Race and marital status affected the knowledge while gender and family history of cervical cancer are significant predictors for awareness on HPV vaccination.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cross-Sectional Studies
  19. Fulltext Sodium intake in Malaysian adults: validation of estimations by dietary and spot urine excretion methods versus 24-hour urine excretion
    Mohamad Hasnan Ahmad, Fatimah Othman, Azli Baharudin, Cheong Siew Man, Muslimah Yusof, Rashidah Ambak, et al.
    International Journal of Allied Health Sciences, 2018;2(3):489-498.
    MyJurnal
    There are several methods available for assessment of sodium intake, including dietary and urinary excretion, which are fraught with methodological difficulties. Therefore, the aim of this study was to validate dietary and urinary excretion methods against 24-hour urinary excretion method in estimating sodium intake in Malaysian adults. A cross-sectional study has been carried out between November to December 2015. About 1568 adults aged 18 to 59 years old have participated from 16 study sites located in the 13 states and two federal territories of Malaysia. The study collected basic socio-demographic data and habitual dietary intake by Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). Respondents were also asked to complete a two-day food intake diary (2FD) and collect their 24-hours urine and spot urine using standard protocols. A total of 1116 adults successfully completed the survey, yielding a response rate of 71%. Sodium intake from 24-hour urine excretion was estimated at 2585.9mg/day which is above the recommendation by World Health Organization (WHO). The 2FD showed the nearest mean estimate to the reference method but the spot urine with Tanaka’s predictive equation showed the least bias. The estimation of sodium from spot urine alone or with Kawasaki’s predictive equation and FFQ method showed poor mean estimates and a large bias compared to the reference method. The 2FD and spot urine with Tanaka’s prediction equation can be good alternatives for estimating daily sodium intake at the population level but not at the individual level.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cross-Sectional Studies
  20. Fulltext Cost analysis of an early intervention programme for children with autism spectrum disorder and its contributing factors in Klang Valley, 2019
    Mohammad Najib Baharuddin, Muhamad Hanafiah Juni
    Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2019;15(104):90-90.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a public health concern globally, characterized by impairments in cognitive process, social functioning, communication skills, behaviours and interests. These problems require mul-tidisciplinary approach through an early intervention programme (EIP) which is remarkably expensive. To date, the knowledge of EIP costs for ASD children in Malaysia remains unknown. The objective of this study was to determine the annual average EIP costs for ASD children from the societal perspective (total average costs, education costs, treatment costs, and living costs), and its contributing factors. Methods: A cross-sectional cost analysis study using simple random sampling according to proportion was conducted among 280 parents of ASD children receiving EIP services in Klang Valley. The data was collected using interview-based questionnaire and proforma. The Ac-tivity-based Costing Technique and Microsoft Excel 2016 were used to estimate the total annual average EIP costs, education costs, treatment costs, and living costs per ASD child. The association between the total annual average EIP costs and its contributing factors were carried out using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 25. Results: The total annual average EIP costs, education costs, treatment costs, and living costs per ASD child were estimated at RM15,158; RM3,896; RM1,948; and RM4,409 respectively. There was a significant association (p
    Matched MeSH terms: Cross-Sectional Studies
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