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Fulltext Effect of latent myofascial trigger points on strength measurements of the upper trapezius: a case-controlled trial

Doraisamy MA, Anshul

Physiother Can, 2011;63(4):405-9.
PMID: 22942517 DOI: 10.3138/ptc.2010-27

PURPOSE: The purpose of this article was to determine whether strength is altered in the upper trapezius in the presence of latent myofascial trigger points (MTrP).
METHODS: This study was case controlled and used convenience sampling. The sample recruited was homogeneous with respect to age, sex, height, and body mass. Participants were assessed for the presence of latent MTrP in the upper trapezius and placed into two groups: an experimental group that had latent MTrP in the upper trapezius and a control group that did not. Eighteen women (mean age 21.4 y, SD 1.89; mean height 156.9 cm, SD 4.03; and mean body mass 51.7 kg, SD 5.84) made up the experimental group, and 19 women (mean age 20.3 y, SD 1.86; mean height 158.6 cm, SD 3.14; and mean body mass 53.2 kg, SD 5.17) made up the control group. We obtained strength measurements of the non-dominant arm using a handheld dynamometer and compared them between the two groups.
RESULTS: The difference in the strength measurements between the two groups was not statistically significant (p=0.59).
CONCLUSIONS: The presence of latent MTrPs may not affect the strength of the upper trapezius.
Enhancing therapeutic efficacy of fingolimod via intranasal delivery in an ethidium bromide-induced model of multiple sclerosis

Sharma A, Sharma N, Khanna K, Arora A, Mehan S, Sharma A

J Neurosci Methods, 2025 Mar 08;418:110415.
PMID: 40058465 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2025.110415

BACKGROUND: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune neurological characterized by muscle weakness, numbness, tingling, vision problems, and difficulty in coordination and balance caused by the damage of myelin content around the nerve fibres. The recent literature is evident that along with their lymphocyte attack prevention mechanism, fingolimod (FNG) can serve as neuroprotective also by ensuring their improved brain availability. Therefore, in this project brain availability of FNG was enhanced by delivering the FNG in the form of nanoparticles.
NEW METHODS: Fingolimod-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (FNG-SLNs) were prepared using the solvent evaporation method and formulation factors (lipid concentration; X1, speed; X2, surfactant concentration; X3) and response were established by factorial design. FNG-SLNs were characterized for particle size, entrapment efficiency and in-vitro drug release. Optimized formulations were characterized for in-vivo efficacy study in ethidium bromide-induced MS rat model.
RESULT: Obtained data revealed that the particle size and entrapment efficiency of FNG-SLNs optimized formulation was 125.4 nm and 79.86 % w/w respectively. In-vitro drug release study showed an initial burst release of the FNG up to 32.52 % in 30 min followed by sustained drug release up to 78.22 % in 24 h. Furthermore, in-vivo data of FNG-SLNs on ethidium bromide-induced MS rat model revealed better treatment response by showing several evidence such as signs of remyelination, restoration of neuron shape, and the recovered oligodendrocytes.
COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS: To the best of our knowledge this article demonstrates improved efficacy of FNG using SLNs.
CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates the successful development of FNG-SLNs to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of FNG for the treatment of multiple sclerosis.
Fulltext Assessment and valuation of health impacts of fine particulate matter during COVID-19 lockdown: a comprehensive study of tropical and sub tropical countries

Bherwani H, Kumar S, Musugu K, Nair M, Gautam S, Gupta A, et al.

Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 2021 Aug;28(32):44522-44537.
PMID: 33852112 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13813-w

A novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) continues to challenge the whole world. The disease has claimed many fatalities as it has transcended from one country to another since it was first discovered in China in late 2019. To prevent further morbidity and mortality associated with COVID-19, most of the countries initiated a countrywide lockdown. While physical distancing and lockdowns helped in curbing the spread of this novel coronavirus, it led to massive economic losses for the nations. Positive impacts have been observed due to lockdown in terms of improved air quality of the nations. In the current research, ten tropical and subtropical countries have been analysed from multiple angles, including air pollution, assessment and valuation of health impacts and economic loss of countries during COVID-19 lockdown. Countries include Brazil, India, Iran, Kenya, Malaysia, Mexico, Pakistan, Peru, Sri Lanka, and Thailand. Validated Simplified Aerosol Retrieval Algorithm (SARA) binning model is used on data collated from moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) for particulate matters with a diameter of less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) for all the countries for the month of January to May 2019 and 2020. The concentration results of PM2.5 show that air pollution has drastically reduced in 2020 post lockdown for all countries. The highest average concentration obtained by converting aerosol optical depth (AOD) for 2020 is observed for Thailand as 121.9 μg/m3 and the lowest for Mexico as 36.27 μg/m3. As air pollution is found to decrease in the April and May months of 2020 for nearly all countries, they are compared with respective previous year values for the same duration to calculate the reduced health burden due to lockdown. The present study estimates that cumulative about 100.9 Billion US$ are saved due to reduced air pollution externalities, which are about 25% of the cumulative economic loss of 435.9 Billion US$.
Volumetric analysis of mastoid air cells in orthodontic malocclusions in 3D cone beam computed tomography (CBCT)

Singh N, Chaurasia A, Singh AK, Agarwal A, Abd Rahman ANAB, Tiwari R

Natl J Maxillofac Surg, 2024;15(2):278-282.
PMID: 39234144 DOI: 10.4103/njms.njms_153_22

OBJECTIVES: To determine age- and sex-related changes in mastoid air cells volume in orthodontic malocclusions (class 1, class 2, class 3) in cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), morphometric analysis, and age prediction on the basis of mastoid air cells.
METHODS: In total, 150 3D CBCT scans of study subjects having class 1, class 2, and class 3 malocclusions have been analyzed retrospectively for the estimation of volume of mastoid air cells by Dolphin imaging software V11.9, and measurement data of volumes have been recorded and analyzed using SPSS software 24.v.
RESULTS: The volume of mastoid air cells was highest in age group of 14-28 years which was statistically not significant (P value >.05). The volume of mastoid air cells in the right side of cranium is greater than mastoid air cells in the left side. The mastoid air cell volume was higher in males than females. The volume of mastoid air cells (right side) was highest in class II malocclusion (2404.53 ± 1737.50 mm3) followed by class III and was least in class I malocclusion (1842.09 ± 1263.78 mm3). However, the volume of mastoid air cells in the left side was highest in class III malocclusion (2368.03 ± 1853.00 mm3) followed by class II and was least in class I (1920.52 ± 1285.34 mm3).
CONCLUSIONS: The volume of mastoid air cells varies in different class of orthodontic malocclusions. The mastoid air cells volume is higher in males than females. On the basis of mastoid air cells volume, we are able to predict the age, sex, and class of orthodontic malocclusion.
Influencing hair regrowth with EGCG by targeting glycogen synthase kinase-3β activity: a molecular dynamics study

Moqaddasi HR, Singh A, Mukherjee S, Rezai F, Gupta A, Srivastava S, et al.

J Recept Signal Transduct Res, 2025 Apr;45(2):95-106.
PMID: 39964119 DOI: 10.1080/10799893.2025.2465240

Hair follicle growth process through several well-organized stages with specific input by several signaling pathways including Wnt/β-catenin and Sonic Hedgehog with GSK3β in this process. As such, this research focus on investigating the efficacy of molecules that are able to inhibit GSK3β action in inducing hair regrowth. Applying computational techniques, three compounds NMN, Resveratrol and EGCG were analyzed for their GSK3β inhibition. It was established that EGCG has the highest values of molecular docking scores and, in the case of the stability criteria such as RMSD and RMSF, presented the most stable dynamic simulation. EGCG has shown considerable TEMPORAL STABILITY with GSK3β in the complex, because over a period of 200 nanoseconds the molecules remained bound through hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic contacts. As confirmed by PCA, the largest conformational changes in GSK3β suggest significant inhibitory interaction. Out of all the studied compounds, EGCG turns out to be the most potent GSK3β inhibitor for hair regrowth purposes. The result obtained from the molecular dynamics simulation indicates that EGCG might exert a favorable impact to extract signaling pathways related with hair follicle cycling which is a significant objective. These outcome sets the phase for further experimental testing to discover the potential of EGCG in the treatment of alopecia.
Fulltext Therapeutic Potential of Phytoconstituents in Management of Alzheimer's Disease

Singh AK, Rai SN, Maurya A, Mishra G, Awasthi R, Shakya A, et al.

Evid Based Complement Alternat Med, 2021;2021:5578574.
PMID: 34211570 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5578574

Since primitive times, herbs have been extensively used in conventional remedies for boosting cognitive impairment and age-associated memory loss. It is mentioned that medicinal plants have a variety of dynamic components, and they have become a prominent choice for synthetic medications for the care of cognitive and associated disorders. Herbal remedies have played a major role in the progression of medicine, and many advanced drugs have already been developed. Many studies have endorsed practicing herbal remedies with phytoconstituents, for healing Alzheimer's disease (AD). All the information in this article was collated from selected research papers from online scientific databases, such as PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus. The aim of this article is to convey the potential of herbal remedies for the prospect management of Alzheimer's and related diseases. Herbal remedies may be useful in the discovery and advancement of drugs, thus extending new leads for neurodegenerative diseases such as AD. Nanocarriers play a significant role in delivering herbal medicaments to a specific target. Therefore, many drugs have been described for the management of age-linked complaints such as dementia, AD, and the like. Several phytochemicals are capable of managing AD, but their therapeutic claims are restricted due to their lower solubility and metabolism. These limitations of natural therapeutics can be overcome by using a targeted nanocarrier system. This article will provide the primitive remedies as well as the development of herbal remedies for AD management.