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Perceptions among Muslims regarding fasting, medication use and provider engagement during Ramadan in the United States

Alshehri AM, Barner JC, Wong SL, Ibrahim KR, Qureshi S

Int J Health Plann Manage, 2021 May;36(3):945-957.
PMID: 33711183 DOI: 10.1002/hpm.3147

BACKGROUND: Muslims with chronic diseases tend to fast during Ramadan, although Islam allows them not to fast. Therefore, understanding their perceptions and how they manage their health, especially as a minority population, is very important.
OBJECTIVE: To examine Muslims' (1) perceptions of fasting exemptions, (2) medication usage behaviour, (3) perceptions of relationships with healthcare providers and (4) factors impacting health management during Ramadan.
METHOD: This was a qualitative study employing four focus groups (two groups of women and two groups of men). Adult Muslims (aged 18 years or more) with chronic diseases were invited to participate. Participants were asked open-ended questions about their fasting ability, medication usage behaviours, healthcare access and collaboration with providers during Ramadan. Trained researchers conducted the focus groups interviews in both English and Arabic. Each focus group was recorded, and three investigators independently transcribed the data and extracted themes and categories. Coding terminology issues were resolved through discussion.
RESULTS: Twenty-five Muslims with chronic diseases (e.g., diabetes, hypertension, renal failure and anaemia) participated. The most prominent themes/subthemes were as follows: (1) fasting exemption (e.g., uncontrolled medical conditions), (2) fasting nonexemption (e.g., controlled medical conditions), (3) nonoral medication use during Ramadan, (4) healthcare provider involvement during Ramadan, and (5) factors impacting health management during Ramadan.
CONCLUSION: Muslim patients perceive fasting as an important religious practice, so they tend to self-modify their medication-taking behaviours. Educating pharmacists and other healthcare providers about Muslim culture, especially their strong desire to fast, may lead to Muslims better managing their medications and viewing pharmacists and other healthcare providers as knowledgeable healthcare providers.
Fulltext An insightful evaluation of professionalism among dentistry students

Habib SR, Sattar K, Ahmad T, Barakah RM, Alshehri AM, Andejani AF, et al.

Saudi Dent J, 2021 Nov;33(7):753-760.
PMID: 34803330 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2020.03.012

Purpose: The objective of this study was to explore the ambience of professionalism related to academic integrity among undergraduate dental students.
Methodology: "Dundee Polyprofessionalism Inventory I: Academic Integrity" was used to collect responses from first-year to fifth-year dental students of the College of Dentistry, King Saud University (Response rate = 78%). The participants' responses (for 34 professionalism lapses) were recorded by using the Dundee Polyprofessionalism Inventory. Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics, Chi-square, and T-tests (P
Fulltext Antibiotics for preventing infection at the surgical site: Single dose vs. multiple doses

Ahmed NJ, Haseeb A, AlQarni A, AlGethamy M, Mahrous AJ, Alshehri AM, et al.

Saudi Pharm J, 2023 Dec;31(12):101800.
PMID: 38028220 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2023.101800

BACKGROUND: Surgical site infections are common and expensive infections that can cause fatalities or poor patient outcomes. To prevent these infections, antibiotic prophylaxis is used. However, excessive antibiotic use is related to higher costs and the emergence of antimicrobial resistance.
OBJECTIVES: The present meta-analysis aimed to compare the effectiveness of a single dosage versus several doses of antibiotics in preventing the development of surgical site infections.
METHODS: PubMed was used to find clinical trials evaluating the effectiveness of a single dosage versus several doses of antibiotics in avoiding the development of surgical site infections. The study included trials that were published between 1984 and 2022. Seventy-four clinical trials were included in the analysis. Odds ratios were used to compare groups with 95% confidence intervals. The data were displayed using OR to generate a forest plot. Review Manager (RevMan version 5.4) was used to do the meta-analysis.
RESULTS: Regarding clean operations, there were 389 surgical site infections out of 5,634 patients in a single dose group (6.90%) and 349 surgical site infections out of 5,621 patients in multiple doses group (6.21%) (OR = 1.11, lower CI = 0.95, upper CI = 1.30). Regarding clean-contaminated operations, there were 137 surgical site infections out of 2,715 patients in a single dose group (5.05%) and 137 surgical site infections out of 2,355 patients in multiple doses group (5.82%) (OR = 0.87, lower CI = 0.68, upper CI = 1.11). Regarding contaminated operations, there were 302 surgical site infections out of 3,262 patients in a single dose group (9.26%) and 276 surgical site infections out of 3,212 patients in multiple doses group (8.59%) (OR = 1.11, lower CI = 0.84, upper CI = 1.47). In general, there were 828 surgical site infections out of 11,611 patients in a single dose group (7.13%) and 762 surgical site infections out of 11,188 patients in multiple doses group (6.81%) (OR = 1.05, lower CI = 0.93, upper CI = 1.20). The difference between groups was not significant.
CONCLUSION: The present study showed that using a single-dose antimicrobial prophylaxis was equally effective as using multiple doses of antibiotics in decreasing surgical site infections.
Computer-aided drug discovery of c-Abl kinase inhibitors from plant compounds against chronic myeloid leukemia

Alshehri MM, Kumar N, Kuthi NA, Olaide Z, Alshammari MK, Bello RO, et al.

J Biomol Struct Dyn, 2024 Mar 22.
PMID: 38517058 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2024.2329297

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a hematological malignancy characterized by the neoplastic transformation of hematopoietic stem cells, driven by the Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome resulting from a translocation between chromosomes 9 and 22. This Ph chromosome harbors the breakpoint cluster region (BCR) and the Abelson (ABL) oncogene (BCR-ABL1) which have a constitutive tyrosine kinase activity. However, the tyrosine kinase activity of BCR-ABL1 have been identified as a key player in CML initiation and maintenance through c-Abl kinase. Despite advancements in tyrosine kinase inhibitors, challenges such as efficacy, safety concerns, and recurring drug resistance persist. This study aims to discover potential c-Abl kinase inhibitors from plant compounds with anti-leukemic properties, employing drug-likeness assessment, molecular docking, in silico pharmacokinetics (ADMET) screening, density function theory (DFT), and molecular dynamics simulations (MDS). Out of 58 screened compounds for drug-likeness, 44 were docked against c-Abl kinase. The top hit compound (isovitexin) and nilotinib (control drug) were subjected to rigorous analyses, including ADMET profiling, DFT evaluation, and MDS for 100 ns. Isovitexin demonstrated a notable binding affinity (-15.492 kcal/mol), closely comparable to nilotinib (-16.826 kcal/mol), showcasing a similar binding pose and superior structural stability and reactivity. While these findings suggest isovitexin as a potential c-Abl kinase inhibitor, further validation through urgent in vitro and in vivo experiments is imperative. This research holds promise for providing an alternative avenue to address existing CML treatment and management challenges.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.